Download Unit 12 and 13 Practice Test A

Unit 12&13 Practice Test A
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. According to the medical model, psychological disorders are
a. sicknesses that need to be diagnosed and cured.
b. maladaptive responses to a troubling environment.
c. purely imaginary symptoms of distress.
d. learned habits that need to be extinguished.
e. unhealthy patterns of cognition.
____
2. It is most helpful to use ________ for explaining why certain psychological disorders occur only in
particular cultures.
a. the psychoanalytic perspective
b. the medical model
c. a biopsychosocial approach
d. DSM-IV-TR
e. linkage analysis
____
3. One facet of the positive psychology movement has been the introduction of a classification system
designed to aid in the process of
a. assessing human strengths.
b. explaining psychological disorders.
c. reducing current reliance on the DSM-IV-TR.
d. shortening the time it takes to classify psychological disorders.
e. researching the causes of the major psychological disorders.
____
4. Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of
a. bipolar disorder.
b. an anxiety disorder.
c. catatonia.
d. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
e. a mood disorder.
____
5. Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment. The
thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so she has her groceries
delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a freelance writer, working at home. Sadie's
behavior is most characteristic of
a. dissociative disorder.
b. agoraphobia.
c. generalized anxiety disorder.
d. an antisocial personality disorder.
e. an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
____
6. Phobias are most likely to be characterized by
a. a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.
b. offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy the person.
c. the misinterpretation of normal physical sensations as signs of a disease.
d. a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system
arousal.
e. alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.
____
7. A person who has agoraphobia is most likely to
a. avoid dust and dirt.
b. stay away from fire.
c. avoid household pets.
d. stay close to home.
e. avoid authority figures.
____
8. The billionaire aviator Howard Hughes insisted that his assistants carry out elaborate hand-washing
rituals and wear white gloves when handling any document he would later touch. His behavior best
illustrated the symptoms of
a. antisocial personality disorder.
b. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c. bipolar disorder.
d. schizophrenia.
e. dissociative identity disorder.
____
9. Obsessions are
a. persistent, irrational fears of specific objects or situations.
b. hyperactive, wildly optimistic states of emotion.
c. false beliefs of persecution or grandeur.
d. periodic episodes of intense dread accompanied by frightening physical sensations.
e. offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.
____ 10. Repeated distressing dreams and intrusive memories of an intensely fearful and life-threatening
experience are symptoms most commonly associated with
a. panic disorder.
b. agoraphobia.
c. generalized anxiety disorder.
d. post-traumatic stress disorder.
e. dysthymia.
____ 11. Some psychologists believe that due partly to a broader definition of trauma, mental health
professionals have been overdiagnosing
a. panic disorder.
b. PTSD.
c. OCD.
d. schizophrenia.
e. bipolar disorder.
____ 12. Positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging life crises
demonstrate
a. dissociation.
b. linkage analysis.
c. post-traumatic growth.
d. the medical model.
e. hypochondriasis.
____ 13. As infants become mobile and experience falls, they become increasingly afraid of heights. This best
illustrates the impact of ________ on fear.
a. linkage analysis
b. observational learning
c. classical conditioning
d. post-traumatic growth
e. generalized anxiety
____ 14. Learning theorists have suggested that compulsive behaviors are
a. habitual defenses against unconscious impulses.
b. reinforced by anxiety reduction.
c. classically conditioned habits.
d. unconditioned responses to stress.
e. learned through cultural stereotypes.
____ 15. Some studies suggest that an anxiety gene affects the brain's level of the neurotransmitter
a. dopamine.
b. serotonin.
c. epinephrine.
d. acetylcholine.
e. testosterone.
____ 16. Saul frequently feels like he has a lump in his throat that makes it difficult for him to speak or
swallow. Medical examinations, however, indicate that there is no apparent physical cause for these
symptoms. Saul appears to be suffering from a
a. generalized anxiety disorder.
b. dissociative disorder.
c. somatoform disorder.
d. mood disorder.
e. anxiety disorder.
____ 17. During a stressful military battle, Fong suddenly went blind. When hypnotized by an army
psychiatrist, his blindness vanished. Fong apparently suffered from a
a. dissociative disorder.
b. conversion disorder.
c. generalized anxiety disorder.
d. bipolar disorder.
e. post-traumatic stress disorder.
____ 18. Disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity are most characteristic of ________
disorders.
a. bipolar
b. obsessive-compulsive
c. personality
d. generalized anxiety
e. dissociative
____ 19. Evidence that dissociative identity disorder is not simply a product of conscious role-playing is most
clearly provided by the
a. periodic intervals during which patients with this disorder become violent.
b. distinct brain and body states associated with differing personalities.
c. inability of psychiatric experts to hypnotize patients with this disorder.
d. dramatic increase in reported cases of this disorder during the past 40 or so years.
e. overwhelming evidence for genetic predispositions related to dissociation.
____ 20. Major depressive disorder is said to occur when signs of depression last at least
a. one week.
b. two weeks.
c. two months.
d. four months.
e. one year.
____ 21. A major depressive disorder is most likely to be characterized by
a. delusions of persecution.
b. a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness.
c. alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.
d. a persistent irrational fear of other people.
e. feelings of personal worthlessness.
____ 22. Mania is most likely to be characterized by feelings of
a. guilt.
b. fear.
c. ambivalence.
d. optimism.
e. indifference.
____ 23. Gender differences in depression are LEAST noticeable among
a. preschool children.
b. preadolescent children.
c. teen children.
d. young adults.
e. older adults.
____ 24. Stressful life events like the loss of a job are most likely to increase one's risk of
a. schizophrenia.
b. depression.
c. antisocial personality disorder.
d. social phobia.
e. bipolar disorder.
____ 25. According to the psychoanalytic perspective, depression results from
a. the internalization of anger.
b. learned helplessness.
c. self-defeating attributions.
d. anxiety disorders.
e. personality disorders.
____ 26. Laura's husband died three years ago, but she is still depressed. Her therapist suggests that she is
really angry at her husband for abandoning her. The therapist's interpretation reflects the ________
perspective.
a. social-cognitive
b. humanistic
c. psychoanalytic
d. learning
e. biological
____ 27. The risk of suicide is greatest when people
a. anticipate the onset of a depressive episode.
b. experience the first symptoms of a depressive episode.
c. experience depressive symptoms at their most extreme levels of severity.
d. begin to rebound from their depression.
e. transition from a manic phase to a depressive phase.
____ 28. By boosting serotonin, antidepressant drugs stimulate the growth of neurons in the
a. cerebellum.
b. hippocampus.
c. reticular formation.
d. sympathetic nervous system.
e. medulla.
____ 29. Internal, stable, and global explanations of one's own failures are indicative of
a. optimism.
b. extraversion.
c. pessimism.
d. introversion.
e. psychosis.
____ 30. Research suggests that women are more vulnerable to depression than men because women are more
likely to respond to negative life events with self-focused rumination. This suggestion best illustrates
a ________ perspective.
a. humanistic
b. biological
c. psychoanalytic
d. social-cognitive
e. medical
____ 31. One difficulty with a purely attributional explanation of depression is that negative attributions
a. have little effect on people's feelings of self-worth.
b. are more characteristic of men than of women.
c. may be a consequence rather than a cause of depression.
d. do not coincide with actual episodes of depression.
e. are more clearly associated with mania than with depression.
____ 32. Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being
imprisoned against his will in the mental hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment.
Jabar is most likely suffering from
a. an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
b. schizophrenia.
c. a panic disorder.
d. a dissociative identity disorder.
e. conversion disorder.
____ 33. Symptoms of withdrawal following the disappearance of hallucinations and delusions are most
indicative of ________ schizophrenia.
a. disorganized
b. residual
c. paranoid
d. catatonic
e. somatoform
____ 34. People are more likely to recover from ________ schizophrenia than from ________ schizophrenia.
a. acute; reactive
b. paranoid; disorganized
c. chronic; acute
d. reactive; process
e. disorganized; paranoid
____ 35. Drugs that interfere with glutamate receptors would be most likely to produce
a. hallucinations.
b. delusions.
c. flat affect.
d. inappropriate laughter.
e. paranoia.
____ 36. A PET scan study of people with ________ found increased activity in the amygdala.
a. mania
b. paranoia
c. catatonia
d. antisocial personality disorder
e. depression
____ 37. People born in ________ during the month of ________ are at increased risk for schizophrenia.
a. North America; February
b. Asia; September
c. Australia; February
d. Europe; September
e. South America; February
____ 38. People born in ________ during the month of ________ are at increased risk for schizophrenia.
a. the United States; September
b.
c.
d.
e.
Argentina; February
Australia; September
South Africa; February
Paris; September
____ 39. A short attention span is an early warning sign of
a. agoraphobia.
b. panic disorder.
c. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
d. schizophrenia.
e. antisocial personality disorder.
____ 40. One cluster of personality disorders marked by anxiety is exemplified by the ________ personality
disorder.
a. schizoid
b. antisocial
c. avoidant
d. catatonic
e. histrionic
____ 41. One cluster of personality disorders marked by noticeably odd or eccentric behavior is exemplified
by the ________ personality disorder.
a. avoidant
b. narcissistic
c. schizoid
d. histrionic
e. paranoid
____ 42. Those with a histrionic personality disorder are most likely to display
a. a lack of guilt feelings.
b. delusions of persecution.
c. apathy and lack of energy.
d. dramatic, attention-getting behaviors.
e. delusions and hallucinations.
____ 43. Those with a narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with
a. an irrational fear of people.
b. delusions of persecution.
c. physical symptoms of distress.
d. their own self-importance.
e. sexual fantasies.
____ 44. There is some evidence that a relatively low level of autonomic nervous system arousal may
contribute to
a. post-traumatic stress disorder.
b. phobias.
c. antisocial personality disorder.
d. dissociative disorders.
e. generalized anxiety disorder.
____ 45. Immigrants to the United States from Mexico are ________ likely to develop symptoms of a mental
illness than Mexican-Americans born in the United States. Immigrants to the United States from
Asia are ________ likely to develop symptoms of a mental illness than Asian-Americans born in the
United States.
a. more; less
b. equally; equally
c. more; more
d. equally; less
e. more; equally
____ 46. Schizophrenia is a disorder that is MOST likely to be treated with
a. biomedical therapies.
b. behavior therapies.
c. psychoanalysis.
d. cognitive therapies.
e. humanistic therapies.
____ 47. Therapists who seek to combine intervention strategies into a single coherent treatment system best
illustrate
a. interpersonal psychotherapy.
b. psychotherapy integration.
c. client-centered therapy.
d. behavior modification.
e. eclectic therapy.
____ 48. Mr. Choi's therapist wants to help him become aware of his conflicting childhood feelings of love
and hate for his parents. The therapist's goal best reflects a primary aim of
a. client-centered therapy.
b. cognitive therapy.
c. psychoanalysis.
d. systematic desensitization.
e. operant conditioning techniques.
____ 49. Free association involves the
a. expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships.
b. therapeutic interpretation of a client's unconscious conflicts.
c. repeated association of a relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.
d. uncensored reporting of any thoughts that come to mind.
e. replacement of a negative response to a harmless stimulus with a positive response.
____ 50. Psychoanalysts would suggest that resistance during therapy supports and maintains the process of
a. meta-analysis.
b. transference.
c. free association.
d. dream interpretation.
e. repression.
____ 51. Just as Austin began telling his therapist about a painful childhood experience, he complained of a
headache and abruptly ended the session. A psychoanalyst would most likely suggest that Austin's
behavior is an example of
a. fixation.
b. resistance.
c. transference.
d. counterconditioning.
e. tardive dyskinesia.
____ 52. During psychotherapy, Leon would begin to stutter whenever he began discussing personally
sensitive thoughts. Sigmund Freud would have been likely to interpret this stuttering as
a. neurogenesis.
b. tardive dyskinesia.
c. transference.
d. resistance.
e. latent.
____ 53. Psychoanalytic interpretation is designed to promote
a. transference.
b. meta-analysis.
c. systematic desensitization.
d. insight.
e. resilience.
____ 54. Psychoanalysts are most likely to view patient transference as
a. a symptom of depression.
b. a sign of healthy personality development.
c. a helpful aid to the process of therapy.
d. evidence that no further therapy is needed.
e. a conditioned response.
____ 55. Which form of therapy is most likely to be criticized for offering interpretations that cannot be
proven or disproven?
a. client-centered therapy
b. psychoanalysis
c. cognitive-behavioral therapy
d. systematic desensitization
e. psychopharmacology
____ 56. Psychoanalysts would be most likely to discourage patients from
a. experiencing strong positive or negative feelings for their therapist.
b. discontinuing psychotherapy whenever they felt it was no longer necessary.
c. talking about anxiety-arousing material during therapy.
d. taking antianxiety drugs during the course of psychotherapy.
e. focusing on the content and meaning of their dreams.
____ 57. In the United States, managed health care has severely limited the length of mental health services
that may be covered by insurance. This is particularly likely to discourage the widespread practice
of
a. virtual reality exposure therapy.
b. behavior modification.
c. cognitive therapies.
d. psychoanalysis.
e. psychopharmacology.
____ 58. Nate's past relationships with his mother, his former wife, and his previous employer have been
characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment. Helping Nate gain
insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern to a
a. behavior therapist.
b. biomedical therapist.
c. psychodynamic therapist.
d. humanistic therapist.
e. psychopharmacologist.
____ 59. Interpersonal therapy focuses primarily on helping people to
a. stop blaming themselves for their failures.
b. associate relaxation with stressful circumstances.
c. improve their relationship skills.
d. understand the origins of their conflicts.
e. reduce harmful levels of serotonin.
____ 60. Insight therapies aim to improve psychological functioning by
a. discouraging patients from using antidepressant drugs.
b. using progressive relaxation to reduce patients' anxiety.
c. increasing patients' awareness of their own motives and defenses.
d. using personality tests to accurately diagnose patients' difficulties.
e. using conditioning techniques to reduce the cognitive experience of anxiety.
____ 61. Humanistic therapists are likely to teach clients to
a. focus more on other people's feelings than on their own.
b. adapt more readily to social norms and expectations.
c. imitate the behavior of others who are happy and successful.
d. take more responsibility for their own feelings and actions.
e. substitute healthy rewards for unhealthy ones.
____ 62. Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on patients' discovering their own ways of
effectively dealing with their difficulties?
a. psychoanalysis
b. cognitive therapy
c. systematic desensitization
d. client-centered therapy
e. meta-analysis
____ 63. Carl Rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgmental attitude as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
active listening.
free association.
unconditional positive regard.
positive reinforcement.
resilience.
____ 64. Cindy suggested that her nail biting might be a symptom of unconscious resentment toward her
parents. Her therapist chuckled and said, “No, Cindy, your problem isn't unconscious hostility; your
problem is nail biting.” Cindy's therapist sounds most like a ________ therapist.
a. behavior
b. humanistic
c. cognitive
d. psychoanalytic
e. insight
____ 65. Jonathan is afraid to ask a girl for a date, so his therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine
he is reaching for a telephone and then calling a potential date. The therapist's technique best
illustrates the process of
a. interpersonal therapy.
b. free association.
c. cognitive therapy.
d. aversive conditioning.
e. systematic desensitization.
____ 66. Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that ________ facilitates the elimination of fear.
a. the placebo effect
b. movement of the eyes
c. therapeutic touch
d. relaxation
e. active listening
____ 67. To treat nail biting, one can paint a patient's fingernails with a bitter-tasting nail polish. This
procedure best illustrates
a. free association.
b. light exposure therapy.
c. stress inoculation training.
d. aversive conditioning.
e. systematic desensitization.
____ 68. Therapists practice ________ by using positive reinforcers to reward closer and closer
approximations of a desired behavior.
a. free association
b. progressive relaxation
c. behavior modification
d. unconditional positive regard
e. insight therapy
____ 69. Proponents of behavior modification have suggested that institutionalized patients can be weaned
from ________ by shifting them to other rewards common to life outside an institution.
a. drug therapy
b. a token economy
c. the therapeutic alliance
d. a 12-step approach
e. exposure therapy
____ 70. Dylan is a second-year undergraduate who feels so incompetent that he believes his life is worthless
and hopeless. Dylan would profit the most from
a. Jones' counterconditioning.
b. Wolpe's systematic desensitization.
c. Beck's cognitive therapy.
d. Shapiro's EMDR.
e. Freud's psychoanalysis.
____ 71. To help Mrs. Otsuki lose weight, her therapist first attempted to assess whether her weight loss
might be personally threatening to her husband. The therapist's concern is most characteristic of a
a. eclectic therapist.
b. biomedical therapist.
c. client-centered therapist.
d. family therapist.
e. psychoanalyst.
____ 72. Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy indicates that:
a. clients are generally satisfied with the effectiveness of therapy.
b. clients' perceptions are the best evidence available for the effectiveness of therapy.
c. clients tend to underestimate how much they have improved as a result of therapy.
d. therapy is no more effective than talking to a friend.
e. therapy is perceived as less effective than drug treatments.
____ 73. Clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are often misleading because clients
a. typically underestimate how much they have improved as a result of therapy.
b. tend to focus on their behavioral changes rather than on changes in their attitudes
and emotions.
c. often need to convince themselves that they didn't waste their money on therapy.
d. are often angry about the time-consuming nature of therapy.
e. usually experience delusions about the true nature of their therapists and therapy.
____ 74. Therapists' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are likely to be misleading because
a. therapists typically minimize the seriousness of their clients' symptoms when
therapy begins.
b. clients typically emphasize their problems at the start of therapy and their well-
being at the end of therapy.
c. therapists typically blame their own therapeutic ineffectiveness on clients'
resistance.
d. clients tend to focus on their observable behavioral problems rather than on their
mental and emotional abilities.
e. therapists typically overestimate their clients' potential levels of adjustment.
____ 75. Students who receive unusually low scores on their first psychology test can reasonably anticipate
________ scores on their second psychology test.
a. even lower
b. equally low
c. the same
d. somewhat higher
e. very high
____ 76. Unusual ESP subjects who defy chance when first tested nearly always lose their “psychic powers”
when retested. This decline effect is best explained in terms of
a. rTMS.
b. progression relaxation.
c. regression toward the mean.
d. the placebo effect.
e. ECT
____ 77. Which of the following is most likely to contribute to inflated perceptions of the effectiveness of
psychotherapy?
a. meta-analysis
b. psychopharmacology
c. free association
d. regression toward the mean
e. the double-blind procedure
____ 78. In the 1950s, Hans Eysenck challenged the effectiveness of psychotherapy because it appeared to be
a. too expensive and time-consuming.
b. less beneficial than drug therapy.
c. helpful only for those with relatively mild disorders.
d. no more beneficial than no treatment at all.
e. helpful only to patients with biomedical disorders.
____ 79. The most convincing evidence for the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes from
a. studies of client satisfaction with the treatment received.
b. reports from therapists concerning their perceptions of client improvement.
c. meta-analyses of psychotherapeutic outcome studies.
d. the reactions of family and friends to those who have recently undergone
psychotherapeutic treatment.
e. case-study evidence from Freud and other prominent psychotherapists.
____ 80. Cognitive therapies have achieved especially favorable results in the treatment of
a. phobias.
b. depression.
c. compulsions.
d. bed-wetting.
e. schizophrenia.
____ 81. Which of the following has been demonstrated to provide relief for those who suffer from seasonal
affective disorder?
a. transference
b. EMDR
c. systematic desensitization
d. light exposure therapy
e. therapeutic touch
____ 82. Immigrants from Asia would most likely experience difficulty as clients of American
psychotherapists who emphasize the value of
a. marital fidelity.
b. individualism.
c. forgiveness.
d. humility.
e. collectivism.
____ 83. Dr. Miller prescribes drugs for the treatment of chronic depression, and she encourages rest and
relaxation training for clients suffering from excessive anxiety. It is most likely that Dr. Miller is a
a. clinical social worker.
b. interpersonal therapist.
c. cognitive therapist.
d. psychiatrist.
e. client-centered therapist.
____ 84. A physician who specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders is called a
a. psychoanalyst.
b. clinical psychologist.
c. behavioral neuroscientist.
d. cognitive therapist.
e. psychiatrist.
____ 85. The biomedical treatment most widely used today is
a. electroconvulsive therapy.
b. psychosurgery.
c. drug therapy.
d. rTMS.
e. systematic desensitization.
____ 86. Dr. Volz is a researcher who wants to distinguish between the direct effects of a new antianxiety
medication and effects arising from expectations of the drug's effectiveness. Dr. Volz is most likely
to use
a. the double-blind procedure.
b. meta-analysis.
c. EMDR.
d. virtual reality exposure therapy.
e. systematic desensitization.
____ 87. Antipsychotic drugs have proved helpful in the treatment of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
dissociative disorders.
schizophrenia.
depression.
anxiety disorders.
somatoform disorders.
____ 88. Which drugs appear to produce therapeutic effects by blocking receptor sites for dopamine?
a. antianxiety drugs
b. antidepressant drugs
c. antipsychotic drugs
d. mood-stabilizing drugs
e. SSRIs
____ 89. Tardive dyskinesia is often associated with long-term use of drugs that occupy certain ________
receptor sites.
a. serotonin
b. norepinephrine
c. acetylcholine
d. dopamine
e. endocrine
____ 90. Which drug sometimes helps patients exhibiting negative symptoms of schizophrenia such as apathy
and withdrawal?
a. Clozaril
b. Prozac
c. Xanax
d. lithium
e. Paxil
____ 91. Xanax would most likely be prescribed in order to help
a. Cynthia give up her irrational belief that her husband is a foreign government spy.
b. Cassius get rid of his suicidal thoughts and feelings of apathy and hopelessness.
c. Jerome overcome feelings of nervous apprehension and an inability to relax.
d. Bradan discontinue his habit of smoking more than three packs of cigarettes a day.
e. Martha channel her fearlessness in more productive directions.
____ 92. Selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors are frequently prescribed for the treatment of
a. tardive dyskinesia.
b. schizophrenia.
c. depression.
d. mania.
e. personality disorders.
____ 93. Cognitive therapy works, top-down, by changing thought processes. Antidepressant drugs work,
bottom-up, on the emotion-forming
a. brainstem.
b. cerebellum.
c. limbic system.
d. sensory cortex.
e. medulla.
____ 94. A natural return to a state of psychological health following an extended period of depression
illustrates
a. neurogenesis.
b. counterconditioning.
c. spontaneous recovery.
d. tardive dyskinesia.
e. transference.
____ 95. Mr. McCardle's excessive feelings of helplessness and despondency are periodically interrupted by
episodes in which he experiences extreme feelings of personal power and a grandiose optimism
about his future. Which drug would most likely be prescribed to alleviate his symptoms?
a. Valium
b. Thorazine
c. Xanax
d. lithium
e. Paxil
____ 96. Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from electroconvulsive therapy?
a. Mark, who feels so depressed that he recently tried to commit suicide
b. Mary, who suffers from amnesia and has lost her sense of identity
c. Jim, who experiences visual hallucinations and suffers from a delusion that enemy
spies are following him
d. Luke, who suffers from a compulsion to wash his hands at least once every 15
minutes
e. Sarah, who always feels the need to be the center of attention in any group setting
____ 97. Adelle's feelings of unhappiness, low self-esteem, and hopelessness have become so extreme that
she has attempted suicide. Which of the following treatments is likely to provide her with the
quickest relief from her misery?
a. electroconvulsive therapy
b. drug therapy
c. psychoanalysis
d. systematic desensitization
e. cognitive therapy
____ 98. Compared with ECT, rTMS is ________ likely to produce seizures and ________ likely to produce
memory loss.
a. just as; more
b. less; less
c. more; just as
d. less; more
e. just as; just as
____ 99. Treating the mind and body as independent entities seems especially inappropriate to those who take
a ________ approach to therapy.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
biopsychosocial
classical conditioning
psychoanalytic
client-centered
cognitive-behavioral
____ 100. Which approach would attempt to minimize psychological disorders by working to reduce the
incidence of child abuse and illiteracy in society?
a. biomedical therapy
b. counterconditioning
c. psychoanalysis
d. preventive mental health
e. token economy
Essay
1. The diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders involves concepts and research from other
areas of psychology. In this way, the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders is an
example of applied psychology. Identify some of the symptoms of the psychological disorders listed
below and explain how the accompanying concept relates to the symptoms or treatment of the
disorder.
• Dissociative identity disorder (DID): constructive memory
• Major depressive disorder: mood- congruent memory
• Schizophrenia: dopamine hypothesis
• Antisocial personality disorder: autonomic nervous system
Unit 12&13 Practice Test A
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Page 564 | Section- Abnormal Psychology
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Page 596 | Section- Abnormal Psychology
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Page 599 | Section- Abnormal Psychology
Page 605 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Page 606 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Page 629 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Page 638 | Section- Treatment of Psychological Disorders
ESSAY
1. ANS:
Point 1: Dissociative identity disorder (DID): Students should identify the main symptom of DID as
the expression of two or more distinct identities that alternately control the person's behavior.
Point 2: Constructive memory: Students should explain that some psychologists are concerned that
constuctive memory may play a role in the increasing rates of DID diagnoses. Some research
indicates that therapists who ask leading questions may contribute to patients constructing false
memories (often of childhood trauma), eventually leading to a DID diagnosis.
Point 3: Major depressive disorder: Students should identify the main symptoms of depression as
depressed moods, lethargy, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest in social groups that last
two or more weeks.
Point 4: Mood-congruent memory: Students should explain that mood-congruent memory may
contribute to depression (and/or complicate treatment). Since mood-congruent memory predicts that
memories encoded during a certain mood are more easily recalled when we are in that mood again,
depressed inviduals are more likely to remember depressing events, which may contribute to the
depression and complicate talk therapy.
Point 5: Schizophrenia: Students should identify the main symptom of schizophrenia as delusions
(false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur) and/or hallucinations (perceiving sensations that do
not exist).
Point 6: Dopamine hypothesis: Students should explain that schizophrenia is associated with an
excess of receptors for dopamine, and that the brain activity associated with excess dopamine
reactions is related to positive symptoms of schizophrenia (e.g., hallucinations, delusions, and
paranoia).
Point 7: Antisocial personality disorder: Students should identify the main symptom of antisocial
personality disorder as a lack of conscience, (which contributes to antisocial behaviors such as lying,
stealing, fighting, and sexual promiscuity).
Point 8: Autonomic nervous system: Students should explain that individuals diagnosed with
antisocial personality disorder show little, or no physiological reaction to aversive events, such as
electric shocks or loud noises. This lack of arousal may lead these people toward fearless behaviors
(which may lead them into criminal activity).
REF: Section- Abnormal Psychology