Download Name Class 1 2 3 Earth Science Final Exam Review Ch.1 What are

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Earth Science Final Exam Review
Ch.1
What are the four branches of Earth Science?
What does each branch study?
What is plate tectonics?
What are the earth’s 4 major spheres?
What is included in each layer?
What 2 parts of the geosphere make up the lithosphere?
What layers of the geosphere make up the asthenosphere/
Define latitude and longitude.
What is the name of the line of latitude at 0 degrees?
What is the name of the line of longitude at 0 degrees?
What is the name of the line of longitude at 180 degrees?
Name four types of maps.
Define contour lines
What do lines on a contour map that are close together represent?
What does a circle on a contour map represent?
What affect do humans have on the environment?
Draw the growth of human population graph.
Define renewable resource
Name 3 renewable resources
What is an example of a nonrenewable resource?
Define nonrenewable resource.
Name 4 environmental problems caused by humans.
Ch. 2
Name the three parts of an atom
What does the atomic number represent?
Where are electrons located? Protons? Neutrons?
What is a molecule?
Define isotope
Define ion.
What is the overall charge of an atom?
In bonding of atoms which particle is involved in the process?
What is atomic mass?
What are the five characteristics of a mineral?
Name four ways minerals are formed.
What are the six major groups of minerals?
Give an example of each group of minerals
What are the eight properties of minerals? define each one
What is the Mohs scale?
What is the formula for density?
Ch.3
What is a rock?
What are the three types of rocks? How are they formed?
Name two ways igneous rocks are formed?
How are intrusive and extrusive rocks different?
How are igneous rocks classified according to composition?
What are the major processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rock?
What are clastic sedimentary rocks?
What are chemical sedimentary rocks?
What are the three agents of metamorphism?
What are foliated and nonfoliated metamorphic rocks, and how do they form?
How are metamorphic rocks classified?
Ch.4
Which energy resources are fossil fuels?
Which energy resources will replace petroleum in the future?
What are the four stages of coal? Put them in order from first to last
How do nuclear power plants use nuclear fission to produce energy?
How do Hydroelectric power, and geothermal energy make power?
What effect does carbon dioxide have on the environment?
Ch.5
What are the three physical processes that cause mechanical weathering?
What is chemical weathering?
What are the four components of soil?
Name the three horizons in soil?
What factors affect the rate of weathering?
What is mass movement?
How do geologists classify mass movements?
Ch.6
What is the water cycle?
What is the most important factor in determining the power of a stream to erode and transport
material?
What is a drainage basin?
Name three ways streams transport sediment.
What are two results of deposition?
Where is groundwater and how does it move?
What is a geyser?
How does an artesian well form?
What is the difference between porosity and permeability?
How do caverns form?
Ch.8
Compare and contrast epicenter and focus
What causes earthquakes?
Define foreshock and aftershock
List three types of seismic waves, and their effects on the earth.
How do scientists locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
What are tsunamis, and what causes them?
Identify other dangers associated with earthquakes.
List the layers of the earth.
Ch.9
Describe the hypothesis of continental drift?
List evidence to support the theory and reject it.
Define plate tectonics
Identify three types of plate boundaries.
What actions take place at subduction zones?
What do seafloor spreading and rift zones have in common?
What are hot spots and what islands are formed from them?
What is the action produced at a transform fault boundary?
Ch.10
List the types of materials ejected from volcanoes
List the three main types of volcanoes.
List and describe the various intrusive igneous features.
Explain the relationship between volcanism and plate tectonics.
Where does intraplate volcanism occur?
Ch.14
What percent of the earth is covered by land, and ocean?
List the four main oceans.
Which ocean is deepest?
Compare and contrast the topography of the ocean floor with that of the land.
List the three main regions of ocean floor, and three ways to study it.
Ch.15
Define salinity
What factors affect the density of ocean water?
Compare and contrast the three main zones of the ocean.
How are marine organisms classified?
What is the difference between plankton, nekton and benthos?
List the factors used to divide the ocean into marine zones.
List the factors that influence a regions photosynthetic productivity.
Compare and contrast food chain and food web.
Ch.16
How do ocean currents affect climate?
How are density currents formed?
What are three characteristics of a wave?
What are four parts of a wave?
Name 3 tidal patterns.
What are ebb, and neap tides?
Name three shoreline erosional features
Name four depositional features of shoreline.
Ch.17
What are the major components of the atmosphere?
Why is carbon dioxide important?
What is ozone, and why is it important?
Name the four layers of the atmosphere.
How are heat and temperature related?
Why do season’s change?
Define solstice, and equinox
Ch.18
Name six ways water changes state.
What is relative humidity, and how is it measured?
Define dew point.
What happens to air that is compressed, or is allowed to expand?
Define condensation nuclei.
Why do relative humidity readings of 101% rarely exist in our environment?
How are clouds classified?
Which clouds are the chief precipitation makers?
Name the five types of precipitation.
Ch.19
Define air pressure
Name two types of barometers
What factors affect wind?
How do meteorologists show pressure differences on a weather map?
What is the Coriolis effect?
What is its effect on winds, and pressure?
Compare and contrast cyclonic and anticyclonic winds.
Why is fair weather associated with a high presssue area?
How does air pressure affect weather?
Name the four types of global winds, and their location.
How do global winds influence continents?
Define sea breeze.
What causes local winds?
How is wind speed measured?
Ch.22
Name four modern astronomers., and their contribution to astronomy.
What is the shape of the orbits of the planets around the sun?
Define weight.
What causes night and day?
What is the cause of the change of seasons?
What causes the phases of the moon?
Name the two types of eclipses and their causes?
List and describe the four features on the moon’s surface.
Ch.23
What are the differences between terrestrial and Jovian planets?
What planets have rings?
How many moons does each planet have?
What are the distinguishing characteristics of each planet?
How many actively volcanic moons are there?
What planets do they orbit?
Where are most asteroids located?
Compare and contrast meteor and meteoroid?
Ch.24
What colors of light make up the visible spectrum?
Which color has the shortest wavelength, and which has the longest?
What information does a stars spectrum tell a scientist?
What is the Doppler Effect?
What are the fourparts of the sun?
What information can be obtained by studying sun spots?
What is the source of the sun’s energy?
Ch.25
What can a scientist learn by studying the color of a star?
What is a light year, and what is the distance it travels?
In terms of magnitude which stars are brighter the more negative the value or the more positive the
value?
In the H-R diagram What color stars are the most massive?
The brightest stars are in what category?
What will be the final stage of the suns life cycle?
According to the Big Bang Theory what is the approximate age of the universe?