Download Inactive/Spore-Forming Stage

infection control
why do we study infection
control?
The practice of esthetics includes taking
measures to prevent the contamination of
products & implements, as well as to
prevent the spread of diseases from client
to esthetician, esthetician to client, and
client to client. Federal agencies set
guidelines for safety in the workplace.
Federal Agencies
OS
HA
The Occupational Safety and Health
Administration was created by the U.S.
Department of Labor to regulate and
enforce safety and health standard to
protect employees in the workplace
MSDS
The Material Safety Data Sheet was
created as a result of the Occupational
Safety and Health Act of 1970. This
regulation created the Hazard
Communication Act, which requires that
chemical manufactures & importers assess
the hazards associated with their products.
p. 60-example
MSDS sheets provide key info on a specific
product regarding ingredients, associated
hazards, combustion levels & storage
Environmental
Protection Agency
In the U.S., the EPA approves the efficacy
of products used for infection control. The
manufacturer must submit a product to the
EPA for verification of effectiveness against
the organisms listed on the label. Once
verified, the product receives an EPA
registration number, along with approval of
the efficacy claims on the label, stating
what organisms the product is effective
against.
Shows what the
product has
been proven
effective against
State Regulatory
Agencies
Exist to protect the consumers’ health,
safety, and welfare while receiving services
in a salon, spa, or medical spa.
They protect consumers by requiring
everyone working in the facility to follow
specific procedures.
Enforce the rules through inspections and
investigations.
Infection Control
4 classifications of potentially infectious
microorganisms: bacteria, fungi, viruses, &
parasites
Disinfectants used in salons must be
bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal
It is your responsibility to prevent your
clients from harm by practicing safety
Bacteria
Also called germs or microbes, are onecelled microorganisms. While thousands of
different kinds of bacteria exist, they are
generally classified into two types:
Pathogenic-disease-producing bacteria
Non-pathogenic- non disease-producing
bacteria
Non-pathogenic
Bacteria
Approx. 70% of all bacteria are
nonpathogenic, many of which live on the
surface of the skin.
Also found in certain dairy products (yogurt)
Pathogenic Bacteria
Several different types of pathogenic
bacteria are harmful because they cause
infection and disease, some produce toxins.
The following are more common pathogenic
bacteria that you might encounter as a
professional.
Pathogenic Bacteria
1. Cocci (3
Spherical/round-shaped Types)
cells, which appear singularly or in
Staphylo
cocci
pus-forming bacterial
cells that form grapelike bunches or clusters
& are present in
abscesses, pustules &
boils
groups.Strepto
c=circle & cocci
cocci
pus-forming cells which
form in long chains &
can cause blood
poisoning, strep throat,
rheumatic fever, and
other serious infections
Diploc
occi
cells that grow in pairs
and are the cause of
certain infections,
including pneumonia
d=double/diplococci
Pathogenic Bacteria
2.
Bacilli
Most common form of bacterial cells. Bacilli
are bar or rod-shaped cells that can
produce a variety of diseases including
tetanus, bacterial influenza, typhoid fever,
tuberculosis & diptheria
B=bar/bacilli
Pathogenic Bacteria
3.
Spirilla
Spiraled, coiled, corkscrew-shaped
bacterial cells that cause highly contagious
diseases such as syphilis and cholera
S=spiral/spirilla
Movement of
Bacteria
Cocci rarely show active self-movement.
Transmitted in air, dust, or within a
substance.
Bacilli & spirilla use slender, hairlike
extensions, known as flagella or cilia
Growth &
Reproduction
enclosed by an outer cell wall. 2 different stages of
Bacteria generally consist of liquid, called protoplasm,
bacteria in their life cycle:
Active Stage: Bacteria grow & reproduce. Multiply best in
warm, dark, damp, dirty places. When conditions become
unfavorable or difficult for them to thrive, they become
inactive
Inactive/Spore-Forming Stage: certain bacteria, such as
anthrax & tetanus bacilli, coat themselves with waxy outer
shells that are able to withstand long periods of famin,
dryness, and unsuitable temps. In this stage, bacteria can
resist disinfection & survive for long periods of time in
extreme heat or cold.
Infections
An infection occurs when body tissues are
invaded by disease-causing/pathogenic
microorganisms-infectious agents.
The presence of pus is one sign of bacterial
infection.
What is Pus?
Fluid, created by tissue inflammation, that
contains white blood cells, the debris of
dead cells, tissue elements, and bacteria
Staphylococci
AKA “staph” are among the most common
human bacteria.
Carried by about a 1/3 of the population.
Can be picked up on doorknobs,
countertops, etc.
More commonly spread through skin-to-skin.
Food poisoning & toxic shock syndrome.
MRSA is resistant to anitbiotics
Local Infection- Pimple/Abcess
-Confined to a particular part of the
body
General
-Bloodstream carries bacteria or
Infection
their toxins to all parts of the body
-AIDS
Viruses
Microscopic structure capable of infecting
almost all plants & animals
Key difference-live only by penetrating cells
and becoming part of them
A result, viruses are generally not
successfully treated with antibiotics.
Cold, Flu, Herpes, Measles, Pox, Hepatitis,
Polio, AIDs
Viruses
HI
V
Virus that causes AIDs
Breaks down the body’s immune system.
Passed through blood & other bodily fluids
Contagious/communicable
Viruses
Hepat
itis
5 types: A, B, C, D & E
Causes disease marked by inflammation of
the liver
B is most difficult to kill on surface
All estheticians should be vaccinated
against B
Bloodborne
Pathogens
Disease-causing bacteria/viruses carried
through the body in the blood or bodily
fluids
Enter through
-break in skin -eyes
-mouth
-ears
-nose
unprotected sex
Parasites
Vegetable/animal organisms that live in or
on living organisms
Draw nourishment from host
Not capable of living on their own
Fungi, molds, mildew
Head lice, scabies, tapeworms
Immunity
Natural-an inborn ability to resist certain
diseases
Acquired- developed after the body
overcomes a disease or through
inoculation, vaccine
Prevention
3 Levels of decontamination
Sanitation
-lowest level
-reduce number of
pathogens
Levels of
Decontamination
Disinfec
2nd highest level
tion
Involves chemical agents that kill most
microorganisms on hard, nonporous
surfaces
Not for use on human skin, hair, or nails
Look for EPA registration number
Quaternary ammonium compounds-nontoxic, odorless
Levels of
Decontamination
Steriliza
tion
Highest level of decontamination
Kills all microorganisms, including bacteria,
viruses, fungi, bacterial spores
Steam autoclave & dry heat
Universal
Precautions
Require employer and the employee to
assume that all human blood and body
fluids are infectious for bloodborne
pathogens
Some instances people are asymptomatic
Basic 1st Aid
Knowledge
Makes good sense to know how to apply
pressure to a bleeding wound, CPR, how to
dress a burn
Have a well stocked 1st Aid Kit
Identify 4 levels of burns
Think About It
During a facial, you reach for a new spatula
& accidently drop it on the floor, what do
you do?
You’ve just finished a facial & your guest
just left. What’s the clean-up procedure to
get ready for the next guest?
You cut yourself during a facial service,
what would you do?