Download Name: Activity 8.1.1 Vital Signs: Temperature List the four main vital

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Activity 8.1.1 Vital Signs: Temperature
1. List the four main vital signs.
Temperature, Blood Pressure, Respiration Rate, Pulse Rate
2. Normal temperature ranges from 97.8 to 99.1.
3. Compare hypothermia with hyperthermia.
Hypothermia= low body temperature (too cold)
Hyperthermia = high body temperature (too hot)
4. List three factors that affect body temperature.
Exercise, eating, sleeping, stress, nervousness, infection
5. Fever is a result of the body fighting an infection.
Fever! Video
6. What is the “normal body temperature”? (in both Celsius and Fahrenheit)
98.6°F or 37°C
7. Why is our body temperature lower at night?
Because the body is not as active (muscles not contracting, not eating/digesting, etc.)
8. Digestion is the process of breaking food down to maintain normal body temperature.
9. What is the “set point” and what portion of the brain is responsible for its control?
The set point for body temperature is 98.6C and the hypothalamus is the body’s “thermostat”
that is responsible for controlling body temperature.
10. Why does our body increase its set point and what does it signal?
If we have an infection so it can kill the bacteria/virus causing the infection; it signals that our
body is fighting and infection
11. How is the heat generated from exercise different from a fever?
The muscles contracting produce the heat from exercise and you will cool back down when
you stop exercising. A fever is heat being generated by your cells in response to an infection
and won’t go away until the infection is gone.
12. Viruses want to reproduce once inside the human body.
8.1.2 Vital Signs: Heart Rate and Blood Pressure
13. Which two vital signs are directly related to the heart?
Blood Pressure, and Pulse Rate
14. The normal heart rate for an adult ranges between 60 and100.
15. Blood pressure is the pressure of blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels as the
heart pumps blood.
16. What two instruments together are most often used by doctors to take accurate blood pressure
measurements?
Stethoscope and sphygmomanometer
17. True or False: Blood pressure is constant in an adult.
18. Normal BP for an adult is less than 120/80.
19. What is the difference between Systolic Pressure and Diastolic Pressure? Which is on the top
and which is on the bottom of your BP? Systolic pressure is caused by the heart contracting
and diastolic is caused by the heart relaxing. Systolic is on the top and diastolic is on the
bottom.
20. True or False: Blood pressure is higher when you sleep.
21. Label the heart in the picture below.
aorta
Vena cava
pulmonary arteries
pulmonary veins
Right atrium
Right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle
22. Draw out the path that blood takes as it flows through the heart, lungs, and body.
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
23. What would happen to your heart rate and blood pressure if your body got overheated during
exercise? Too cold out playing in the snow?
If you overheated during exercise, your heart rate and blood pressure would increase.
If you got too cold playing out in the snow, your heart rate and blood pressure would decrease.
24. What steps did you take to use the blood pressure to check your classmate’s blood pressure?
Put the cuff on their left arm. Turn on the machine. Pump until the machine beeped. Wait until
it finished. Push the button to release the pressure. Take the cuff off their arm.
8.1.3 Chickenpox Outbreak
24. An epidemic is an infectious disease that spreads rapidly and sickens a large number of people.
25. List two examples of viruses that can or have become epidemics.
Avian flu, bubonic plague, chicken pox, west nile virus, ebola, etc.
26. List three ways viruses spread throughout a population.
Airborne droplets, contact with contaminated surfaces, ingesting food or drink
27. Explain how inoculation (vaccination) affects the spread of a virus.
Vaccination decreases the number of people infected with the virus and decreases the spread of
the virus.
8.1.4 Mystery Illness
28. A pathogen is any disease-producing agent, such as, a virus, bacteria, or parasite.
29. List the four main steps in maintaining food safety.
Clean, Separate, Cook, Chill
30. Referring to the Mystery Illness activity, explain, in general, the steps medical professionals take
to diagnose and treat patients with food borne illnesses.
Medical professionals have to consider the patient’s History (vital signs, symptoms, how long they
have been sick, etc.). They also have to do research to learn more about pathogens, the symptoms
they cause, their incubation period, and how they can be spread. They also have to research to be
able to treat their patients and teach them how to prevent infection with a pathogen.