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"AUTOMATIC 3 PHASE MOTOR PROTECTION USING PIC CONTROLLER AND FAULT DISPLAY ON MOBILE” Dip Vithlani Janak Dhedhi Govt. Engg. college,Gandhinagar [email protected] 9898329810 Govt. Eng g. college,Gandhinagar [email protected] 9979448282 Abstract—Protection of an induction motor (IM) against possible problems, such as over/under voltage, over/under current, single phasing occurring in the course of its operation is very important. IMs can be protected using components such as timers, contactors, voltage, and current relays , involving mechanical dynamic parts. Computer and programmable integrated circuit (PIC) based protection methods have eliminated most of the mechanical components. Due to these electrical faults,the winding of the motor get over heated which lead to insulation failure and thus reduce the life time of the motor. I. INTRODUCTION: The three-phase induction motors are used in many industrial applications due to their reliability, low cost and high performance. Whereas this popular ac motor performance is affected by following type of faults: Electrically related faults (33%): The faults come under this classification are over/under voltage, over load, phase reversing, unbalanced voltage, single phasing and earth fault. Mechanically related faults (32%): The rotor winding failure, stator winding failure and bearing faults are most occurring mechanical fault in three-phase induction machine. Environmentally related faults (15%): The external moisture, contamination and ambient temperature also affect the induction motor performance. The vibration of machine also affects the performance of induction machine under various operations. Electrical related faults are frequently occurring faults in three-phase induction machine which will produce more heat on both stator and rotor winding. This leads to reduce the life time of induction machine. This paper presents the behaviour of three-phase induction machine under the unbalanced supply voltage, single phasing and over load condition. In contrast to the conventional methods, the Simulink and Power System Block set of MATLAB is much easier to simulate the dynamic behavior of electrical faults than the traditional method. To protect the machine from more heating due to these electrical faults, a reliable protection scheme is to be applied. In the existing protection scheme, each and every individual faults require separate protective relay like earth fault relay and over current relay, etc. which will be more costly. To overcome this, a low cost, reliable, integrated protection scheme for three-phase induction motor is developed using PIC 18F4520 micro controller. Protection & Implementation: Electrical related faults are frequently occurring faults in three-phase induction machine which will produce more heat on both stator and rotor winding. This leads to reduce the life time of induction machine . This study presents the behavior of three-phase induction machine under the unbalanced supply voltage, single phasing and over load condition. To protect the machine from more heating due to these electrical faults, a reliable protection scheme is to be applied . In the existing protection scheme, each and every individual faults require separate protective relay like earth fault relay and over current relay, etc. which will be more costlier. To overcome this, a low cost, reliable, integrated protection scheme for three-phase induction motor is developed using PIC 18F4520 micro controller. The micro controller based motor protection system combines control, monitoring and protection function of induction motor from incipient faults in one assembly. The system does not require special sensors. Only conventional Current Transformers (CT) are used for monitoring line current and line voltage under running condition. The data gathered from Current Transformer (CT) and Potential is transferred to the micro controller digitally by passing through the current and voltage measuring circuits. The PIC 18F4520 micro controller having in build analog to digital (ADC) converter. The needed comparisons are made in micro controller according to limit values, which are earlier entered and when an unexpected situation is encountered, the motor is being stopped by means of the control signal. The system provides protection schemes for unbalanced supply voltage, over current/overload, phase reversing, single phasing, under/over voltage .The system works with any motor design with high degree of accuracy. The method is very sensitive, fast and detects faults while running and before start. The prototype model is developed and tested on a 3 phase induction motor with rated current of 5 A and the test results are satisfying the design criteria. Controlling and measuring unit sence input current and input voltage of 3 phase line and send this data to microcontroller. Microcontroller read this data and display on LCD according to input current and input voltage and also take decision if any fault is occur that time motor will stop and buzzer will ON and according to fault LED will glow. For setting over, under voltage and current range into memory we use KEY and ADC 7,8,9,10. II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION: A. Cause and Effects of Single Phasing Causes Open winding in motor, any open circuit in any phase anywhere between the secondary of the transformer and the motor, primary fuse open. Effects The effects of single phasing on three-phase motor vary with service conditions and motor thermal capacities. When single-phased, the motors temperature rise is greater than the increase in current. III. HARDWARE CONFIGURATION: A. CURRENT TRANSFORMER: B. Cause and Effects of Over/Under Voltage UnderVoltage The under voltage occurs when a reduced supply voltage with a rated mechanical load on the motor. Increased currents, excess heating of machine, Stator and Rotor losses increase. Over Voltage Any one of the line voltage is greater than 110% of rated value, over voltage fault occur. Harmful effects on machine insulation. C.Overcurrent Condition When there is increase in mechanical load on the motor beyond the rated value, the overload situation occurs. Due to high load torque, motor begins to draw more current. Increase in phase currents and overheating of machine. In the typical current transformer application, the primary winding consists of one to a few turns of wire. The primary wire size is much larger than the secondary wire size. The number of secondary winding turns is a selected multiple of the primary turn. B. PIC CONTROLLER: FEATURES: BLOCK DIAGRAM CPU Up to 10 MIPS Performance at 3V C compiler optimized RISC architecture 8x8 Single Cycle Hardware Multiply POWER SUPPLY LCD DISPLAY CT1 CT2 CT3 R Y ADC1 ADC2 MEASURING AND ADC3 CONTROLLING UNIT ADC4 Internal oscillator support-31 kHz to 8MHz with 4xPLL Fail-Safe Clock Monitor- allows safe shutdown if clock fails Watchdog Timer with separate RC oscillator Wide operating Voltage range; 2.0V to 5.5V LED INDICATION MICROCONTROLLER 3-PHASE MOTOR ON/OFF PIC 18F 4520 SYSTEM MEMORY ADC5 KEY ANALOG FEATURES ADC6 BUZZER B GSM MODULE ADC7 ADC8 ADC9 ADC10 10-bit ADC, 13 channels, 100K samples per second Programmable Low Voltage Detection Module Programmable Brown-out-Reset Module Two Analog Comparators multiplexing Parameter Name Value Program Memory Type Flash Program Memory (KB) 32 CPU Speed (MIPS) 10 RAM Bytes 1,536 Data EEPROM (bytes) 256 Digital Communication Peripherals 1-UART, 1A/E/USART, 1-SPI, 1-I2C1MSSP(SPI/I2C) Capture/Compare/PWM Peripherals 1 CCP, 1 ECCP Timers 1 x 8-bit, 3 x 16-bit ADC 13 ch, 10-bit Comparators 2 Temperature Range (C) -40 to 125 Operating Voltage Range (V) 2 to 5.5 Pin Count 40 IV.ADVANTAGES: motor. C.GSM MODULE: This means you can virtually be anywhere in the world and control your lights, heating, cooling, sprinklers, pool pump, security systems, etc. all from your mobile phone. In addition you can be advised of alarm violations or power outages and well as request a range of reports showing the status of different devices connected to the system. V. APPLICATIONS: • Pumps, Compressors • Grinders, Chippers • Conveyors, Shredders • Crushers, Mixers • Cranes, Extruders • Refiners, Chillers VI. CONCLUSION: This project leads to a new way of controlling , protection and monitoring the three phase motor. It is possible to get virtuous protection after completing this project. It is also energy efficient and reliable .So it is real intelligent technology for three phase motor. Here we could conclude that ―PARAMETRIC MONITORING OF 3-phase MOTOR USING PIC is more advantages as compared to the other monitoring method.This offers major benefit to both customer and companies in terms of efficiency, reliability, and cost saving and motor is fully protected. VII. REFERENCES: HomaGSM records up to 6 different individual GSM phone numbers. While a control command can be sent from any GSM phone, a report will only be sent back to one or all of the registered phone numbers in the system. Security is via a user selected password that must be located at the start of all SMS messages. The system supports alphanumeric passwords for up to 10 different users. 1) THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS. Muhammad Ali Mazidi | Janice GillispieMazidi | Rolin D. McKinlay. 2) MICROCONTROLLER : ARCHITECTURE ,PROGEAMMING & APPLICATION. Ayala ,Kenneth J. 2nd edPenram. 3) ELECTRICAL MACHINE DESIGN A.K. Sawney. 4) MICROPROCESSOR AND INTERFACING Gaoukar.