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Muscles of the Trunk
The trunk muscles are involved in:
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forming the ______________ of the abdominal body wall
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_____________________________________________ (extension and flexion)
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moving the ribs, head, and arms
Anterior Muscles
Pectoralis Major
A large fan-shaped muscle covering the _______________________________________ _____________.
Originates at the clavicle and first 6 ribs.
Attaches at the proximal end of the ___________________.
Functions: _______________________________and ______________ of the arm
Intercostal Muscles
Deep muscles found between the ribs.
There are 2 types:
1. External intercostals which help ________________________________ for breathing in air.
2. Internal intercostals which __________________________________________ and helps move air
out of the lungs _____________________________________forcibly.
Muscles of the Abdominal Girdle
Are made up of:
rectus abdominus, external obliques, internal obliques, transverse abdominus
Form a natural “girdle” that _______________________________________.
The muscles run in different directions forming an especially _____________________________________
Rectus Abdominus
The ______________________________ muscle set.
Runs in pairs from the pubis to the lower ribs.
The main function is to ___________ the vertebral column.
They also:
 compress the abdomen during ______________________
 compress the abdomen during ______________________
External Obliques
Paired superficial muscles that make up the lateral walls of the abdomen.
Their fibers run __________________ and _______________from the lower ribs and insert into the iliac
crest.
They function to:
 _________ the vertebral column
 _________________ the trunk
Internal Obliques
 Paired muscles found deep to the external obliques.
 The fibers run _______________________ and ____________________ from the last 3 ribs to the iliac
crest.
 Their function is the same as those of the external obliques.
Transverse Abdominis
 The deepest muscle of the abdomen.
 Has fibers that run horizontally ____________________________________________.
 This muscle _______________________ the abdominal contents.
Posterior Muscles
Trapezius
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The most superficial muscles of the posterior ____________ and _____________________________.
The left and right side together form a diamond or __________________________ muscle mass.
They originate at the occipital bone and the vertebrae and they run laterally to the scapula and clavicle.
They ___________________, ___________________, ___________________ and generally move the
scapula.
Latissimus Dorsi
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The large, flat muscle pair that ________________________________________________.
It stretches from the lower spine and ilium and inserts into the proximal end of the __________________.
It functions to _________________, hyper-extend, and _______________________________________.
Erector Spinae
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The paired deep muscles found __________________________ either side of the __________________
____________________.
Is made up of 3 muscles:
Iliocostalis (from the ilium to the ribs)
Longissimus (the longest one
Spinalis (the one closest to the spine)
Function as ______________________________.
Deltoid
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Fleshy, _______________________________ muscle that form the rounded shape of the shoulders.
They run from the shoulder girdle to the proximal humerus
The primary function is _______________________________.
Muscles of the Upper Limbs
These muscles fall into 3 groups:
1. The muscles that move across the _________________ and insert into the humerus (we’ve already
mentioned these).
2. The muscles that cause movement at the ____________________________.
3. The muscles that cause flexion and extension of the ________________ and fingers
Biceps Brachii
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The best known arm muscle, it _________________________________________________________.
Has _________________ that originate at the shoulder girdle and it inserts at the proximal radius.
The primary function is________________, but it also ________________ the forearm.
Brachialis
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This muscle ______________________ to the biceps muscle.
It _______________________________________________.
Brachioradialis
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A weak muscle that arises from________________________ and inserts into the distal ______________
It _____________ the semi-pronated and semi-supinated forearm at the elbow.
Triceps Brachii
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The only muscle on the __________________________________________________________.
It has 3 parts that arise from the shoulder girdle and the proximal humerus and it inserts into the
olecranon process of the ulna.
The ______________________________________ by being the antagonist of the biceps brachii.
Muscles of Lower Limbs
These muscles act on the lower limb and cause movement at:
 __________
 __________
 _______________________
Are specialized for walking and balance
Muscles that Move the Hip
Gluteus Maximus
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A ___________________ muscle of _________________
Forms the _________________________ of the ___________________
Originate at sacrum and ilium inserts into femur
Functions as an extensor __________________________________________________________with
the pelvis
Not very important for walking, more important for jumping, _________________________, and climbing
hills or stairs.
Gluteus Medius
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Runs from the iliac crest to the femur _____________________________________________________.
Functions as ___________________________ and is important in steadying the pelvis during walking.
Adductor Muscles
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These muscles _________________________________________________ side of the each thigh.
They originate on the pelvis and insert on the proximal femur.
Their main function is _______________________________________________________________.
Because they do not work against gravity, they are likely to become flabby easily.
Muscles that Move the Knee
Hamstring Group
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A group of 3 muscles that _________________________________________________________.
Consists of the:
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
semitendinosus
They originate on the ischium and insert at the proximal tibia.
Main function is to ____________________________
Sartorius
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The most superficial muscle of the thigh.
It ____________________________________________ from the anterior iliac crest to the medial side of
the tibia.
The primary function is to _________________________________.
Quadriceps Group
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A group of muscles that makes up the _______________________________________________
Consists of _____________________:
3. Rectus femoris
4. Vastus lateralis
5. Vastus medialis
6. Vastus intermedius
The rectus femoris originates at the pelvis and the vastus muscles originate at the proximal femur. All
muscles insert into the tibial tuberosity.
Functions to _____________________________________________________________
Muscles that Move the Foot
Tibialis Anterior
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A superficial muscle on the anterior leg.
Runs _______________________________________________from the proximal tibia and inserts via
tendons to the tarsal bones.
Functions to _________________ and ______________the foot and _________________________.
Extensor Digitorum Longus
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A smaller muscle that _________________________________________________________.
It arises from the lateral tibial condyle and it inserts into phalanges of toes 2-5.
It functions to ________________________________ and ___________________ the foot.
Fibularis Muscles
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A group of muscles ______________________________________________________________.
Consists of:
Fibularis Longus
Fibularis Brevis
Fibularis Tertius
The function is ______________________________and eversion of the foot.
Gastrocnemius
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A 2 – bellied muscle that ______________________________________ of the posterior leg.
Each of the heads arises from each side of the distal femur and they join and insert by the calcaneal
(Achilles) tendon into the heel of the foot.
The main function is ____________________________.
Soleus
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A fleshy muscle that lies _____________________________________________.
It arises on the proximal tibia and inserts at the heel.
It ________________________________________________.
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Psoas minor
Iliopsoas
iliacus
Psoas major
Adductor
magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis