Download Biology Take Home Exam / Final Exam Study Guide

Name:
Period:
Biology Take Home Exam / Final Exam Study Guide
The semester final makes up 20% of your final grade in biology and consists of two parts:
- Take home exam/study guide (35 points)
- In-class final exam (100 points)
Part 1: Scientific Concepts
You are conducting an experiment to determine if increased UV radiation from the decrease in the ozone
layer is killing off frog tadpoles. After examining all of the data available in the library, you hypothesize
that increased UV radiation from the sun is killing off the tadpoles. You design an experiment. There are
100 tadpoles in a five gallon container of water that is covered by glass that filters out UV radiation).
Another five gallon container of 100 tadpoles is covered with acrylic Plexiglas, which will not filter out
the U.V. radiation. You then place the groups outside for a period of a month, and observe the results. The
results showed that both groups ended with a tadpole population of 96.
List the steps of the
scientific method in order.
P
H
E
R
C
If tadpoles are ___________________________________________________________________________,
Re-write the hypothesis in the
if…then… format.
Which is the control group?
Which is the experimental
group?
Identify the independent
variable in this experiment.
Identify the dependent
variable in this experiment.
Name at least two constants
in the experiment.
Which variable would you use
to label the x-axis, if you were
to graph the data?
Which variable would you use
to label the y-axis?
then________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Does the data support the
hypothesis? If not, infer what
might be causing a decrease in
frog population.
After you analyzed your
results, you came up with a
conclusion. Is your conclusion
considered a theory? Why or
why not?
Part 2: Cell Biology
List the six characteristics of living
things. Of this list, define cells and
homeostasis.
List the levels of organization,
from the largest to the smallest.
Place a star next to the smallest
unit of life.
In your own words, explain the
cell theory.
Label the image to the right.
Identify if this is a plant or animal
cell.
Draw your OWN leader lines to
label the parts of the plant cell.

Use the same terms as that
of the animal cell from the
previous page, EXCEPT
microvilli and centrioles.

In addition, label the
structures that are unique
to plant cells that are
absent in animal cells.
Complete the following table by filling the missing information. Some organelle parts may be used more than once.
Structure/Function
Cell Part
1. Stores material within the cell
Chloroplasts
2.
3. The sites of protein synthesis
4. Transports materials within the cell
Nucleolus
5.
6. Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell
Centrosomes
7. Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or
bacteria
8. Small bumps that make protein located on portions of the endoplasmic
reticulum
9. Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes and waste products
10. Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most
bacteria and some protests
Mitochondria
11.
12. Packages proteins for transport out of the cell
13. Everything inside the cell including the nucleus
14. Site where ribosomes are made
15. The membrane surrounding the cell
Cytoskeleton
16.
17. Thin threads of DNA packaged with protein, during late interphase
18. Consist of hollow tubes which provide support for the cell
19. Small hair-like structures used for movement or sensing things
20. Composed of a phospholipid bilayer, proteins, and carbohydrate sidechains
21. Longer whip-like structures used for movement
Classify the following organelles into one
of four columns based on their role in
metabolism.
Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Cell Membrane,
Vesicles
Ingestion
Digestion
Respiration
Excretion
Put a check mark to indicate if the following organelles are found in plant, animal, or prokaryotic cells. For each
organelle, choose all that apply.
Organelle
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Cell Wall
Vesicle
Chloroplast
DNA
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Plasma membrane
Vacuole
Ribosome
Nucleoid Region
Part 3: Biochemistry, Cell Membrane & Transport
What chemical elements are
found in living cells?
Explain the difference between a
monomer and a polymer. Include
a drawing in your explanation.
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids + H2O  triglyceride
Is this reaction an example of
hydrolysis or dehydration
synthesis? Explain.
Prokaryotic Cell
Phospholipid  Phospho-glycerol + 2 fatty acids + H2O
Is this reaction below an
example of hydrolysis or
dehydration synthesis? Explain.
The image to the right shows the
difference in chemical structure
of saturated and unsaturated
fatty acids chains. What is the
difference between a saturated
fat and an unsaturated fat?
List the three polymers of lipids
and the monomers that make up
each.
Label the leader lines on the
image to the right using the
following terms:
-
Carbohydrate side chain
Marker protein
Hydrophobic region
Hydrophilic region
Protein pump
Phospholipid bilayer
Draw a blue arrow to show how
the triangle-shaped substance
would cross the membrane using
simple diffusion.
Draw a red arrow to show how
the circular-shaped substance
would cross the membrane using
facilitated diffusion.
Explain why the model of the
plasma membrane on the
previous page is considered
semi-permeable.
Define concentration gradient
in your own words.
Create a chart that shows which
substances can and cannot pass
through the cell membrane.
Explain why some materials can
pass through while other
materials cannot.
Identify each of the following
cells in solution as being either
hypotonic, hypertonic, or
isotonic to that of the cell.
After identifying each of the
examples, define isotonic,
hypotonic, and hypertonic
beneath each label.
Explain the difference between
passive and active transport of
substances across the
membrane.
Diffusion:
Define the examples of passive
transport across the membrane:
simple diffusion, osmosis, and
facilitated diffusion. Use your
OWN words, rather than copying
your notes.
Osmosis:
Facilitated Diffusion:
Draw a diagram showing the
difference between simple
diffusion, facilitated diffusion and
protein pumps (active transport)
across the membrane.
Endocytosis:
Draw the difference between
endocytosis and exocytosis.
Exocytosis:
Explain how phagocytosis is
different from pinocytosis.
You have a 20% sucrose solution
in a bag with a semipermeable
membrane. You submerge the bag
in a 30% sucrose solution.
(Assume that sucrose is NOT
permeable).
Draw a diagram to illustrate the
problem on the right. Which
direction does the water flow?
Part 4: Microbiology
List and describe the differences
between eukaryotic and
prokaryotic cells.
Explain the various defining points
of bacteria. (What are they? How
large are they? What are their
different shapes?)
Contrast binary fission and
conjugation: how are they
different?
Define “bacteriophage”. Then,
draw and label one in the space on
the right.
Define plasmid and explain why
they might be beneficial to the cell.
An agar plate is divided into four
quadrants (A, B, C, & D). The plate
is streaked with a gram positive
strain of stock bacteria that
contains a plasmid for resistance
against antibiotic “Y”. Small
circles of paper are dipped in
different substances and placed on
the agar plate:
A: Penicillin
B: Ciprofloxacin
C: Water
D: Antibiotic “Y”
Draw the experimental set-up to
the right and indicate which circles
would likely have a halo.
Explain the differences between
the infection cycles of HIV and
influenza. Use and define the
following terms:







Prophage
Lytic
Lysogenic
Attachment
Injection
Dormant
Lyse
Why is HIV considered a
retrovirus?
Write a paragraph defending why
bacteria are considered alive but
viruses are not.
Part 5: Mitosis & DNA
Explain why cells need a large
surface area-to-volume ratio and
describe ways that cells achieve
this.
List the steps of the cell cycle
beginning with G1 of interphase
and ending with cytokinesis.
For the image below, label the stage of mitosis. Describe what's going on inside the cell during each stage, including
things that may not be visible in the images.