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NAMT Blasd ':: 'i: Composition of Blood 1. What is the blood volume of an average-size adult male? 2. What determines whether blood is bright red or a dull 5:d liters 6riry-r"6t An average adult female? 4*J liters lts degree of oxJ?enation. The more,ox"vgen it carties, the brighter recl it is 3. Use the key to identify the cell type(s) or blood elements thal Key: a. b. c. d. e. f. red blood cell megakaryocyte eosinophil f : neutrcphil 1. llost t: d.; basophil aosinonhil flt the following descriptive statements. g. h. i. basophil monoc,,te neutrophil lymphocyte fbrmed elements plasma numerous leukoc].te and t': neutophil 2. granulocytes a: 3. also called an erythroclte; anucleate formed element red hlood ce{l e : mon o(:\)rc f: ncurroolit 4. actively phagocytic leukocy.tes a ; monoc z: lymolncyte 5. agranulocytes h: meg*lut 6. ancestral cell ofplatelets h: formed clements 7. (a) through (g) are all examples ofthese c: eosinophil 8. number rises during parasite intbctions d: basophil 9. releases histamine; promotes intlammation $; llmphor,yte a: red hlood i: plasma 12. primarily water, noncellulac the t'luid nratrix of blood ; fi{1110L 13. increases in tumber during prolouged infections e y"le rcll I0. rnany forme d in lyrnphoid tissue i1. transports oxygen t; eosinopltil d: basophil t'; neutrophil g; lymphot\;te e: moflocyte 14. also called white blood cells Review Sheet -+- 29a 245 I 4. List four classes ofnutrient$ normally found in plasfia lipids (fany amino acids atids) Name two gases. Name three 5. 100-120 doys. When Z ordeinl atd ofttrc plasru you obcerved in the labolsloty. tt{*ficq') Viscous and stickv: sta$''colored life span of a red blood cell? How does its anucleate condition affect this life span? tlu RBC's ATP resenes luve hcen exhaasted, the membrane begins to fragmeu. Without DNA to direct From rrmory describe the structural characteristics of each of tbe following blood oell tJpes nde the peroentage ofeach in the total white blood cell population. neutmphils: Pale pinkcytoplasmwith fine *ranules; nucleas I or bilobed dutleus: as accurately as possible, and l-4% ofWBC. is rutbilobed and stains deep purple;40-709c ofWBC. I lyrnphocyies: Snalt cell with basophils: Snarse dark bluc sparse pale bluo cytoplasm and darkpurplc-stainine sphericol nu:leus; c*oolasmic wanulcs: larpe U-shaoed nucbus which stains dorkblue: 204596 of llBC. O.59c or less of WBC. monocytes: Abuttfunt gray-bhe cytoplasm, dark blue-purpte nacleus (ofien kidney-slaped): 4-8% ofWBC t. Correctly identify the blood pathologies described in column A by marching tbem with selections from column B: Column A 2fi n*NA svnthcsis. needed enzvrnes cannot be made eosinophils: large, red-staininx cttoqlasmic pranukt; fisure + c.arbon dioxide (nitrogen) ct- ions. i/a* is the average (therefore - and _!!!@! a16 Describe tlrc consistency and color 6. What st gdr (e.g' glucose) Column B b; leukot:ytosis l. abnonnal increase in number of WBCs a. anemia d: polvcythemia 2. abnomul incrcase in tlrc number of RBCs b. leukocytosis a; anemru 3. condition of too few RBCs or of RBCs hemoglobin defi ciā¬ncies with c, leukopenia c: 4. d. polycytlrcmia leukopenia abnormal decrease in the number of WBCs heviery,rSheet2ga tle Hematologlc Telts 9. Broadly speaking, why are hematologie studies of blood so important in the diagnosis of disease? Specilic clanges from the normal numhersltJpes of.fotmrd elements andlor plasma constituents are charaderistic of certain disaue slates 10. In the chart below, record information from the blood tests you read about or conducted. Complete the chart by recording values for healthy male adults and indicating the significance of high or low values for each test. High Slgnlficance Low values values decreased body pralection; mdy Total WBC count irulicate clremical to-ticiN, Total RBC count T -1- Hematocrit 42-52 volume 9c aflemu (particularly iron deficiency anemial l Bleeding time 2-7 min (lvy) A-5 min (Duke) abnormally shaped RBCs, pol-vcythemia, and others Sedimentation rate Coagulation time 11. Why is a differcntial WBC count more valuable than a total WBC count when trying to pin down the specific source of palhoysgyT A differentidl count determines the relative percent of each type of WBC . lncrcases or decreases in spet:iffu WBC popilations are olten indicui,e (diagnostit:) of specirtc patlwlo*ies. Revierav Sheet 29a 247 12. What name is given to the process of RBC produclion? Et'Jthropoiesis What hormone acts as il slimulus lbr this process't ErJthronietin Thekidneysproduceerltln'opoietinundercondirionsoflou' Whatorganpmvidesthisstimulusandunderwhatconditions't tension in the blood. 13. Discuss the effect ofeach of the following facton ou RBC count. Consult an appropriate reference as necerisary and explain your reasoning. long+erm effect of athletic training (for exarnple, running 4 to 5 miles per day over a period of six to nine months) lncreoses the RBC count. An athlcta lus relatiwly large mxs<:le mass and needs an efftcient oxlgen deliver! to the muscles $'lten thet- are working a permanent move from sea level to a high-altitude area lnL:reased RBC count.The air is thinnar at ltish abitudes and contains less Or.Thc hodv compensates bv producing more RBCs sc that the same relatirc amount ofO> <'an be picked up and transnortcd by the bloo<l. 14. Define hematocl.iy. Pac*ed ccll volnme; yolnme plrcent 15. oJ RBCs in 100 mt ofblood. If you had a high hematocrit. would you expect your hemoglobin determination to Why? be high or low? H/gi - Assuming the RBCs lnve a normal hemoglobin content, tlte higher the RBC volume, the higher the hemoglobin dctermination. A substance tlut inhibits hlood tlottinp Name two anticoagulants used in conducting the hematologic tests. Heryrin (in <:afillart- tubes) a14 sodium citrate What is the body's narural anlicoagulant? Hcparin 17. If your blood clumped with both anti-A and anti-B sera, your ABO blood type would be AB To what ABO blood groups could you give blood? AB From which ABO donor types could you receive blood? A, B, AB, O Which ABO blood type is most common? O 18. What blood type is theoretically considered the universal donor? 28 I I 16. What is an anticoagulant? on the I -tfr Y rcll membrane, redut ing tlrc t lruru:o ofa transfusion reat'trcn. Review Sheet 29a Least common? o_ why? /B Tltcsc RBCs havc no A, B or Rlt 20. Explain why an Rh-rcgative perrcn does not have a transfusion reaction oo the have a reaction on the second exposure. There are no oreformcd ami-Rh first exposure to Rh-positive blood but does omibdies in hislher blod. Awibdies sre formed after the first exposure to Rh+ bl@d. What happens when an ABO blood type is mismatched for the first time2 A transfision rea$ian occurs the fint and etery time. 21. Record your observations ofthe five demonstration slides viewed. a- Macrocytic hypochromic anemi3.. b. Microcytic hypochromic anemi a; -RBct o'e c, Siclde-cell a11sn;a. d. Lymphocytic leukemia (chmnic) e. Eosinophilia: Which of slides a RBCs sre l4r8e and Pale' t'"tl oil pob. RBCs are crescent slsped. : Lar*e nwnber etf srutll abnormal lvmphtxvtes lncreased nwnfur of eosinoohils, through e above corresponds withthe follo'wing conditions? l. irondeficient diet 44. lack of vitamin B12 2. afyrf,,, of bone marrow cancer e5. a tapeworm infestation in the body 3, genetic defect that causes hemoglobin to become sharp/spiky b6. a bleeding ulcer 22. Provide the normal, or al least "desirable," range for plasma cholegerol colcentrzrtron: 130-2N mg/100nrl the relarionship between high lacks, and strckes. 2il. Desctibe LDL lepcts fawr cholesterol ilood cholesterol Ievels and cardiovascular dissases such which, in turn: (l ) uprake and blood flow to nore distal tissues, arul (2) incteqsiJbl!143i-!!v@ tension. Attachetl thrombi or dctathedthrombi (enbotil oo'o*'*"ouut 'l n'ot a as hypertension' heart at- natow the vessel, ins of blood vcssels is one cause