Download IEEE Paper Template in A4 (V1) - Academic Science,International

"AUTOMATIC 3 PHASE MOTOR
PROTECTION USING PIC CONTROLLER AND
FAULT DISPLAY ON MOBILE”
Dip Vithlani
Janak Dhedhi
Govt. Engg. college,Gandhinagar
[email protected]
9898329810
Govt. Eng g. college,Gandhinagar
[email protected]
9979448282
Abstract—Protection of an induction motor (IM) against possible
problems, such as over/under voltage, over/under current, single
phasing occurring in the course of its operation is very important.
IMs can be protected using components such as timers, contactors,
voltage, and current relays , involving mechanical dynamic parts.
Computer and programmable integrated circuit (PIC) based
protection methods have eliminated most of the mechanical
components.
Due to these electrical faults,the winding of the motor get over
heated which lead to insulation failure and thus reduce the life
time of the motor.
I. INTRODUCTION:
The three-phase induction motors are used in many
industrial applications due to their reliability, low cost and high
performance. Whereas this popular ac motor performance is affected
by following type of faults:
Electrically related faults (33%): The faults come under
this classification are over/under voltage, over load, phase reversing,
unbalanced voltage, single phasing and earth fault.
Mechanically related faults (32%): The rotor winding
failure, stator winding failure and bearing faults are most occurring
mechanical fault in three-phase induction machine.
Environmentally related faults (15%): The external
moisture, contamination and ambient temperature also affect the
induction motor performance. The vibration of machine also affects
the performance of induction machine under various operations.
Electrical related faults are frequently occurring faults in
three-phase induction machine which will produce more heat on both
stator and rotor winding. This leads to reduce the life time of
induction machine. This paper presents the behaviour of three-phase
induction machine under the unbalanced supply voltage, single
phasing and over load condition. In contrast to the conventional
methods, the Simulink and Power System Block set of MATLAB is
much easier to simulate the dynamic behavior of electrical faults than
the traditional method. To protect the machine from more heating
due to these electrical faults, a reliable protection scheme is to be
applied. In the existing protection scheme, each and every individual
faults require separate protective relay like earth fault relay and over
current relay, etc. which will be more costly. To overcome this, a low
cost, reliable, integrated protection scheme for three-phase induction
motor is developed using PIC 18F4520 micro controller.

Protection & Implementation:
Electrical related faults are frequently occurring faults in
three-phase induction machine which will produce more heat on both
stator and rotor winding. This leads to reduce the life time of
induction machine . This study presents the behavior of three-phase
induction machine under the unbalanced supply voltage, single
phasing and over load condition.
To protect the machine from more heating due to these electrical
faults, a reliable protection scheme is to be applied . In the existing
protection scheme, each and every individual faults require separate
protective relay like earth fault relay and over current relay, etc.
which will be more costlier. To overcome this, a low cost, reliable,
integrated protection scheme for three-phase induction motor is
developed using PIC 18F4520 micro controller.
The micro controller based motor protection system
combines control, monitoring and protection function of induction
motor from incipient faults in one assembly. The system does not
require special sensors. Only conventional Current Transformers
(CT) are used for monitoring line current and line voltage under
running condition. The data gathered from Current Transformer (CT)
and Potential is transferred to the micro controller digitally by
passing through the current and voltage measuring circuits. The PIC
18F4520 micro controller having in build analog to digital (ADC)
converter.
The needed comparisons are made in micro controller
according to limit values, which are earlier entered and when an
unexpected situation is encountered, the motor is being stopped by
means of the control signal. The system provides protection schemes
for unbalanced supply voltage, over current/overload, phase
reversing, single phasing, under/over voltage .The system works with
any motor design with high degree of accuracy. The method is very
sensitive, fast and detects faults while running and before start. The
prototype model is developed and tested on a 3 phase induction
motor with rated current of 5 A and the test results are satisfying the
design criteria.
Controlling and measuring unit sence input current and
input voltage of 3 phase line and send this data to microcontroller.
Microcontroller read this data and display on LCD according to input
current and input voltage and also take decision if any fault is occur
that time motor will stop and buzzer will ON and according to fault
LED will glow. For setting over, under voltage and current range into
memory we use KEY and ADC 7,8,9,10.
II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION:
A. Cause and Effects of Single Phasing
Causes
Open winding in motor, any open circuit in any phase anywhere
between the secondary of the transformer and the motor, primary
fuse open.
Effects
The effects of single phasing on three-phase motor vary with service
conditions and motor thermal capacities. When single-phased, the
motors temperature rise is greater than the increase in current.
III. HARDWARE CONFIGURATION:
A. CURRENT TRANSFORMER:
B. Cause and Effects of Over/Under Voltage
UnderVoltage
The under voltage occurs when a reduced supply voltage with a rated
mechanical
load
on
the
motor.
Increased currents, excess heating of machine, Stator and Rotor
losses increase.
Over Voltage
Any one of the line voltage is greater than 110% of rated value, over
voltage fault occur.
Harmful effects on machine insulation.
C.Overcurrent Condition
When there is increase in mechanical load on the motor beyond the
rated value, the overload situation occurs. Due to high load torque,
motor begins to draw more current.
Increase in phase currents and overheating of machine.
In the typical current transformer application, the primary
winding consists of one to a few turns of wire. The primary wire size
is much larger than the secondary wire size. The number of
secondary winding turns is a selected multiple of the primary turn.
B. PIC CONTROLLER:
FEATURES:

BLOCK DIAGRAM
CPU
Up to 10 MIPS Performance at 3V
C compiler optimized RISC architecture
8x8 Single Cycle Hardware Multiply
POWER
SUPPLY
LCD
DISPLAY
CT1
CT2
CT3
R
Y
ADC1
ADC2
MEASURING AND
ADC3
CONTROLLING
UNIT
ADC4

Internal oscillator support-31 kHz to 8MHz with 4xPLL
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor- allows safe shutdown if clock fails
Watchdog Timer with separate RC oscillator
Wide operating Voltage range; 2.0V to 5.5V
LED
INDICATION
MICROCONTROLLER
3-PHASE MOTOR
ON/OFF
PIC 18F
4520
SYSTEM
MEMORY
ADC5
KEY

ANALOG FEATURES
ADC6
BUZZER
B
GSM MODULE
ADC7
ADC8
ADC9
ADC10
10-bit ADC, 13 channels, 100K samples per second
Programmable Low Voltage Detection Module
Programmable Brown-out-Reset Module
Two Analog Comparators multiplexing
Parameter Name
Value
Program Memory Type
Flash
Program Memory (KB)
32
CPU Speed (MIPS)
10
RAM Bytes
1,536
Data EEPROM (bytes)
256
Digital Communication
Peripherals
1-UART, 1A/E/USART, 1-SPI,
1-I2C1MSSP(SPI/I2C)
Capture/Compare/PWM
Peripherals
1 CCP, 1 ECCP
Timers
1 x 8-bit, 3 x 16-bit
ADC
13 ch, 10-bit
Comparators
2
Temperature Range (C)
-40 to 125
Operating Voltage Range (V)
2 to 5.5
Pin Count
40
IV.ADVANTAGES:
motor.
C.GSM MODULE:
This means you can virtually be anywhere in the world and
control your lights, heating, cooling, sprinklers, pool pump,
security systems, etc. all from your mobile phone. In addition
you can be advised of alarm violations or power outages and
well as request a range of reports showing the status of different
devices connected to the system.
V. APPLICATIONS:
• Pumps, Compressors
• Grinders, Chippers
• Conveyors, Shredders
• Crushers, Mixers
• Cranes, Extruders
• Refiners, Chillers
VI. CONCLUSION:
This project leads to a new way of controlling ,
protection and monitoring the three phase motor. It is possible to get
virtuous protection after completing this project. It is also energy
efficient and reliable .So it is real intelligent technology for three
phase motor. Here we could conclude that ―PARAMETRIC
MONITORING OF 3-phase MOTOR USING PIC is more
advantages as compared to the other monitoring method.This offers
major benefit to both customer and companies in terms of efficiency,
reliability, and cost saving and motor is fully protected.
VII. REFERENCES:
HomaGSM records up to 6 different individual GSM phone
numbers. While a control command can be sent from any GSM
phone, a report will only be sent back to one or all of the
registered phone numbers in the system. Security is via a user
selected password that must be located at the start of all SMS
messages. The system supports alphanumeric passwords for up
to 10 different users.
1) THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS.
Muhammad Ali Mazidi | Janice GillispieMazidi | Rolin D. McKinlay.
2) MICROCONTROLLER : ARCHITECTURE ,PROGEAMMING
& APPLICATION.
Ayala ,Kenneth J. 2nd edPenram.
3) ELECTRICAL MACHINE DESIGN
A.K. Sawney.
4) MICROPROCESSOR AND INTERFACING
Gaoukar.