Download BIO 170 General Biology I

BIO 170 General Biology I
Spring 2013
Freeman
Lecture Exam 1
1) How many lecture exams are given in this course
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
2) You can make up a quiz in this class.
a. True
b. False
3) Which of these carries the same weight (is worth the same points) as one lecture exam
a. The quiz average
b. The mastering biology homework average
c. The demonstrate your knowledge assignment average
d. All of the above
4) All of the following are characteristics of life EXCEPT
a. Living organisms acquire and use energy
b. Living organisms are composed of cells
c. Living organism move
d. Living organisms replicate themselves
5) Which of the following statements is true about biological studies?
a. Hypotheses about biological questions often cannot be tested.
b. Hypotheses may be tested by a combination of observation, measurement, and
experimentation.
c. Hypotheses must be tested by carrying out experiments.
d. Hypotheses must be tested by making observations or measurements in a natural
environment.
6) Which cells have a nucleus
a. Prokaryotic cells
b. Eukaryotic cells
c. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
7) Which series depicts groups from most inclusive to least inclusive?
a. Phylum – Order – Class – Family
b. Order – Phylum – Class – Family
c. Family – Class – Order – Phylum
d. Phylum – Class – Order – Family
8) Which of the following is the correct depiction of the name for the American Robin (a
kind of bird)
a. Turdus migratorius
b. Turdus Migratorius
c. Turdus migratorius
d. Turdus migratorius
e. They are all acceptable
9) Which is true about a population
a. They can be dispersed over several continents
b. They may be composed of numerous species
c. They are alive at the same time
d. All of the above
10) Which of the following lends evidence for evolution
a. Fossils
b. Homology
c. Biogeography
d. Artificial selection
e. All of the above
11) There is a population of beetles that typically have black wings. A scientist studying
these beetles knows that their eggs hatch in early spring, the baby insects grow through
the late spring and summer, they lay eggs in the early fall, and die in the early winter.
Recently some beetles have been born with white wings. Early in life the black and white
winged beetles seem to be very similar in number of mating events, eggs laid, and
survival rates, but shortly after laying their eggs the white beetles die and there are only
black winged beetles during the late fall. Which of the following is a true statement about
the beetles?
a. White and black winged beetles have equal fitness
b. Black winged beetles have a higher fitness than white winged beetles
c. The number of baby white winged beetles will decrease in frequency over time.
d. White wings are an adaptation.
12) Which of the following is the best modern definition of evolution
a. Survival of the fittest
b. Change in allele frequencies in a population over time
c. Descent without modification
d. Inheritance of acquired characteristics
13) Do individuals change when natural selection occurs? Why or why not?
a. No. Individuals do not change because the population does not.
b. Yes. Individuals change because the population does.
c. Yes. Acquired characteristics produce adaptations.
d. No. Individuals do not change but the population does.
14) Evolution is occurring today
a. True
b. False
15) Darwin developed his theory of natural selection based on all the following observations
EXCEPT
a. Individuals vary in the traits they possess
b. Traits are heritable
c. Individuals produce enough offspring to replace themselves
d. Resources are limited
16) Fitness refers to
a. The number of offspring an individual leaves to the next generation
b. The strength on an individual
c. The health on an individual
d. All of the above
17) The similarity of the bone structure in a horses forelimb and a bat wing is an example of
a. Structural homology
b. Structural homoplasy
c. Developmental homology
d. Developmental homoplasy
18) Long necks make it easier for giraffes to reach leaves high on tress, while also making
them better fighters in “neck wrestling” contests. In both cases, which kind of selection
appears to have made giraffes the long-necked creatures they are today?
a. Directional selection
b. Disruptive selection
c. Stabilizing selection
19) Genetic drift __________.
a. Produces changes in allele frequencies that are not adaptive
b. Is most pronounced in large populations
c. Cannot occur if mating is random
d. Can lead to fixation of alleles only.
20) How do stabilizing and disruptive selection differ?
a. With stabilizing selection, the average phenotype for a trait does not change.
With disruptive selection, the average phenotype for a trait changes.
b. Stabilizing selection produces adaptation. Disruptive selection is non-adaptive.
c. Stabilizing selection reduces the amount of variation in a trait. Disruptive
selection increases the amount of variation in a trait.
d. With stabilizing selection, extreme individuals have high biological fitness. With
disruptive selection, extreme individuals have low biological fitness.
21) Knowing that there are 30% blue eyed individuals in the population and 70% brown eyed
individuals tells you the
a. Genotype ratio
b. Phenotype ratio
c. Allele ratio
d. Gene pool
22) Gene flow between populations ______.
a. Increases the differences between the populations.
b. Causes the populations to become more similar.
c. Either a or b could occur.
23) Mutation is the only creative force in evolution.
a. True
b. False
24) Refer to the picture to the right. Which of the
following forms a monophyletic group?
a. A, B, C, D
b. C and D
c. D, E, and F
d. E, F, and G
e. All of the above
25) There is an island in the middle of a large river that houses a large population of ants.
Damming of the river causes the island to flood and only the highest points of the island
are now above water. The ants cannot swim, so are now in multiple isolated populations.
Which of the following best describes this event?
a. Isolation by dispersal
b. Isolation by vicariance
c. A form of sympatric speciation
d. Speciation will not occur in this case because of gene flow
26) Natural selection for traits that keep distinct populations from reproducing with each
other is called reinforcement. When is reinforcement beneficial?
a. When prezygotic isolating mechanisms are in place
b. When the environment is changing
c. When gene flow is low
d. When hybrids have lower fitness than either parent population
e. Reinforcement is beneficial under all the above conditions
27) All of the following are prezygotic reproductive isolation mechanisms EXCEPT
a. Behavioral isolation
b. Temporal isolation
c. Mechanical isolation
d. Hybrid sterility
28) A gametic barrier refers to
a. Vicariance
b. Incompatibility between egg and sperm
c. Incompatibility between male and female reproductive morphology
d. Gametes maturing a different times
29) The morphospecies concept _________.
a. Can be applied to fossil species
b. Is used when the criterion of reproductive isolation cannot be applied
c. Relies on morphological similarity to determine evolutionary lineages
d. All of the above.
30) Which of the following statements about adaptive radiation is correct?
a. Adaptive radiation occurs within a single lineage.
b. Adaptive radiation occurs very slowly over time.
c. Adaptive radiation occurs in species that live in one habitat.
d. Adaptive radiation occurs in the presence of competitors.
31) Which statement is correct?
a. A synapomorphy is an ancestral trait.
b. Synapomorphies identify monophyletic groups.
c. Synapomorphies are examples of homoplasy.
d. All of the above.
32) In the diagram to the right, the arrow points to
a. A node
b. A tip
c. A branch
d. A lineage
33) Populations must be physically separated in order to evolve into separate species.
a. True
b. False
34) The phenetic approach to constructing phylogenies is based on
a. Identifying Synapomorphies between lineages
b. Overall similarity of lineages
c. Phenotypic ratios
d. All of the above
35) Endosymbiosis gave rise to
a. Mitochondria
b. Chloroplasts
c. Both a and b
36) Imagine there are 25 species of protists living
in a tide pool. Some of these species
reproduce both sexually and asexually, and
some of them can reproduce only asexually.
The pool gradually becomes infested with
disease-causing viruses and bacteria. Which
species are more likely to thrive in the
changing environment?
a. The sexually reproducing species
b. Cannot tell from this information –
survival will depend on a variety of
other factors
c. The asexually reproducing species
d. Sexually and asexually reproducing
species are equally likely to thrive.
37) Refer to the diagram to the right. Where on
the phylogenetic tree should the origin of a
nuclear envelope appear?
a. At the base of all Eukaryotes
b. At the base of the Plantae
c. At the base of the group Animals
d. At the base of the monophyletic group
Bikonta
38) A modified ancestral trait is referred to as
a. A homology
b. A homoplasy
c. A derived trait
d. A synapomorphy
39) Meiosis is characterized by _____ cells giving rise to _______ cells.
a. Diploid, diploid
b. Haploid, haploid
c. Diploid, haploid
d. Haploid, diploid
40) Protists are a __________ group.
a. Paraphyletic
b. Monophyletic
c. Polyphyletic
d. Synapomorphic
41) All protists are unicellular
a. True
b. False
42) Eukaryotes can be divided into 2 monophyletic lineages based on
a. Having a cell wall or not
b. Having one or two flagella
c. Having chloroplasts or not
d. Being multicellular or not
43) If you think of the tube-within-a-tube body plan as a pipe with a straw inside, where
would you expect to find most of the ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal germ
layers, respectively?
a. space inside of straw; straw; space between pipe and straw
b. pipe; space between pipe and straw; straw
c. straw; space between pipe and straw; pipe
d. pipe; straw; space inside of straw
44) What do biologists cite as the primary benefit of the evolution of a coelom in animals?
a. the subsequent evolution of segmentation
b. a more efficient digestive system, in the form of a tube-within-a-tube
c. the hydrostatic skeleton, allowing greater range of motion
d. cephalization and the formation of a cerebral ganglion
45) An organism that exhibits cephalization probably also _____.
a. Is bilaterally symmetrical
b. Has a hydrostatic skeleton
c. Is diploblastic
d. Has a coelom
e. All of the above
46) In deuterostomes the blastopore becomes the
a. Mouth
b. Anus
c. Coelom
d. Nervous system
47) The lineage known as animals are united by the following characteristic
a. Lack a cell wall
b. Multicellular
c. Have neurons
d. Heterotrophic
e. All of the above
48) Which embryologic tissue gives rise to the nervous system?
a. Ectoderm
b. Endoderm
c. Mesoderm
d. They all can give rise to nervous tissue.
49) A brain is
a. A ganglion
b. Composed of nervous tissue
c. Is located anteriorly
d. All of the above
50) The area of the animal body indicated in the picture below is
a. Anterior
b. Posterior
c. Dorsal
d. Ventral