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Škola: Šablona: Název projektu: Číslo projektu: Autor: Tematická oblast: Název DUMu: Kód: Datum: Cílová skupina: Klíčová slova: Anotace: Gymnázium, Brno, Slovanské náměstí 7 III/2 – Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky prostřednictvím ICT Inovace výuky na GSN prostřednictvím ICT CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0940 RNDr. Bc. Miroslav Hruška Dynamics of particles (dynamika hmotných bodů) Dynamics – introduction VY_32_INOVACE_FY.3.01 27. 9. 2013 Žáci středních škol s CLIL výukou fyziky v angličtině Mechanics, kinematics, dynamics, motion, force, interaction, contact, field, point of action, resultant Prezentace slouží k uvedení do problematiky dynamiky, určení jejího místa v rámci mechaniky, k zavedení pojmu síla. Je vhodné ji použít při probírání nového učiva. 1 Dynamics of particles 1. Dynamics – introduction Dynamics is a part of mechanics Mechanics Kinematics Dynamics Mechanics studies motion of bodies Kinematics deals with motion without regard to its causes Dynamics explains causes of motion 3 Kinematics works with quantities: position (coordinates x, y, z ) distance s speed (linear v, angular ω) velocity v acceleration a time t (period T) frequency f Zdroj: archiv autora 4 Dynamics adds quantities such as: force (síla) mass (hmotnost) linear momentum (hybnost) work (práce) energy (energie) power (výkon) efficiency (účinnost) Zdroj: archiv autora 5 What is the cause of motion? Motion and rest are connected with presence or absence of forces Force is a vector quantity describing interaction between bodies (interakci/vzájemné působení těles) Symbol of the quantity is usually F Unit of the quantity is newton (N) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R55e-uHQna0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmlMV7bA0TM 6 Effect of a force A force acting on an object may cause the object to change shape, to start moving, to stop moving, to accelerate or decelerate Effect of forces kinetic effect deformation effect 7 Interaction between bodies Forces can act at the point of contact (dotyku/styku) of bodies (contact forces) Or, forces can act at a distance, through fields (non-contact forces) In both cases we are trying to define a point of action (působiště) of the force If more forces act on a particle, we can replace them with one resultant 8 Revision What does dynamics deal with? What is the cause of motion and rest? What does force describe? What effects can forces have? How do forces act? If more forces act on an object, what can we do? 9 Revision – answers With causes of motion Presence or absence of forces Interaction between bodies Kinetic and deformation effect At a point of contact, or at a distance through fields We can replace them with a resultant 10 Complete sentences Motion and …… are connected with …… or absence of …… Force is a vector …… describing …… between bodies A …… acting on an object may …… the object to change its …… or volume Forces can …… at a distance, through …… 11 Find a hidden word Unit of force (4/6 = fourth letter from six) Trajectory (4/4) Action between two objects (5/11) Quantity with direction (5/6) Force replacing more forces (4/9) Quantity having joule as unit (5/6) Branch of physics (4/9) 12 That is all for now Thank you for your attention Materiál je určen pro bezplatné používání pro potřeby výuky a vzdělávání na všech typech škol a školských zařízeních. Jakékoliv další využití podléhá autorskému zákonu. Zdroje: Bednařík, M., Široká, M. Fyzika pro gymnázia, Mechanika. Dotisk 3. vyd. Praha: Prometheus, 2004. 288 s. ISBN 807196-176-0 Hornby, A. S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. 5. vyd. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. 1428 s. ISBN 0-19-431423-5 Autor nezaručuje funkčnost webových odkazů! 14