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25. What muscles attach to the mastoid process? Longissimus capitus Digastric SCM Splenius capitis 26. Cremaster m. - raises and lowers the testicles, slip off of the IAO muscle as the testicles travel through it shortly before a male infant is born. ( Story: Mike Shiley, Dr. G’s teacher at Purdue: “What is the most important muscle to a male dog jumping a barbed wire fence?” ) 28. What mm attach to the atlas? Levator scapulae Rectus capitis posterior minor Splenius cervicis Obliquus capitis inferior Obliquus capitis superior 29. What mm attach to the axis C2 Levator scapulae Mulitifidus Obliquus capitis inferior m Rectus capitis posterior major m. (/) Splenius cervicis Spinalis Cervicis 30. MM with tendinous inscriptions on their belly 31. Trapezius m. O: medial 1/3 of the superior nuchal line, EOP, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12 I: lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula A: 3 primary functions: superior fibers elevate scapula, inferior fibers depress and middle fibers retract (adduct) scapula, hyperextends the neck and braces the shoulder and stabilizes it. I: spinal roots of the accessory nerve CN XI, ventral rami of C3 and C4 32. Levator scapulae m. – origin and insertion can flip flop! O: TP’s of C1-C4 I: superior portion of the medial border of the scapula A: elevate scapula, flex neck I: dorsal scapular n. (C5) 33. MM that laterally rotate the shoulder infraspinatus supraspinatus teres minor deltoid 34. MM that attach to the clavicle deltoid pec major SCM Subclavius Traps 35. Pectoralis major m. N 395 O: clavicular head - anterior surface med. 1/3 clavicle sternal head - manubrium and body of sternum abdominal head - costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 I: lateral lip of intertubercular groove A: flexes, adducts and rotates humerus medially I: medial (C8, T1) and lateral (C5,6,7) pectoral nerves 36. Biceps brachii m. O: long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula short head - coracoid process of scapula I: radial tuberosity, blends into fascia of medial forearm A: flex elbow and supinate forearm I: musculocutaneous n. (C5,6,7) 37. Thenar eminence Thenar - fleshy mass on the lateral side of the palm 38. Brachialis m. O: anterior body of the humerus I: coronoid process of ulna, ulnar tuberosity A: flexes the elbow joint I: musculocutaneous (C5,6,7) and radial (C5,6,7,8,T1) nerves 39. Brachioradialis m. O: lateral supracondylar crest of humerus I: distal aspect of radius, proximal to styloid process A: flexes the elbow joint I: radial n. (C5,6,7,8,T1) 40. Iliacus m. O: iliac fossa I: lesser trochanter of the femur A: flex thigh, rotate hip laterally, flex spine if the thigh is stationary, then O/I flip flop I: femoral n. (L2,3,4) N 462 Psoas major m. O: transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae I: lesser trochanter of femur A: flex thigh and rotate hip laterally, flex spine I: spinal nerves L2 and L3 41. Gluteus maximus m. O: iliac crest, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament, aponeurosis of lumbar region I: gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract A: extend and rotate the thigh laterally, primary extensor of the thigh ( in some people the hamstring is primary) I: inferior gluteal n. (L5,S1,S2) 42. Rectus femoris m. O: AIIS, lip of the acetabulum I: base of the patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity A: extend knee because it crosses the knee, flex the thigh 43. MM that flex the knee Biceps femoris brevus and longus Gastroc Gracilis Plantaris Popliteus Sartorius Semimembranous Semitendinous 44. Piriformis m. – O: anterior surface of sacrum between S2 and S4 I: superior border of the greater trochanter A: laterally rotate, extend thigh, abduct flexed thigh I: branches of the sacral plexus 45. Hamstring mm – All 3 originate from the ischial tuberosity, all extend the thigh and flex the knee. 1. Biceps femoris m. O: long head - ischial tuberosity short head - lateral lip of distal 1/2 of linea aspera I: head of the fibula (lateral epicondyle of tibia) A: long head - flex knee, extend and laterally rotate thigh short head - flex knee I: long head - tibial n. (L4,5,S1,2,3) short head - common peroneal n. (L4,5,S1,2) 2. Semitendinosus m. O: ischial tuberosity I: proximal portion of the medial aspect of the tibia A: extend and medially rotate thigh, flex knee I: tibial nerve How to remember which is where: Teddy sleeps on Mary – tendinosus superficial to membranosus 3. Semimembranosus m. O: ischial tuberosity I: medial condyle of the tibia A: extend and medially rotate thigh, flex knee I: tibial n. 46. Pes anserinus N 456 The combined tendonous expansions of the semitendinosus m., gracilis m., and the sartorius where they insert on the medial aspect of the tibial tuberosity 47. Cranial nerve classification PNS - peripheral nervous system Cranial nerves - 12 pair 48. Resting Membrane Potential - before a nerve fiber can respond to a stimulus it must be polarized, it must have a charge inside ( - ) and outside (+). Threshold - the internal voltage at which the cell will spontaneously depolarize. Enough Na has to come into the cell and K out. You can make a neuron closer to threshold ( coffee) or further from threshold ( alcohol ) 49. –Spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to L1 (L2), then spinal cord proper stops 50. - Spinal segment is a cross section of the spinal cord that gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves 51. Classify the information contained in the dorsal root Dorsal Root - GSA, GVA – sensory Dorsal Root Ganglion - pseudounipolar neuron cell bodies N 155 52. Naming of the Spinal Nerves – – Cervical - according to the vertebra they exit above All others - according to the vertebra they exit below – because of Spinal nerve C8 – it exits between C7 and T1 53. Innervation of the muscles of the SOT N 164 • Vertebral artery – within the confines of the SOT • Suboccipital nerve - dorsal ramus of C1- within the confines of the SOT 54. Nerves that innervate the posterior scalp Greater Occipital nerve - dorsal ramus of C2 , exits below the SOT 58. CSF is found in the subarachnoid space 59. Cut sciatic nerve loose the tibial, common peroneal no hamstrings and adductor magnus m. and no motor to semitendinosus and semimembranosus mm., long head of biceps femoris m., adductor magnus m. gastrocnemius m., soleus m., plantaris m.;, popliteus m., tibialis posterior m., flexor digitorum longus m., flexor hallucis longus m., foot drop 60. Cut the femoral nerve no kick the door – extension of the knee or since L 2,3,4 is also the obturator no adduction 61. Dermatomes of the hand: C 6, C7, C8 lateral to medial dermatomes of the foot: L4, L5, S1 – medial to lateral 62. Corpora quadrigemina consists of the superior and inferior colliculi. Superior are responsible for sight reflexes, inferior for hearing reflexes.