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Age of Exploration Exploration Quiz 1. List 2 reasons that people began to explore new areas. 2. True/False. One motive for exploration was religious zeal, people wanted to spread their religions to new areas. Vasco Da Gama Hernando Cortez Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Christopher Columbus Amerigo Vespucci Treaty of Tordesillas Francisco Pizarro Triangular Trade Route 3. ____ This explorer was the first to sail around the tip of Africa, to get to Asia. 4. ____ This involved the trade of rum, slaves, and manufactured goods between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. 5. ____ This treaty divided newly explored territories between Spain and Portugal. 6. ____ This man discovered South America, therefore the continents of North/South America are named in his honor. 7. ____ This conquistador conquered the Incas. 8. ____This explorer discovered the Bahamas and Hispaniola, although he thought that he had reached Asia. 9. ____ This caused the population of the Americas to rise, while causing the poulation of Africa to decline. 10. ____ This conquistador conquered the Aztecs. Means of Exploration Europeans had been attracted to Asia They wanted spices of the East Had hopes of finding precious metals Religious zeal New technology Reasons For Exploration In search for spices and profits Asia crusades = more interest in Asia The “White Mans Burden” [ the desire to spread Christianity ] Ability/need to use technology Mapmaking Navigation equipment New ships – Caravel Ships with triangular sails and pulleys The Rise of Portugal's Trading Empire Portugal began to trade in 1420. 1488 Bartholomew Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope (Africa) opening new trade routs Vasco da Gama leaves in May of 1498 sails around cape of Good Hope and brought back goods/spices. Admiral Afonso de Albuquerque sails into Melaka in search for the center of spice trade – it was found. In the Spice Islands a treaty was signed stating that the spice trade was in control of the Portuguese. Vasco Da Gama Vasco Da Gama sails around Africa (Cape of Good Hope) into the Indian Ocean and then into India. He sails in search of more spice trading ports Columbus An Italian who sails for Spain Three trips were financed by Ferdinand and Isabella Columbus thought the area he discovered was India but it was actually Hispanola Columbus’ Voyages to America Was not the first to discover America Founded the Bahamas in 1492 Columbus discovered Hispaniola in 1493; thought it was India. Columbus sailed to central America in 1502 Columbus’ Voyages [in order] Treaty of Tordesillas Signed at Tordesillas on June 7, 1494; Demarcation line east of Pope Alexander’s line Divided Europe into the Spanish and Portuguese Lands to the east = Portuguese and west = Spain John Cabot Sailed to Newfoundland, Cape Breton Island Explored Canadian coastline Worked to discover Northwest Passage Mapped North America coast line from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland Amerigo Vespucci Italian Sails for Spain and Portugal First to realize America was a separate continent from Asia Discovered the mouth of the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers in South America The Americas are named after him The Arrival of Spanish in Americas It took Hernando Cortes’ three years to take over Aztec Empire 1550 Spain gained control of Northern Mexico Francisco Pizarro took control of the Inca Empire Within thirty years the western part of Latin America was under Spanish control Conquistadors Spanish fortune hunters Hernando Cortes’ Destroyed Aztec empire Francisco Pizarro Destroys Inca civilization Columbian Exchange Eastern and Western Hemispheres began to trade. Began when Christopher Columbus made his first voyage to America A wide term used to explain the widespread exchange of plants, animals, foods, and human populations. Ferdinand Magellan Led his first exploration to circum navigate the globe Dies near Philippines but part of expedition survives Competition and Economic Impact Longed for Gold and Silver Colonists established plantations and ranches to raise sugar, cotton, vanilla, and livestock. Americas natural resources were shipped to Europe. Mercantilism Economic system based on favorable balance of trade export > imports. Country’s government should do all it could to increase nations wealth Measured by amount of gold and silver in its possession Wealth seen to be fixed on a world wide basis Only way to gain wealth was to take it from some other country Slave Trade Slave Trade – A explorer sails across the ocean to trade slaves fro other goods. Slave Trade began in 1452 Pope Nicholas V issued the papal bull Dum Diversas which allowed Afonso V of Portugal to begin slave trade. Middle Passage The forced transportation of African people from Africa to the new world. Middle portion of the Triangular Trade Route was as follows – Europe Africa Americas Back to Europe . . . etc. Triangular Trade Route A historical term indicating trade between 3 ports or regions. Involved exports and imports Exports – goods being shipped out Imports – goods being brought in Sugar, tobacco, and cotton to Europe. Textiles, rum, and manufactured goods to Africa. Slaves to the Americas. Effects of Slave Trade Brought Africans into the Americas Population grew in the Americas and shrank in Africa Because of more slaves more cotton was grown therefore more slaves were able to be traded. All countries/continents involved in the slave trade benefited because they were able to gain goods they did not possess before. New/ Changing Political Systems Political system - a system of politics and government. Southeast Asian states evolved into 4 types of monarchy Buddhist kings – chief form of government Javanese kings – rooted in the political traditions of India Islamic sultans – found in the Malay Peninsula Vietnamese emperors – followed the Chinese model Arrival of Europeans in Southeast Asia and the Islands 1511 the Europeans seized Melaka and Moluccas. Portuguese used to possess the Spice Islands [ Moluccas ] but they lacked the military and financial resources to gain the main areas back. They decided to set up small settlements on the coast that were used as trading posts Bureaucracy of the Era and the Effects of the Bureaucracy Bureaucracy – a body of nonselective government officials Made up of mainly aristocrats The people got mad Changed to absolutism