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Name:_________________ FALL SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW True/False: F-Demography is the study of everything on Earth and the atmosphere above the Earth. F-On every map, north is always at the top. F-The Prime Meridian divides the world into two halves at 0 degrees Latitude. T-Lines of longitude are also called meridian lines. F-An example of an absolute location is “my house is located near Sugar Land, Texas.” T-High death rates can be attributed to poor health care in a country. T-You can predict the health care of a country by looking at a Population Pyramid. T-Population Pyramids show the age/sex structure of a population and shows how population is distributed. T-Urbanization is the movement of people to cities. F-Diffusion is the process of moving from one place to another to live. F-The total population of the Earth is 10 billion people. F-Spain used to be known as the USSR. T-Italian is a Romance language. T-Pablo Picasso influenced modern art. F-The Rhine and the Danube Rivers are both heavily polluted by raw sewage because much of Europe lacks basic water sanitation. F-Paris is considered a Mega City because it has more than 20 million people T-The largest country in the world is Russia T-The majority of Europe is considered Urban T-The majority of Europeans are monotheistic T-There are ~50 different languages spoken throughout Europe T-Mexico is the second largest industrial country in Latin America. T-The United States and Japan own the largest number of Maquiladora factories. F-Automobiles are the number one product produced in the Maquiladora factories. F-The Rio Yaqui and the Rio Balsas are the two most polluted rivers in Mexico. F-The insecticide DBT causes cancer, liver damage, and reproductive problems. T-The South American country with the smallest population is French Guyana. T-Mexico has two main peninsulas Know the Capital Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Ecuador Paraguay Peru Uruguay Buenos Aires La Paz, Sucre Brasilia Santiago Quito Asuncion Lima Montevideo Name:_________________ Venezuela Texas North Dakota New York Florida Washington Alaska Austria Finland Iceland Spain United Kingdom Caracas Austin Bismarck Albany Tallahassee Olympia Juneau Vienna Helsinki Reykjavik Madrid London List TODALSIGS and define each term. Title- identifies the information displayed on the map Orientation- compass rose Date- identifies when the map was published Author- identifies who made the map Legend- identifies symbols on the map Scale-determines the distance between points on the map Index- indicates latitude and longitude of a specific location Grid- explains where something is located on a map using latitude and longitude lines Source- identifies where information came from Know these 5 lines! This line is 23 ½ degrees North. This line is 23 ½ degrees South. This line is 66 ½ degrees North. This line is 66 ½ degrees South. This line is 0 degrees North/South. Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Arctic Circle Antarctic Circle Equator Know the following landforms! Archipelago Mountain Desert Lake Isthmus Valley Island Have an idea of what these landforms look like! Name:_________________ Define the following: -Relative Location: The location of a place in relation to somewhere else. EX: Dulles is across the street from Shipley’s. -Absolute Location: The exact location of a place. EX: 550 Dulles Ave, 43⁰N, 82⁰E -Latitude: Parallel lines that run east to west across the globe and measure north and south of the Equator. Also known as “parallels” -Longitude: Lines that run north to south on the globe and measure east to west of the Prime Meridian. Also called “meridians” -Hemisphere: Half of the earth; split by either the equator into Northern or Southern hemispheres or by the Prime Meridian into Eastern and Western hemispheres. -Bar Graph: A visual representation of information; shows comparisons or differences in quantities. -Line Graph: A visual representation of information; shows changes in two variables, or changing sets of circumstances over a period of time. -Circle/Pie Graph: A visual representation; shows the relationship of parts to the whole. -Graph: A visual representation of information -Geography: The study of the special physical and human characteristics of a place or region. -List the 6 elements of geography. (KNOW THEM!) The World in Spatial Terms Places and Regions Physical Systems Human Systems Environment and Society Uses of Geography Define the following words: Population the amount of people in a certain area Birth Rate the number of births per 1.000 people per year Death Rate the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year Rate of Natural Increase growth caused by having more births than deaths in a year Doubling Time the amount of time it takes for a population to double Total Fertility Rate the average number of children a woman will have in her lifetime Infant Mortality Rate the yearly number of children who die before reaching the age of 1 year per 1,000 live births Life Expectancy the average number of years a person born today is expected to live Urban Population the amount of people living in a city Arable Land land that is suitable for farming Energy Consumption the amount of energy a population consumes GDP Gross Domestic Product; the value of goods and services created within a country in a year Name:_________________ Doubling Time: amount of time it takes a quantity to double in size Population: all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country Population Distribution the patter of population in a country, city, or world Population Density number of people living on a square mile. Migration movement of people Immigration moving to a new country to live Urbanization- taking on the characteristics of a city Diffusion- ideas or innovations spread from one person to another and are adopted. (music, fashion) Natural Increase:Population changes based solely on the birth and death rates Demography: the statistical study of human populations Culture: All the features of a peoples way of life Capitalism: business, industry, and resources are privately owned Communism: Economic and political system in which the government controls and owns all the means of production. (China) Dialect: regional variety of language Answer the Questions: What is the name of the river on the Texas/Mexico border? Rio Grande What is the longest river in the Northern Hemisphere? Nile River What is the Rio de la Plata? Estuary Which lake is the world’s highest navigable lake? Lake Titicaca Where is Angel Falls located and what is it considered? Venezuela Lake Nicaragua is the _______ lake in Central America. Largest Which South American lake highest has the most oil? Lake Maracaibo How much does it rain in the Amazon? 150 in/year What latitude degrees are considered to be the “tropics?” 23 ½ N & 23 ½ S What natural event occurs when a river is dammed? A lake forms upstream Why would you dam a river? Hydroelectricity, Recreation, Irrigation, Flood Control Which two Mexican rivers are most polluted? Rio Yaqui and Fuerte Why did Mexico dam the Balsas River? Hydroelectricity What mountain range is located on the western coast? Sierra Madre Occidental Which mountain range is located in Copper Canyon? Sierra Madre Occidental Which Mexican mountain range grows coffee? Sierra Madre del Sur What is needed to grow coffee? Tropical Climate, Rich Soil, High Elevation What three mountain ranges surround Mexico City? Orizaba, Popocatepetl, Ixtaccihutl What % of Mexican workers are in agriculture? 20% What is the Mexican governments oil company called? PEMEX What is Mexico the worlds largest exporter of? Silver What city is the Pittsburg of Mexico? Monterrey What is NAFTA? North America Free Trade Agreement What is Europe’s major mountain range? The Alps Which mountain range borders the countries of France and Spain? The Pyrenees What are the three main crops grown in Europe? potatoes, olives, grapes Which climate region has the climate characteristics of cloudy, drizzly, foggy with 20-80 inches a year in precipitation? Marine West Coast Which climate region has the climate characteristics of mild temperatures all year and 10-30 inches a year in precipitation? Mediterranean Name:_________________ Which climate region has 4 distinct characteristics which include severe winters and mild, humid summers? Humid Continental What is Europe’s main source of energy? Coal Which of the following is not a major reason why Europe has such a diverse culture? Dialects When a country has one major ethnic group it is considered to be _____. Homogeneous How does the Netherlands protect its lowland areas? With dikes to hold back the sea What are people who flee or are forced to flee a country called? Refugees Transboundary pollution results from Wind Which island country is located northwest of the European continent and just south of the Arctic Circle? Iceland Which two countries make up the Iberian Peninsula? Spain and Portugal