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Swallows Charter Academy Domain Map Unit 3 Electricity and Magnetism 8th Grade Science Grade-Level Domain MAP Core Knowledge Content State Standards Literature – History/Geography – Science – 1. Physical Science II. Electricity and Magnetism 1. Identify and calculate the direction and magnitude of forces that act on an object, and explain the results in the object’s change of motion A. Electricity • Basic terms and concepts (review from grade 4): Electricity is the charge of electrons in a conductor. Opposite charges attract, like charges repel. 2. There are different forms of energy, and those forms of energy can be changed from one form to another – but total energy is conserved Open and closed circuits 3. Distinguish between physical and chemical changes, noting that mass is conserved during any change Short circuit: sudden surge of amperage due to the reduction of resistance in a circuit; protection from short circuits is achieved by fuses and circuit breakers 4. Recognize that waves such as electromagnetic, sound, seismic, and water have common characteristics and unique properties Conductors and insulators Electrical safety • Electricity as the charge of electrons Electrons carry negative charge; protons carry positive charge Conductors: materials like metals that easily give up electrons Insulators: materials like glass that do not easily give up electrons • Static electricity A static charge (excess or deficiency) creates an electric field. Electric energy can be stored in capacitors (typically two metal plates, one charged positive and one charged negative, separated by an insulating barrier). Capacitor discharges can release fatal levels of energy. Grounding drains an excess or makes up a deficiency of electrons, because the earth is a huge reservoir of electrons. Your body is a ground when you get a shock of static electricity. Lightning is a grounding of static electricity from clouds. • Flowing electricity Electric potential is measured in volts. Electric flow or current is measured in amperes: 1 ampere = flow of 1 coulomb of charge per second (1 coulomb = the charge of 6.25 billion billion electrons). The total power of an electric flow over time is measured in watts. Watts = amps x volts; amps = Template © 2012, Core Knowledge Foundation. All rights reserved. Swallows Charter Academy Domain Map Unit 3 Electricity and Magnetism 8th Grade Science watts/volts; volts = watts/amps. The unit of electrical resistance is the ohm. B. Magnetism and Electricity • Earth’s magnetism Earth’s magnetism is believed to be caused by movements of charged atoms in the molten interior of the planet. Navigation by magnetic compass is made possible because the earth is a magnet with north and south magnetic poles. • Connection between electricity and magnetism Example: move a magnet back and forth in front of wire connected to a meter, and electricity flows in the wire. The reverse: electric current flowing through a wire exerts magnetic attraction. Spinning electrons in an atom create a magnetic field around the atom. Unlike magnetic poles attract, like magnetic poles repel. Practical applications of the connection between electricity and magnetism, for example: An electric generator creates alternating current by turning a magnet and a coil of wire in relation to each other; an electric motor works on the reverse principle. A step-up transformer sends alternating current through a smaller coil of wire with just a few turns next to a larger coil with many turns. This induces a higher voltage in the larger coil. A step-down transformer does the reverse, sending current through the larger coil and creating a lower voltage in the smaller one. Visual Arts – Music –. Language Arts Core Knowledge CCSS ELA A. Writing and Research 1. Oral Expression and Listening • Expository writing: Write nonfiction essays that describe, narrate, persuade, and compare and contrast. 1. Formal presentations require preparation and effective delivery • Write research essays, with attention to asking open-ended questions gathering relevant data through library and field research summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting accurately when taking notes defining a thesis (that is, a central proposition, a main idea) organizing with an outline 2. Small and large group discussions rely on active listening and the effective contributions of all participants integrating quotations from sources acknowledging sources and avoiding plagiarism preparing a bibliography B. Speaking and Listening • Participate civilly and productively in group discussions. 2. Reading for All Purposes 1. Literary elements, characteristics, and ideas are interrelated and guide the comprehension of literary and fictional texts 2. Informational and persuasive texts are summarized and evaluated Template © 2012, Core Knowledge Foundation. All rights reserved. Swallows Charter Academy Domain Map Unit 3 Electricity and Magnetism 8th Grade Science • Give a short speech to the class that is well-organized and well-supported. 3. Purpose, tone, and meaning in word choices influence literary, persuasive, and informational texts • Demonstrate an ability to use standard pronunciation when speaking to large groups and in formal circumstances, such as a job interview 3. Writing and Composition 1. Composing literary and narrative texts that incorporate a range of stylistic devices demonstrates knowledge of genre features 2. Organization is used when composing informational and persuasive texts 3. Editing writing for proper grammar, usage, mechanics, and clarity improves written work 4. Research and Reasoning 1. Answering a research question logically begins with obtaining and analyzing information from a variety of sources 2. Logical information requires documented sources 3. Reasoned material is evaluated for its quality using both its logic and its use of a medium Prior Knowledge What Students Will Learn In Future Grades High School Physics Fourth Grade Electricity Cross-Curricular Links Domain Vocabulary Magnet, magnetic pole, magnetic force, magnetic field, magnetic field lines, atom, element, nucleus, proton, neutron, electron, magnetic domain, ferromagnetic material, temporary magnet, permanent magnet, Compass, magnetic declination, Van Allen Belts, solar wind, magnetosphere, aurora, Electric force, electric field, static electricity, conservation of change, friction, conduction, induction, static discharge, electric current, electric circuit, conductor, insulator, voltage, voltage source, resistance, Chemical energy, chemical reaction, electrochemical cell, electrode, electrolyte, terminal, battery, wet cell, dry cell, Ohm’s law, series circuit, ammeter, parallel circuit, voltmeter, Power, short circuit, grounded, third prong, fuse, circuit breaker, Electromagnetism, solenoid, electromagnet, energy, electrical energy, mechanical energy, galvanometer, electric motor, electromagnetic induction, direct current, alternation current, electric generator, transformer, step-up transformer, step-down transformer, Electronics, electronic signal, analog signal, digital signal, semiconductor, diode, transistor, integrated circuit, electromagnetic wave, amplitude, frequency, amplitude modulation AM, frequency modulation FM, Computer, binary system, hardware, central processing unit CPU, input device, output device, software, computer programmer, computer network, internet, world wide web, encryption, computer virus, chat room, intellectual property, Instructional UNITS Literature History / Geography Science Electricity and Magnetism Book N Chapters 1-4 Template © 2012, Core Knowledge Foundation. All rights reserved. Visual Arts Music Swallows Charter Academy Domain Map Unit 3 Electricity and Magnetism 8th Grade Science Template © 2012, Core Knowledge Foundation. All rights reserved.