* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Antibiotics, Viruses, and Prions
Survey
Document related concepts
Unique properties of hyperthermophilic archaea wikipedia , lookup
Lyme disease microbiology wikipedia , lookup
Phage therapy wikipedia , lookup
Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae wikipedia , lookup
Clostridium difficile infection wikipedia , lookup
Bacteriophage wikipedia , lookup
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth wikipedia , lookup
Human microbiota wikipedia , lookup
Bacterial cell structure wikipedia , lookup
Bacterial taxonomy wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Antibiotics, Viruses, and Prions Bacterial Infections • Colonization by harmful bacteria • Using the body as resources to grow and reproduce • Battled by the immune system • Different numbers of bacteria needed to overwhelm the immune system and cause infection • Shigella: 10 • E. coli: 100 How Antibiotics Work • 2 main methods • Kill bacteria outright • Prevent bacteria from growing • Usually bind to bacteria to do this • Generally stop bacteria from making something • Cell wall, proteins, DNA, etc. • The more similar that target to your cells, the more toxic the antibiotic is to you How Antibiotics Work • Antibiotics reduce the population of invading bacteria • Survivors usually dealt with by immune system • Start to feel better before using all of the medicine • Feel better before the population is reduced to the point that the infection is defeated • Stopping the medication before this point leaves bacterial survivors Antibiotic Resistance • Surviving bacteria have time to adapt to drug • Drug loses effect • Trait passed in population • Treatment with same drug now ineffective How do we deal with this? • Hospitals: • Serious infections get multiple antibiotics at the same time • Bacteria that are immune to one probably aren’t immune to the others • Personal: take ALL of your antibiotics as prescribed, even if you feel better before you run out of medicine • If the bottle says take for 7 days, take for 7 days, not 4 Viruses • Obligate intracellular parasites • Must invade your cells • Hijack organelles to reproduce itself • Will antibiotics work against viruses? NO Viruses Ebola Influenza Smallpox Bacteriophage Prions • Prions are misshaped proteins • When they encounter their normal counterparts, prions cause them to refold and form into new prions, which then clump together • Cause holes to form in the brain, giving it a spongy appearance • Cluster in spinal tissue and saliva • Mad cow disease, scrapie, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, kuru Prions • No current treatment, is 100% fatal • Decontamination very difficult • Survives bleach, heat, concentrated bases and acids, UV • Contamination at USAMC resulted in disposal of $300,000 worth of equipment