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Endocrine System EQ: What is the function of the endocrine system? What are hormones and what do they do? How does the nervous system function with the endocrine system? How is blood sugar regulated when it is too low or too high? The Endocrine system: - Works very closely with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis (constant internal environment). - Controls the release of hormones throughout the body. Hormones are chemical messengers - They are made by and released from one part of your body (glands). - Carried by the blood stream (Circulatory System) to another part of your body (target tissue or organ) to tell it what to do. The specific communication from the nervous system to the endocrine system: Nervous System - The Hypothalamus in the brain receives a stimulus from outside or inside your body. - It releases chemicals to the… Endocrine System - Pituitary Gland (the master gland) - It releases many hormones to the blood stream - Each hormone has specific target tissue. Example of N.S. connecting to E.S. - Hypothalamus detects your cells need more water (dehydrated) - Releases chemicals to the pituitary - Pituitary releases ADH (antidiuretic hormone) to blood - Target tissue for ADH = kidney - Tells kidney to absorb water back into body and not release it into urine. Gland Pancreas Pancreas Pituitary Pituitary Adrenal gland (top of kidney) Thyroid Ovaries Testes Hormone Target Tissue Response Insulin Glucagon Growth hormone ADH epinephrine All Cells Liver All Cells Lowers blood sugar Raises blood sugar Protein synthesis Kidney Heart, Lungs, Muscle Thyroxine Estrogen All Cells Uterus, breast, where hair grows Testes, vocal cords, muscle, where hair grows Water balance Fight or Flight (increase heart rate, breathing, and sugar absorption) Metabolism Menstrual cycle, sexual characteristics Testosterone Sperm production, sexual character. Blood Sugar Negative Feedback Loop Glucose: blood sugar, main source of energy for your body Insulin: lowers blood sugar, liver cells take in extra glucose (monosaccharide) to store as glycogen (polysaccharide). Glucagon: raises blood sugar by converting glycogen into glucose.