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The Skeletal System Vocabulary • Skeletal System: A system made up of bones, joints, and connective tissue. • Cartilage: Flexible tissue that provides cushioning at your joints. • Joint: Points at which bones meet. • Ligament: Strong cords of tissue that connect bone to bone at joints. • Tendon: Tough bands of tissue that attach muscle to bone. Jobs of Bones • Movement: Bones provide attachment points for muscles. The body moves when a muscle pulls on a bone. • Support: Your backbone is made up of 24 bones called…vertebrae. The backbone supports your upper body and head. • Protection: – Cranium: Protects your brain – Ribs and Sternum: Protect your lungs and heart – Pelvis: Protects and supports your internal organs – Spinal Column: Protects your spinal cord. Jobs of Bones • Blood Cell Formation: Red and white blood cells are formed by a tissue called marrow which is located in the center of your long bones. • Storage: Bones store minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus for later use by the body The Skeleton Skull / Cranium Clavicle Rib Cage Sternum Humerus Vertebrae Coccyx Ulna Radius Ilium Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Spongy Bone Blood Vessels Marrow Periosteum The Joints • Hinge: Only move in one direction – Elbow – Knee • Gliding: Allow bones to slide over each other – Wrists – Ankles • Pivot: Allows for bone rotation – Tibia & Fibula – Radius & Ulna – Neck & Skull • Ball & Socket: Can move in all directions – Hip – Shoulder Problems Problem Description Treatment / Prevention A break in the bone Bones are set into place and kept from moving usually in a cast Dislocation Bone coming out of it’s joint Bones are set back into place and kept from moving usually in a splint Sprain Swelling of a joint cause by overstretched ligaments Rest / restricted movement of the joint Arthritis Swelling and stiffness of the joints caused by wear and tear Pain relievers / antiinflammatory medication / replacement Fracture Problems Problem Description Treatment / Prevention Scoliosis Curvature of the spine Exercise if minor / braces or surgery for severe Osteomyelitis Bacterial infection of the bone Antibiotics Osteoporosis Bones become brittle due to lack Regular exercise / diet rich in calcium of calcium, protein, and hormones Osteoscarcoma Bone Cancer Chemotherapy / radiation