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AP WORLD HISTORY: SETTING THE STAGE
ALL OF AP WORLD HISTORY IS A STAGE… LET’s MEET THE PLAYERS
MIDDLE EAST
SUMERIAN EMPIRE
BABYLON EMPIRE
(1800-1500 BCE)
HITTITE EMPIRE
(1600-1200 BCE)
EGYPTIAN EMPIRE
(3000-1000 BCE)
EAST ASIA
BRITISH EGYPT
(3000-1700 BCE)
Achaemenid: 550-330 BCE
Parthian: 247 BCE-224 CE
Sasanian: 224 CE-651 CE
(1882-1953 CE)
Umayyad: 622-750
Abbasid: 750-1258
SAFAVID EMPIRE
ISRAEL
(1501-1736 CE)
(1948-PRESENT)
HELLENISTIC KINGDOMS
(323 BCE-30 BCE)
ASSYRIAN EMPIRE
COMMUNIST CHINA
(1949-PRESENT)
(2500-600 BCE)
YELLOW RIVER VALLEY
(4000-2000 BCE)
Qin: 221 BCE-206 BCE
Han: 220 BCE-280 CE
Sui: 581-618
Tang: 618-907
Song: 960-1279
Yuan: 1272-1368
Ming:1368-1644
EUROPE
U.S.S.R.
(1917-1991)
Greeks: 600-146 BCE
Roman Republics: 509-27
Roman Empire: 27 CE-476
Cordoba: 929-1031
PHOENICIAN EMPIRE
(1200-539 BCE)
AFRICA
GERMAN EMPIRE
(1871-1919 CE)
ITALIAN CITY STATES
VIKINGS: 750-1050
REPUBLIC of GHANA
(1957-PRESENT)
SWAHILI CULTURE
(200 CE-)
REPUBLIC of GHANA
(1957-PRESENT)
RWANDAN GENOCIDE (94)
SOUTH ASIA
1206-1526
REPUBLIC OF INDIA
INDUS RIVER VALLEY
(1950-PRESENT)
Mauryan: 322 BCE-185 BCE
Guptan: 400 CE- 600 CE
(3300-1900 BCE)
ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN
(1950-PRESENT)
LATIN AMER.
MAYANS: 2000 BCE-250 CE
CHAVIN EMPIRE
TOLTECS
(900-200 BCE)
(800-1000 CE)
NORTH AMER
CHEROKEE NATION
(1794 CE-1907 CE)
OCEANIA
S.E. ASIA
PAPA NEW GUINEA
POLYNESIAN MIGRATIONS
(7000 BCE-?)
(300 CE-1300 CE)
SIAM (THAILAND)
(1782 CE-1932 CE)
CAMBODIAN
GENOCIDE
VIETNAM
(1976-PRESENT)
KEY CONCEPT 1.1: BIG GEOGRAPHY & THE PEOPLING OF THE EARTH
BIG GEOGRAPHY=GLOBAL SCALE OF WORLD HISTORY
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BY 10,000 BCE, EVERYWHERE HUMANS ARE NOW; WE WERE THEN
HOMO SAPIENS ORIGINATED IN AFRICA 200,000 YEARS AGO
HOMO SAPIENS LEFT AFRICA ABOUT 60,000 YEARS AGO
o KNOWN AS THE “OUT-OF-AFRICA” THEORY
EARLY HUMANS ADAPTED TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS
o FROM DESERT TO FOREST TO TUNDRA
HUNTER/FORAGER SOCIETIES WERE EGALITARIAN
o EVIDENT FROM THE EGALITARIAN NATURE OF TODAY’s H/F
HUMANS WERE “BEHAVIORALLY MODERN” BEFORE MIGRATION
HUMAN USE OF FIRE
HUMAN USED FIRE IN NEW WAYS HELPED THEM SURVIVE
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CONTROLLED HUMAN USE OF FIRE DATES VARY (FROM 500,000 YEARS AGO TO 1.7 MILLION YEARS AGO)
WIDESPREAD USE OF HUMAN CONTROL OF FIRE IS ACCEPTED TO HAVE OCCURRED AROUND 125,000 YEARS AGO
MOST ACCEPTED EARLIEST SITE WAS NEARLY 800,000 YEARS AGO IN ISRAEL
FIRESITES HAVE EVIDENCE OF DIFFERENT MEATS (FROM BIRDS TO RHINOS) & PLANTS (FROM OATS TO GRAPES)
HUMAN USE OF FIRE ALLOWED THEM TO ADAPT TO A WIDE RANGE OF CLIMATES/BIOMES/TEMPERATURES
HUMAN USE OF TOOLS
HOMO ERECTUS (& LATER SAPIEN) USED TOOLS TO ADAPT
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THE FIRST TOOL USING HOMINIDS WERE AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFARENSIS (AKA LUCY’s PEOPLE) IN ETHIOPIA
HUMANIDS CARVED MEAT OFF OF BONES, EXTRACTED MARROW, & GENERAL BUTCHERY
o MEAT CONSUMPTION DROVE EARLY TOOL USE
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SMALL BANDS WERE BASED ON FAMILY/KINSHIP TIES
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HUNTER/FORAGERS SURVIVED IN SMALL KINSHIP BANDS
FULL TIME LEADERS, BUREAUCRATS, ARTISANS, ETC. COULD NOT BE SUPPORTED
MYTH: MEN HUNT/WOMEN FORAGE
o WOMEN & MEN SHARED IN BOTH HUNTING/FORAGING
“ORIGINAL AFFLUENT SOCIETY” THEORY STATES THAT H/G LIVED MUCH EASIER LIVES THAN WE DO
o HUNTER/FORAGERS WORKED MUCH LESS & HAD MORE FREETIME THAN WE DO TODAY
KEY CONCEPT 1.2: NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION & EARLY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES
NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION=10-12,000 years ago the advent of farming created new socio-economic systems worldwide
NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION DRASTICALLY CHANGED THE WORLD IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:
PASTORIALISM
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Often overlooked in Hunter
Forager dynamic
People tend herd animals
o Herbivores
Follow their migratory
animals
POPULATION
INCREASE
SIMPLE MATH
Pastoralism +
Agriculture=
Population Increase
More food=More People
DOMESTICATION
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Both florae and fauna
SE Asia: Rice
Mexico: Maize
Andes: Potatoes
Fertile Cresc.: Wheat, Goats
Africa: Yams, Cattle
SPECIALIZATION
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Surplus=more food than
needed
People begin to work on
other things
Artisans, Traders, Warriors
Society begins to stratify…
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IRRIGATION
Man had to manipulate the
environment to aide food
production
Water wells, Qanats
Size of civilization
depended on water supply
AGRIC, TRADE &
TRANSPORTATION
IMPROVEMENTS
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Pottery (storage)
Plows (agriculture)
Woven Textiles
Metallurgy (metalworking)
Wheeled Vehicles (transportation)
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT
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Humans began to impact
the environments around
them
Pastoralists overgrazing led
to erosion
STRATIFICATION
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Egalitarian ways of the
Hunter/Forager dissipated
Wealthy elites emerged
Classes/Castes formed
Hierarchies formed
Patriarchy dominated
HISTORICAL CONSTANT: NEW TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS LED TO IMPROEVEMENT
THE FIRST PERMANENT AGRICULTURAL VILLAGES EMERGED AT DIFFERENT TIMES IN:
MESOPOTAMIA NILE RIVER &
SUB-SAHARAN
INDUS RIVER YELLOW RIVER
PAPA NEW GUINEA
MESOAMERICA
ANDE
KEY CONCEPT 1.3: THE DEVELOPMENT & INTERACTIONS OF EARLY AGRICULTURAL, PASTORAL & URBAN SOCIETIES
ABOUT 5,000 YEARS AGO, “CIVILIZATION” BEGAN IN THE FOLLOWING FOUNDATIONAL AREAS:
KNOW THESE SIX GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS
DON’T WASTE YOUR LIFE DELVING DEEP INTO THESE SOCIETIES.
INSTEAD FOCUS ON THE FOLLOWING SIMILARITIES:
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THE
THESE WERE LARGE, POWERFUL STATES
AGRICULTURAL SURPLUSES ALLOWED SPECIALIZATION
CITIES w/COMPLEX BUREAUCR., RELIGION, ARMIES, etc.
LONG DISTANCE TRADING RELATIONSHIPS
GROWTH HAD TO BE BALANCED AGAINST ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSTRAINTS
WAR (& War Technologies) COINCIDED WITH THE INCREASE OF
WEALTH (both with other Civilizations & Nomads/Pastoralists)
DIVIDES THESE FOUNDATIONAL/CORE CIVILIZATIONS INTO TWO CATEGORIES:
CULTURE POLITICS
ARCHITECTURE
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Monumental; Ziggurats, Walls, Roads, Sewers
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Promoted the arts from Sculpture to Weaving
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Cuneiform, Hieroglyphs, Alphabets, Quipu
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Reflected the Hierarchies (see HAMMURABI)
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Developed here; huge impact later on
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ELITES & ART
RECORD KEEPING
LEADERS
Mobilized surplus resources over large areas
Usually DIVINE with support from the Army
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COMPETITION FOR RESOURCES
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LEGAL CODES
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RELIGION
TRADE
Expanded to include ideas, technology, etc.
SOCIAL/GENDER HIERARCHY
Growth coincided with Empire/state growth
LITERATURE
Reflected the culture of the authors
The better your location, the bigger your
society (see Jared Diamond)
Ex. Hittites had a huge Iron deposits
Easier for them to build empires
o Ex. Mesopotamia, Babylonia, Nile
PASTORAL INNOVATION
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Developed/Disseminated new Weapons and
Transportation methods to use against the
more settled Agrarian Civilizations
KEY CONCEPT 2.1: THE DEVELOPMENT & CODIFICATION OF RELIGIOUS & CULTURAL TRADITIONS
THE MOST EFFICIENT TOPIC FOR YOUR STUDY BEGINS HERE: RELIGION
RELIGION PROVIDES BOTH COMMUNITY BONDS AS WELL AS A MORAL CODE. IT INFLUENCES & REINFORCES SOCIAL STRATIFICATION. IT OFTEN
MERGED WITH POLITICAL RULERS TO JUSTIFY THEIR REIGN. DIFFERENCES IN RELIGIOUS BELIEFS COULD ALSO LEAD TO CONFLICT.
TWO RELIGIONS FROM THE LAST PERIOD ARE CODIFIED/CONTINUE DEVELOPING IN THIS PERIOD:
JUDAISM
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The FIRST MONOTHEISTIC religion
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Holy Book (TORAH) Codified around 500 BCE
Reflected MESOPOTAMIAN CULTURE/VALUES
o
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Hebrew communities conquered leading to the DIASPORA
HINDUISM
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VEDIC RELIGION codified in SANSKRIT by 500 BCE
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Basis for the CASTE SYSTEM, REINCARNATION
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NOT POLYTHEISTIC
o
Many Manifestation of the one Brahma
FOUR RELIGIONS/BELIEF SYSTEMS ARE CODIFIED/FOUNDED IN THIS PERIOD:
BUDDHISM
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Founded by SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA around 500 BCE
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Taught that DESIRE led to SUFFERING
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END SUFFERING by ENDING DESIRES
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Spread through the work of MAURYAN EMPEROR ASOKA
CONFUCIANISM
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Founded by Kong Qiu (CONFUCIUS)
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Spread by Key Disciples (ex. MENCIUS)
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Taught Proper relationships from Emperor to local villages
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Stressed Patriarchy and Filial Piety
DAOISM
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Founded by Lao Tzu (Laozi) around 500 BCE
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Taught people to live in Harmony with the Tao (or the Way)
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Profound effect on Chinese Culture
o
Medicine, Poetry, Metallurgy, Architecture
CHRISTIANITY
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Founded by JESUS of NAZARETH around 30 CE
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Believe that JESUS was the SON of god
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Spread despite ROMAN persecution by Disciples
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Eventually gained Roman Imperial support via Constantine
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ALONG WITH THE BELIEF SYSTEMS ABOVE, GRECO-ROMAN PHILOSOPHY & SCIENCE ALSO TOOK HOLD IN THIS ERA:
ALSO, solidified/codified around 500 BCE
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Key Thinkers
Questioned a diverse range of topics and ideals:
o
SOCRATES
o
Science, Mathematics, elements, gods, the universe,
o
PLATO (founder of WESTERN PHILOSOPHY)
reasoning, logic, Socratic Method, Scientific Method, etc.
o
ARISTOTLE
ANIMISM
GENDER ROLES
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MONASTICISM
 From both
Buddhism &
Christianity
FILIAL PIETY
 Basis of
Confucianism
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Mainly
used
outside of
the CORE
Civiliz.
Stressed
daily
reliance
on Natural
World
ANCESTOR
VENERATION
ARTISTIC EXPRESSION
LITERATURE/DRAMA
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Worship of
your
Ancestors
o Africa
o E. Asia
o Andean
o Mediterr.
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Took on
Distinctive
styles that had
repercussions
into later eras
DISTINCT ARCHITECTURAL STYLES
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What you stereotypically think
of buildings in different areas
took root in this era
o Indian Temples, American
Pyramids, Greek Temples
GRECO-BUDDHISM
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Blending of
two cultures
(Syncretism)
Between
Alexander &
Islam
KEY CONCEPT 2.2: THE DEVELOPMENT OF STATES & EMPIRES
NOW YOU NEED TO FOCUS ON THE POLITICS OF THESE CIVILIZATIONS:
(THERE IS WAY TOO MUCH INFO TO GO OVER
SO, HERE IS A BASIC GUIDE TO THE POLITICS OF THESE PLACES:
Persia CHINA INDIA MED. AMER.
Achaemenid
QIN
(550-330 BCE)
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Founded by Cyrus the Great
Largest Empire in the World
As % of Earth’s population,
it was the largest ever (44%)
Zoroastrian religion
Postal/Road System
Conquered by Alexander
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Parthian
(247 BCE-224 CE)
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Center of Trade
Located on Silk Road
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Defeated Roman Crassus
o
Often warred with Rome
(221-206 BCE)
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o
o
o
o
o
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(224-651 CE)
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Last Pre-Islamic Persian
empire
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Considered a world power
during this era along with
Rome/Byzantine
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Peak of Pre-Islamic Persian
culture
o
“Persian Renaissance”
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Heavily influenced Islam
o
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o
o
o
(206BCE-220 CE)
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Golden Age of China
China’s largest ethnic
group today=Han
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Emperor Wu
o
Defeated the Xiongnu
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Silk Road
o
Started by Han
o
Linked to Europe
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Minted Coins, made paper,
water clocks, seismograph
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Capital: Chang’an was the
size of Rome
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Highly educated Bureaucr.
o
(322-185 BCE)
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HAN
o
Sassanid
Short Lived
15 Years!
Founder: Qin Shi Huangdi
Unified China
Legalist
Centralized Government
Started the Great Wall
Huge influence in Chinese
History (especially Han!)
Ex. Eur. word for China
MAURYAN
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Founder: Chandragupta
Maurya (not Chandragupta)
Took advantage of
disarray of Alexander the
Great’s retreat
Largest Empire at the Time
Grandson: Asoka Maurya
United Indian
Subcontinent
Converted to Buddhism
Sent out missionaries
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Rock Pillars, Stupas
GUPTAN
(320-600 CE)
Golden Age of India
o
Peaceful era
o
Allowed for science &
artistic endeavors
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Strong trade ties
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Earliest Indian Epics written
during this era
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Concept of Zero,
Heliocentricity, Chess, base
10 numerals, round Earth
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Highpoint of Sanskrit Lit.
MESO:
PHOENICIAN
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(1200-539 BCE)
Maritime Trading Culture
Spread the Alphabet
City States
GREEK/
HELLENISTIC
(740-146 BCE)
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Foundation of the West
Architecture, Politics,
Democracy, Philosophy,
Drama, Science, Math, etc.
Greco-Persian Wars
Peloponnesian Wars
Conquered by Alexander
ROME
(509 BCE-476 CE)
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Romulus & Remus…
Conquered surrounding
areas
Monarchy, Republic,
Empire
Versus Carthage
Augustus/Constantine
Downfall
TEOTIHUACAN
(200-600 CE)
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NE of Mexico City today
Largest Pre-Columbian city
Architecture, Pottery, etc.
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Only fully developed writing
system in the New World
Known for their Calendar
Influenced the entire region
Pyramid Architecture
MESO:MAYAN
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(250-900 CE)
ANDE: MOCHE
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(100-700 CE)
Northern Peru
Known for Gold work,
Architecture, and irrigation
systems
COMMON ATTRIBUTES TO THESE CLASSICAL REGIMES:
ADMINISTRATION:
SOCIO-ECONOMIC:
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o
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o
o
o
Large Empires required advanced
bureaucracies to administer them
China
Early Civil Service system in
both the Qin & Han
Meritocracy
Rome
12 Tables/Code of Justinian
Administering an Empire
Diplomacy, supply lines,
fortifications, roads, military
recruitment
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First Major Trade centers developed:
Ex. Persepolis, Athens, Chang’an, Rome,
Constantinople, Teotihuacan
 Social hierarchies often based on occupation
o Caste Systems
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Food production was paramount
o Slavery was widespread
 Patriarchy reined
o Worldwide; in all of the imperial societies
o
1.
Environmental Damage
a.
Excessive use of natural resources led to damage to the
surrounding environment
i. (Deforestation, Desertification, Erosion)
2.
External Problems
a.
AKA Invaders; generally Nomadic
i. Han v. Xiongnu
ii. Gupta v. White Huns
iii. Romans v. Germans
There are many more reasons for this, but the AP only lists the above
two.
KEY CONCEPT 2.3: THE EMERGENCE OF TRANSREGIONAL NETWORKS OF COMMUNICATION & EXCHANGE
ALL OF THESE NEW HUGE EMPIRES WERE INTERCONNECTED…
EASTERN HEMISPHERE
TRADE ROUTES:
EURASIAN
SILK ROAD
TRANS SAHARAN
INDIAN OCEAN
MEDITERRANEAN
NEW TECHNOLOGIES THAT
FACILITATED LONG DISTANCE TRADE
YOKES
Wooden beam that
allows work animals to
pull together.
THINGS TRADED ALONGSIDE GOODS:
SADDLES
Supportive apparatus
to support riders on
horses, camels, etc.
STIRRUPS
After the Chariot & Saddle,
it's the most important
advancement in warfare prior
to gunpowder.
RICE
COTTON
The most important
crop for human
consumption today.
PLAGUE OF GALEN
Smallpox killed 5
million people (1/3 of
the population) in
DISEASES Rome in 165 CE.
LATEEN SAILS
DHOW SHIPS
Triangular sail dating back to Ships with one or more Lateen
the Roman Mediterranean and sails primarily used in the
used heavily in the Indian
Indian Ocean trade.
Ocean trade.
QANAT SYSTEM
Accounts for
2.5% of earth’s
arable land today.
Provides water in arid climates. Spread from
Iran to North Africa and the rest of Asia where
many people depend on the Qanat for water.
PLAGUE OF
JUSTINIAN
PLAGUE OF
CYPRIAN
Bubonic Plague in 541 CE
killed 40% of Constantinople
& spread killing 25 million
worldwide.
Smallpox outbreak in 250 CE
that lasted 20 years, killed the
Emperor, and was blamed on
the Christians.
CHRISTIANITY
BUDDHISM
Took on a structure
like the Roman Empire
and adding the
“Trinity”
Buddhism took on different
characteristics wherever it
spread (China, SE Asia, Japan)
RELIGION
TRANSFORMED
HINDUISM
SE Asian societies
made Hinduism fit
their history/society.
KEY CONCEPT 3.1: EXPANSION & INTENSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION & EXCHANGE NETWORKS
IMPORTANCE/USE OF TRADE ROUTES FROM 2.3 GREW EXPONENTIALLY WITH MASSIVE EFFECTS ON THE EARTH
DIASPORA
People living away from their HOMELANDS
•
•
•
MUSLIMS in the INDIAN OCEAN
CHINESE in SOUTHEAST ASIA
JEWS in the MEDITERRANEAN
INTER-REGIONAL TRAVELLERS
MARO POLO
IBN BATTUTA
XUANZANG
TRADE
BIG FOUR TRADE ROUTES…
CROSS-CULTURAL EXCHANGES
Silk Road-Trans Saharan-Mediterranean-Indian Ocean
ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE
…LED TO POWERFUL NEW TRADING CITIES
Novgorod, Timbuktu, Swahili, Huangzhou, Calicut,
Baghdad, Melaka, Venice, (Tenochtitlan, Cahokia)
& TECHNOLOGICAL ADAPTATION
CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFUSION
NEOCONFUCIANISM,
HINDUISM, &
BUDDHISM
(**Notice the location of these cities along the trade routes. **)
(*The two American Cities are built along new American routes. *)
NEW LUXURY GOODS SPREAD ALONG THESE ROUTES
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GEMS
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SILK
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SLAVES
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COTTON
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EXOTIC ANIMALS
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PORCELAIN
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SPICES
NEW COMMERCIAL TECH. AIDED THIS SPREAD:
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CARAVANSERAI (Roadside Inns)
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CAMEL SADDLES (Saddles for Camels)
ISLAM
VIKING
LONGSHIPS
ARAB/BERBER
CENTRAL
CAMELS
ASIAN HORSES
MIGRATIONS
NEW NAVIGATIONAL TECH. AIDED THIS SPREAD:
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COMPASS (from CHINA)
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ASTROLABE (from Hellenistic world)
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LARGER SHIP DESIGNS
NEW ECONOMIC TOOLS FACILITATED THIS SPREAD:
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BILLS OF EXCHANGE
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CREDIT/CHECKS/BANKS
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GOVERNMENT COINS/PAPER MONEY
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TRADING ORGANIZATIONS (Hanseatic League)
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GOVERNMENT COMMERCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
o
GRAND CANAL (see MAP in CHINA)
All of this is EXPEDITED by the SPREAD of LARGE EMPIRES
SOUTHEAST ASIA
&
SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
ISLAMIC EMPIRES
&
WESTERN EUROPE
BANTU MIGRATIONS
POLYNESIAN MIGRATIONS
NEW NAVIGATIONAL TECH. AIDED THIS SPREAD:

COMPASS (from CHINA)
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ASTROLABE (from Hellenistic world)
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LARGER SHIP DESIGNS
PRINTING &
GUNPOWDER FROM
EAST ASIA
SOUTHEAST
ASIA
LANGUAGES
GREEK &
INDIAN MATH
ISLAMIC
EMPIRES
NEW CROPS IN NEW AREAS
BANANAS
BANTU (SWAHILI) TURKIC
•

ISLAM
ARABIC
Based on revelations to MUHAMMAD
o
Think of it as Judaism 3.0
o
Mix of Judaism, Christianity, &
Zoroastrianism with the Arab people
of Arabian Peninsula
Spread: Militarily & via Trade
GREEK SCIENCE &
PHIL.(Back to Europe)
NEW RICE
To AFRICA
To East ASIA
Dar-al-Islam & Mediter. Trade: Sugar, Cotton, & Citrus
DISEASE
ALONG WITH GOODS, INCREASED TRADE
BRINGS DISEASE. Ex. The BLACK DEATH
KEY CONCEPT 3.2: CONTINUITY & INNOVATION OF STATE FORMS & THEIR INTERACTIONS
TWO GROUPS DOMINATE THE POLITICS OF THIS ERA
Islam MONGOLS
1206-1368 CE
661-1258 CE
Islamic expansion
introduced a new concept- The
CALIPHATE.

o
o
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o
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CALIPHATE (“Dominion of the Caliph/Successor”)
New form of government that took hold across North Africa, and West Asia.
Led by a succession of Caliphs until 1258
Islamic groups that you NEED TO KNOW:
Abbasids, Delhi Sultanate, Muslim Iberia (Al-Andalus)
As the Islamic Arabs spread their dominance, they took on a great many
PERSIAN influences
The Pastoral people of Central
Asia created the largest empire in the
history of the planet that integrated both
pastoral & agrarian people.

o
o
“The Persians ruled for a thousand years and did not need us Arabs even for a day. We have been
ruling them for one or two centuries and cannot do without them for an hour”
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Ultimately, it was Islamic growth that led to the European Crusades
Key cultural transfer: ABBASIDS with TANG CHINA
** There is much more to know here, but the above are listed in the Curricula
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o
The State Form to focus on for the Mongols is the KHANATE.
Four Khanates
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Golden Horde (Russia/Eastern Europe)
Khanate of the Great Khan (China/East Asia)
Chagatai (Central Asia)
Ilkhanate (Middle East/Persia/The Illest Khanate of them all)
Each began as an administrative unit ruled by a descendent of Genghis
Khan (usually children/grandchildren)

After his death, they fought/became independent
“Pax Mongolica”
Era of peace controlled by the Mongol Empire

Transcontinental trade that reconstituted the old Silk Road

Disease/Goods/Animals/Spices/Paper/Gunpowder/Banking/Printing
OTHER MAJOR STATES “DEMONSTRATE REMARKABLE CONTINUITY, INNOVATION & DIVERSITY”
CHINA
589-1279 CE
BYZANTINE
330-1450 CE



o

o
o
o
Eastern Rome
Byzantine people
refer to it as the
Roman Empire
Person to Know:
Justinian
 Briefly rebuilt
the Roman
Empire to old
borders
 Justinian Code
Administrative
System
Divine, Absolute
Emperor
Elaborate Bureaucr.
Christian Empire

o
o








o



THREE Dynasties
SUI DYNASTY
Reunited
Grand Canal
TANG DYNASTY
High Point of
Chinese Civiliz.
Silk Road
Tribute
Buddhist/Confuc.
Cultural
Influence over
Japan, Korea
Printing
SONG DYNASTY
Paper Money
Gunpowder
Conquered by the
MONGOLS
Italian City-States





New gov’t that replaced the Old Roman Empire
Venice, Milan, Genoa, Verona, etc.
Dominated Mediterranean trade
Key trade between Europe and Asia
Later traded with Ottoman Empire
Feudal Europe Feudal Japan



Decentralized
Local feudal lords
gained fealty over
local people
Highlight:
 Charlemagne



Mirrored Europe
Daimyo=Lord
Samurai=Knights
Americas



o

o
o

o
o
o
o
State systems
expanded in scope
and strength
Similar to Afro-Eur.
MAYA
City States
AZTEC
Empire based in
Central Mexico
“Mexica”
INCA
Andes Mountains
around Peru
Road System
Inheritance System
Quipu
KEY CONCEPT 3.3: INCREASED ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY & ITS CONSEQUENCES
NOVGOROD
TIMBUKTU
HANGZHOU
CALICUT
BAGHDAD
MALACCA
CHINAMPAS
CHAMPA RICE
(Drought-resistant quick growing rice)
WARU-WARU
VENICE






INVASIONS CEASE
SAFE TRADE/TRAVEL
RISE IN COMMERCE
RISE IN TEMP.
INCREASE IN AGRIC.
MORE PEOPLE/LABOR
DOWNFALL




GROWTH
INVASIONS
DISEASES
AGRICULTURAL
DECLINE
LITTLE ICE AGE
ATHENS
ROME
ALEXANDRIA
CHANG’AN
PATALIPUTRA
(MUCH OF THIS REMAINS THE SAME FROM THE
LAST ERA… BUT THERE ARE SOME CHANGES)
LABOR MANAGEMENT CHANGES
Below are some fun new ways the elites
managed the labor of the people.






FREE PEASANTS
NOMADIC
PASTORIALIST
GUILDS
COERCED
GOV’T LABOR TAXES
MILITARY
OBLIGATIONS
Not everyone was happy with these new obligations
(specifically the increase in dues/taxes… Special
Note: THESE REVOLTS HAVE LITTLE HISTORICAL
CONSEQUENCE. The successful rebellions are a
few eras away…)


Free Peasant Revolts
Religious Revolts (White Lotus)

TERRACING
FAMILY STRUCTURE
(THIS MAY SEEM CONTRADICTORY BUT THEY WANT
YOU TO KNOW THAT CITIES BOTH ROSE & FELL)
CROP YIELDS
INCREASE
DUE TO NEW
TECHNOLOGY
SOCIAL
GENDER RELATIONS 
URBANIZATION
LED TO MAJOR CHANGES
PRODUCTION
SPREAD OF RELIGION
POST CLASSICAL INTERACTIONS HAVE MAJOR ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
HORSE-COLLAR
CROPS TRANSPORTED
TO SIMILAR CLIMATES
ARTISANS &
MERCHANTS
INCREASED
EXPORTS
INDIA, CHINA
PERSIA
CHINA
BUDDHISM
CHRISTIANITY
ISLAM
KEY CONCEPT 4.1: GLOBALIZING NETWORKS OF COMMMUNICATION & EXCHANGE
SAY WHAT YOU WILL ABOUT COLUMBUS, 1492 CHANGED THE GAME. EVERYTHING FROM TRADE, EMPIRE,
MIGRATION, DIETS, DISEASE… THIS IS THE FIRST TIME WE HAVE DEALT WITH A CONNECTED PLANET.
MEET THE
TECHNOLOGY GLOBAL CIRCULATION OF GOODS
MARINERS THAT MADE
IT POSSIBLE
SPANISH SILVERASIAN MARKETS & EUROPEANS ENTER GLOBAL TRADE MARKET
ASTROLABE
COLUMBUS AMERICAS
EUROPEAN MERCHANTS’
ROLE WAS TO
TRANSPORT GOODS
FROM ONE ASIAN
COUNTRY TO ANOTHER
ATLANTIC
SYSTEM
(MIDDLE PASSAGE)
ZHENGHE INDIAN OCEAN
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
MAPS
FROM OLD
WORLD
1. Corn
2. Potatoes
3. Tomatoes
4. Cacao
1. Livestock
2. Disease
3. Sugar
4. Grains
WIND
JOINT STOCK COMPANIES
COMPETED AGAINST EACH
OTHER FOR GLOBAL TRADE
(BRITISH & DUTCH SHOWN HERE)
PATTERNS
CARAVELS
DA GAMA INDIA
MERCANTILISM-
INNOVATIONS IN THE VISUAL & PERFORMING ARTS
MINIATURES
OVER THE CENTURIES THE RIFT GREW UNTIL BY 1500 CE IT
WAS POLITICALLY SOLIDIFIED BY THE CONFLICT BETWEEN
SUNNI OTTOMANS & SHIA SAFAVIDS. PLUS, WHERE IT WENT
IT OFTEN TOOK ON LOCAL CHARACTERISTICS (See AFRICA).
VODUN
(CARIBBEAN)
CULT of SAINTS
(SOUTH AMERICA)
SIKHISM
(SOUTH ASIA)
(LATIN AMERICA)
(EUROPE)
(JAPAN)
LITERACY EXPANDED PROLIFERATED BY POPULAR AUTHORS
KABUKI
SYNCRETIC & NEW FORMS OF RELIGION
(EUROPE)
CERVANTES
TO SOUTHEAST & EAST ASIA
CODICES
RENAISSANCE
(EUROPE)
BUDDHISM CONTINUED TO SPREAD
WOOD BLOCK
PRINTING
(JAPAN)
SHAKESPEARE
CHRISTIANITY SPREAD AROUND THE WORLD
CHRISTIANITY WENT GLOBAL. 40% OF CATHOLICs TODAY
LIVE IN LATIN AMERICA! AS IT SPREAD, IT DIVERSIFIED.
ALONG WITH THE SPREAD, THE RELIGIONS SPLIT INTO TWO
CAMPS: PROTESTANT & CATHOLIC (See the REFORMATION).
(PERSIA)
JOURNEY to the WEST
ISLAM SPREAD TO AFRO-EURASIA
IMPACT OF: PROFIT$
AND HOW THIS PROFIT WAS SPENT ON THE VISUAL ARTS
(MALI)
REALLY, IT’s JUST THE IMPACT IT HAD ON RELIGION
SUNDIATA
IMPACT OF: INTERACTION
GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF FOREIGN TRADE INSURES THE MILITARY
SAFETY OF THE COUNTRY. FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE REQUIRED.
(CHINA)
PRINCE HENRY NAVIG. SCHOOL
FROM NEW
WORLD
KEY CONCEPT 4.2: NEW FORMS OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATION & MODES OF PRODUCTION
THE GLOBAL DEMAND FOR RAW MATERIALS AND FINISHED GOODS EXPANDED
REQUIRING CORRESPONDING INCREASES IN PEASANT LABOR & PRODUCTION.
FRONTIERMEN
(FUR TRADERS) SET
OUT TO SETTLE
SIBERIA, RUSSIA
BRITISH EXPORTS
OF COTTON
TEXTILES TO
EUROPE
INCREASED
CHINESE SILK
PRODUCTION
INCREASED
RANGE OF COERCED
LABOR USED IN THE
CASH CROPS GROWN ON PLANTATIONS
LED TO HUGE INCREASE IN SLAVERY &
PRODUCTION OF RAW MATERIALS.
LABOR
INCREASED
THE BIGGEST CHANGE IN LABOR
HISTORY (TO THIS POINT) IS THE
TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE…
LABOR
COERCED
PEASANT
EUROPEAN COLONIES
SPANISH USE OF
INCAN MITA
SPANISH SUBJUGATION OF INCAN
SYSTEM OF LABOR FOR THE GREATER
GOOD. IN REALITY, THE CROWN USED
LABOR TO MINE SILVER.
SPANISH CREOLES
ENTREPRENEUR
S
MUGHAL ZAMINDARS
GENDER
FAMILY
NATIVE
AMERICAN
MULATTO
EUROPEAN MEN
DEPENDED ON SE
ASIAN WOMEN
(THE
TRADITIONAL
MERCHANTS OF
THE REGION)
EUROPEAN
EURO NOBILITY
AFRICAN
AMERICAN
EUROPEAN
IN THEORY, SPANISH COLONIAL SYSTEM
WHERE THE SPANIARD WOULD RECEIVE
LABOR FROM LOCALS IN RETURN FOR
TEACHING THEM SPANISH & CATHOLICISM.
DAIMYO JAPAN
HAD TO DEAL WITH GROWING POWER OF
ABSOLUTE MONARCHS
SMALLER
FAMILY
SIZE IN
EUROPE
CREOLE
MANCHUS IN CHINA
GREW FROM WIDENING GLOBAL ECONOMIC
OPPORTUNTIES AND IMPERIAL CONQUESTS
MESTIZO
RACIAL
SOCIAL
ELITES
NEW ETHNIC, RACIAL, GENDER HIERARCHIES
NEW
EXISTING
ENCOMIENDA /
HACIENDA SYSTEM
SPANIARD
AMERICAS
INDENTURED
SERVITUDE
TEMPORARY LABOR THAT IS USED TO
PAY OFF A DEBT INCURRED BY THE
SERVANT UNTIL THE DEBT IS PAID.
CHATTEL
SLAVERY
PEOPLE ARE PERSONAL PROPERTY
TO BE BOUGHT AND SOLD. THIS IS
THE ORIGINAL FORM OF SLAVERY.
KEY CONCEPT 4.3: STATE CONSOLIDATION & IMPERIAL EXPANSION
THIS SECTION FOCUSES ON ONE THING:
MAINTAINING
WHO HAS THE COMPETING FOR
THE PEOPLE IN CHARGE USED
MANY DIFFERENT WAYS TO
MAINTAIN THAT POWER:
FOR TRADE ROUTES
ARTs
ARCHITECTURE COURT LITERAT.
OTTOMAN v. EURO PIRACY (Carib)
RELIGION
STATE-RIVALRIES
(AZTEC)
DIVINE RIGHT (EUR) HUMAN SACRIFICE
TREATMENT of SUBJECTS
30 YEARS WAR OTTOM vs. SAFAV.
(EUROPE)
LOCAL RESISTANCE
OTTOMAN DHIMMI MANCHUS in CHINA
BUREAUCRACY
LAND EMPIRES
MANCHUs
MUGHALs
OTTOM. DEVSHIRME CHI. CIV. SER. EXAM
(MIDDLE EAST)
MARITIME EMPIRES
PORTUGUESE
SPANISH
DUTCH
OTTOMANs
FRENCH
RUSSIANs
BRITISH
PEASANT UPRISINGS
(EUROPE)
SAMURAI REVOLTS
(JAPAN)
KEY CONCEPT 5.1: INDUSTRIALIZATION & GLOBAL CAPITALISM
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IS* THE MOST IMPORTANT THING THAT EVER HAPPENED EVER…
*ARGUABLY
PRETTY MUCH ANYTHING AFTER THIS POINT CAN BE DIRECTLY TIED BACK TO IT. THE
IT DOWN INTO SIX CATEGORIES.
PRODUCTION
GLOBAL
TRADE
ECON
TRANSPORTATION
BREAKS
RESPONSE
SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
WORKERS ORGANIZED
INTO UNIONS. THEY
DEMANDED BETTER:

WAGES

HOURS

CONDITIONS
THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION WAS
SUCH A HUGE SHIFT
THAT IT EVEN
CREATED ENTIRELY
NEW SOCIAL
CLASSES:
TO THE SPREAD
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
COMMUNICATION
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
NINE FACTORS:
(WHY THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
BEGAN IN EUROPE)
1.
2.
EUROPE’s LOCATION
AVAILABILTY OF RAW
MATERIALS
EUROPEAN
POPULATION GROWTH
URBANIZATION
AGRICULTURAL
GROWTH
PRIVATE PROPERTY
RIGHTS
PLENTY OF
RIVERs/CANALs
ACCESS to FOREIGN
RESOURCES
CAPITAL
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
BY 1900, EUROPE
CONTROLLED
80% OF EARTH’s
SURFACE
Q: WHY??????
A: INDUS. REV.
THE FACTORY SYSTEM
REQUIRED RAW MATERIALS.
EUROPE WENT AROUND THE
WORLD TO
ACQUIRE THEM.
EXPORT ECONOMIES
EMERGED IN AFRICA,
ASIA THAT FOCUSED ON
PRODUCING ONE
SINGLE CROP FOR
EXPORT TO EUROPE
AGRICULTURAL
ECONOMIES AROUND THE
WORLD DECLINED
STEAM ENGINES BROUGHT
NEW FORMS OF ENERGY
FROM FOSSIL FUELS
FACTORY SYSTEM LED TO
SPECIALIZATION OF LABOR
EVENTUALLY SPREAD TO
EUROPE, US, RUSSIA, JAPAN
nd
2 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
LED TO STEEL PRODUCTION IN
th
THE LATER 19 CENTURY
LATIN AMERICA WAS USED AS A
MINING CENTER
EUROPE WAS NOT
CONTENT WITH RAW
MATERIALS. THEY
ACQUIRED TERRITORY
TO USE AS MARKETS
FOR FINISHED GOODS.
MARKETS+MATERIALS
INDUSTRIALIZATION
RAILROADS
IS NOT FREE.
FINANCIERS
DEVELOPED
NEW WAYS TO
FACILITATE THE
INDUSTRIAL REV
KEY PHILOSOPHERS
ALTERNATIVE VISIONS
FUTURE EMERGE:
OF THE
STEAMSHIPS
MARXISM ANARCHISM
(1848)
(1800s)
SMITHCAPITALISM
MIDDLE CLASS
SOME STATES
RESISTED CHANGE:
QING
MILLLIBERALISM
TELEGRAPH
INSTRUMENTS
STOCK
MARKETS
SOME STATES
TRIED INDUSTRIALIZATION
MEIJI JAPAN
CANALS
ERIE
(1825)
TRANSNATIONAL
BUSINESSES
TODAY THESE ARE
TRANSNATIONAL
CORPORATIONS
INDUSTRIAL
WORKING CLASS
URBANIZATION
INSURANCE
COMPANIES
GOLD
STANDARD
OTTOMAN
TSARIST RUSSIA
GOVERNMENT REFORMs
SUEZ
(1869)
PANAMA
(1914)
(IN GREAT BRITAIN)
PUBLIC EDUCATION
LED TO POOR LIVING
CONDITIONS:
KEY CONCEPT 5.2: IMPERIALISM & NATION-STATE FORMATION
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WAS A DOMESTIC PHENOMENON THAT HAD
INTERNATIONAL CONSEQUENCES. THE MOST VISIBLE OF THESE IS THE GROWTH
OF EUROPEAN EMPIRES IN THE SEARCH FOR MARKETS & MATERIALS.
MANY STATES FROM THE PREVIOUS ERA
DOUBLED DOWN ON EXISTING COLONIES:
EUROPE (later USA, JAPAN) USED
THEIR INDUSTRIAL ADVANTAGE TO
BUILD EMPIRE THROUGHOUT ASIA,
PACIFIC, and AFRICA
ECONOMIC IMPERIALI$M
BRITISH INDIA
DUTCH INDONESIA
METHODS USED BY THE ‘WEST’:
DIPLOMACY
WARFARE
LAND ACQUIRED LAND ACQUIRED &
VIA TREATY
MAINTAINED
VIA TECH.
ADVANTAGE
NOT ALL ACTS OF IMPERIALISM
REQUIRED A TOTAL TAKEOVER OF
PRE-EXI$TING POLITICAL
$TRUCTURE$. OFTEN IT WAS
MORE LUCRATIVE TO DOMINATE
THEM ECONOMICALLY. EXAMPLE$:
WESTERN ARRIVAL INFLUENCED BOTH
THE FORMATION & CONTRACTION OF
STATES AROUND THE WORLD:
FORMATION:
AMERICAN
MANIFEST DESTINY
BERLIN CONFERENCE 1884
BELGIANs IN THE CONGO
TERM
TO KNOW: SETTLER COLONY
FOREIGN FAMILY UNITS ‘SETTLE’ IN NEW COLONY. AS LOCAL
POPULATION DECREASES, FOREIGNERS TAKE THAT LAND.
GENERALLY SEEN AS RACIALLY SUPERIOR TO INDIGENOUS.
MEIJI JAPAN
CONTRACTION:
OPIUM WAR
EXAMPLES:
KENYA
SOUTH AFRICA
MOZAMBIQUE
RUSSIAN
EXPANSION
THE AP FOCUSES HERE ON THE DISSOLUTION OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE:
ZIMBABWE
AUSTRALIA
ALGERIA
AMERICAN FRONTIER
BALKAN
INDEP.
EGYPTIAN
SEMI-INDEP.
EUROPEANS
NORTH AFRICA
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW STATES:
IMPERIALISM TOOK PLACE DURING THE GOLDEN AGE OF POLITICAL CARTOONS.
HERE ARE TWO DEMONSTRATING THE EUROPEANS’ LAND GRABS IN CHINA & AFRICA
CHEROKEE, SIAM, ZULU, HAWAII
RISE OF NATIONALISM: GERMANY, LIBERIAN
THIS WHOLE ENTERPRISE WAS
FACILITATED BY RACIAL POLICIES.
EUROPEANS JUSTIFIED THEIR
ACTIONS IN NUMEROUS WAYS. HERE
ARE SOME EXAMPLES:
1. SOCIAL DARWINISM
- “WE ARE BETTER BECAUSE OF SCIENCE”
2. ‘WHITE MAN’s BURDEN’
- “WE ARE DOING THIS BECAUSE WE CARE”
3. COMPETITION
- “IF WE WEREN’T HERE; SOME OTHER
WHITE GUYS WOULD BE”
KEY CONCEPT 5.3: NATIONALISM, REVOLUTION, & REFORM
THIS ERA IS DEDICATED TO CHANGE. THE FIRST TWO SECTIONS LOOKED AT THE EFFECTS OF THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (5.1, 5.2). THIS CONCEPT ALSO HAS A CATLYST: THE ENGLIGHTENMENT. BELOW,
IS THE SUMMARY OF THE 18th-19th CENTURY REFORM MOVEMENTS THAT RESHAPED THE EARTH’s STATUS
QUO. IT CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 4 KEY AREAS OF FOCUS:
PEOPLE BEGAN TO SEE BEYOND THEIR VILLAGE,
TO SEE COMMONALITIES BETWEEN
THEMSELVES AND THOSE AROUND THEM.
THIS NEW ‘NATIONAL’ IDENTITY WAS LINKED
TO THE NATIONAL BORDERS OF THE NATION.
LEADERS USED THIS TO UNITE THE PEOPLE.
THE CATALYST:
LANGUAGE-RELIGION-CUSTOMS-LOCATION
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
CALLED TO ACTION BY THE ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS, MANY
GROUPS PUSHED FOR REFORMS, RIGHTS, or ALL-OUT-REVOLUTION
BELOW ARE EXAMPLES OF REVOLUTIONS OVER EMPIRE:
AN INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT BEGINNING
IN EUROPE THAT ATTEMPTED TO REFORM
SOCIETY USING REASON, LOGIC, & SCIENCE
THINKERS LISTED BY NAME:
VOLTAIRE
ROUSSEAU
LOCKE
RELIGIOUS
TOLERATION
SOCIAL
CONTRACT
NATURAL
RIGHTS
MONTESQUIEU
SEPERATION OF
POWERS
INDEPENDENCE: MURATHAN
OVER WHOM: MUGHALs
1707
YEAR:
NEW NATION: MUR. EMP.
U.S.A.
BRITISH
1776
U.S.A.
FRANCE
HAITI
LOUIS XVI
FRANCE
1789
1791
Republic of France HAITI
REVOLUTION WASN’t THE ONLY CAUSE FOR CHANGE IN THIS ERA.
BELOW ARE OTHER MOVEMENTS AGAINST AUTHORITY.
SLAVE REBELLION:
ANTI-IMPERIALISM:
CHALLENGE RELIGION, CLASS, POLITICS, SUPERSTITION
DOCUMENTS
TO (Jefferson,
KNOW:
US D
I
1776)
HAITI REVOLUTION 1857 SEPOY REBELLION
MAROON SOCIETIES
THE “JAMAICA” LETTER (Simon Bolivar, 1815)
NOT ONLY DID THE ENLIGHTENMENT LEAD TO POLITICAL
CHANGE, IT ALSO SPARKED DRASTIC SOCIAL CHANGES:
& SERFDOM
RELIGION:



ECLARATION OF NDEPENDENCE
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN (National Assembly, 1789)
LATIN AMERICA
SPAIN
EARLY 1800s
MANY
(SPANISH FOR “FUGITIVE/RUNAWAY”)
BOXER REBELLION
TAIPING
GHOST
DANCE
XHOSA
CATTLE
THESE REVOLTS
LED TO SOME
IMPERIAL CHANGES
1.TANZIMAT REFORMS
(OTTOMAN EMPIRE)
2. SELF-STRENGTHENING
(QING EMPIRE)
SOME MOVEMENTS TRANSCENDED NATIONAL BORDERS



POLITICAL
IDEOLOGY
LIBERALISM
SOCIALISM
COMMUNISM
FEMINISM
SENECA
WOLLSTONECRAFT DE GOUGES
FALLS CONV.
KEY CONCEPT 5.4: GLOBAL MIGRATIONS
INDUSTRIALIZATION, IMPERIALISM, & THE RISE OF THE GLOBAL CAPITALIST
ECONOMY INCREASED THE AMOUNT OF MIGRATION IN THIS ERA.
CAUSES

MIGRANTS
MANUAL LABORERS &
SKILLED PROFESSIONALS
WHO MIGRATE IN SEARCH
OF WORK
POPULATION GROWTH
o Improved Food Production
o Improved Medicine

WHY RELOCATE?
Free will (Choice)
COERCED LABOR
 Slavery
 Indentured Servitude
• Especially Indian &
Chinese
 Convict Labor
o TEMPORARY
 Seasonal (Crops)
 Return Home after
• Examples:
o
o

IMPROVED TRANSPORT
o Trains, Autos, Steamboat
o
Japan, Lebanon, Italy
OUTCOMES

o
o
GENDER
Migrants tended to be male
Women remained home
filling in for the absent males
JAPANESE
RUSSIANS


ETHNIC ENCLAVES
o Areas where migrants grouped in new
areas
o Transplant their culture to the enclave
o Ex. “Little Italy”; “Chinatown”,
“Germantown”
ANTI-IMMIGRANT POLICIES
o Governmental prejudice against the
migrants
o Tried to regulate the #s of immigrants
o Ex. Chinese Exclusion, White Australia
SIBERIA
ITALIANS
CHINESE
INDIANS
EUROPEANS
IRISH
LEBANESE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
6.1: SCIENCE & THE ENVIRONMENT
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCEMENTS
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCEMENT IN THIS ERA MAKES THE
PREVIOUS ONES SEEM LIKE CAVEMEN DISCOVERING
FIRE. THE AP ONLY NEEDS YOU TO KNOW A FEW:
ENVIRONMENT
HUMAN EXPANSION LED TO
EXPLOITATION OF RESOURCES:
THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT:
GEOGRAPHIC DISTANCE=NOT-A-PROBLEM
AFTER THESE INNOVATIONS
2. ______________________
DISEASE EMERGING AS EPIDEMICS:
LIST THREE NEW MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ___________
1. ______________________
COMMUNICATION:
(n)- Universally recognized scientific
achievements that, for a time, provide
model problems and solutions for a
community of researchers
DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH POVERTY:
1. ______________________
3. ______________________
TRANSPORTATION:
LIST THREE NEW MODES OF COMMUNICATION
1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ___________
DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFTS
2. ______________________
3. ______________________
1. ___________________________
2. ___________________________
3. ___________________________
4. ___________________________
DISEASE DUE TO LIFESTYLE CHANGE:
1. ______________________
2. ______________________
3. ______________________
FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING,
LABEL WHETHER THESE:
INCREASE or DECREASE
INCREASE
1. ____________
or
FORESTS
DECREASE
BRIEF SYNOPSIS: _____________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
DESERTS
INCREASE
2. ____________
or
DECREASE
BRIEF SYNOPSIS: _____________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
3. ____________
Q: WHAT DO THESE HAVE IN COMMON?
BRIEF SYNOPSIS: _____________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
IBEX
JAVAN TIGER RIVER DOLPHIN BLACK RHINO
A: _______________________________
MEDICAL
INNOVATIONS
1. ____________
DESCRIBE THE GREEN REVOLUTION
How did Gregory Pincus change the history of the planet?
2. ____________
3. ____________
MILITARY
TECHNOLOGY:
1. ________
2. ________
3. ________
MILITARY
TACTICS:
1. ________
2. ________
3. ________
LED TO INCREASED CASUALTIES
ENERGY
INNOVATIONS
1. ____________
2. ____________
6.2: GLOBAL CONFLICTS/CONSEQUENCES
1900= EARTH DOMINATED BY ___________ BUT ALSO _._._., _______&_______
DEMOGRAPHIC/SOCIAL CHANGES
Match the following OldWorld empires to the reason
for their downfall:
NATIONALIST
LEADERS
IMPERIA
OTTOMAN POL/SOC UNREST
RUSSIAN TECH. STAGNATION
MING
MILITARY DEFEAT
WHAT ARE/WERE THE
___
___ETHNIC,
___
REGIONAL,
GOALS OF THE
MOVEMENT
RELIGIOUS
LISM
HOW DID INDIA &
GHANA GAIN
INDEPENCENCE?
Both of these
led to
DRAW THE NEW BOUNDARIES
METROPOLE EXAMPLES
1. ___________went to
_____________________.
2. ___________ went to
_____________________.
3. ___________ went to
_____________________.
METROPOLE (n) - ________________________________
_________________________________________________
ETHNIC VIOLENCE
JINNAH:
BIAFRA:
_______________________
QUEBECOIS:
_______________________
S?
REFUGEES
GLOBAL CONFLICTS
MOVEMENTS
BORDERS:
WITHOUT
TOTAL WAR (n) - _____________________________
______________________________________________
___EXAMPLES OF STATE MOBILIZATION OF RESOURCES:
____________
_______________ _______________________ ___________________
___________________
HOW DID ALGERIA,
VIETNAM, & ANGOLA
GAIN INDEPENDENCE?
1. _____________ 3.
th
CONFLICT DOMINATED MUCH OF THE 20 CENTURY; SOME OPPOSED IT, OTHERS INTENSIFIED IT
INTENSIFICATION OF CONFLICT
OPPOSITION TO CONFLICT2. _____________
LABEL THE METHOD:
LABEL THE METHOD:
GANDHI: __________________
FRANCO: __________________
MLK: ______________________
IDI AMIN: __________________
THICH: ____________________
MILITARY INDUSTRIAL
COMPLEX: _________________
IRA: _______________________
PICASSO: __________________
ETA: ______________________
NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT:
AL QAEDA: ________________
___________________________
ANTI-APARTHEID MOVMENT:
___________________________
TIANANMEN SQ. PROTESTS:
___________________________
METHODS OF
INCREASING
NATIONALISM TO
MOBILIZE THE
POPULATION:
1. ____________
2. ____________
3. ____________
SOURCES OF
GLOBAL CONFLICT
IMPERIALIST EXPANSION BY EUROPEAN POWERS (& JAPAN)
EXAMPLE : _______________________________________________
COMPETITION FOR RESOURCES
EXAMPLE : _______________________________________________
ETHNIC CONFLICT
EXAMPLE : _______________________________________________
GREAT BRITAIN v. GERMANY
EXAMPLE : _______________________________________________
NATIONALIST IDEOLOGIES
EXAMPLE : _______________________________________________
CRISES FROM THE GREAT DEPRESSION
EXAMPLE : _______________________________________________
COLD WAR SUPERPOWERS= ________ vs. _____
COLD WAR ALLIANCES= ________ vs. _________
COLD WAR ENDING=_________________________
IMPACT OF GLOBAL CONFLICTS ON POPULAR CULTURE (POP CULTURE)
DADA
BOND
SOCIALIST
REALISM
IMPACT: ________________
IMPACT: _________________________ IMPACT: ________________ IMPACT: ______________
6.3: GLOBAL ECONOMY/SOCIETY/CULTURE
GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO
ECONOMIC CRISES:
GOV’T ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
COMMUNISM:
5 YEAR PLAN:
______________________
____________________
GREAT LEAP
FORWARD
_________________
_________________
_
CAPITALISM:

_________________
_________________
_
REAGAN (USA)
NASSER IN EGYPT


$
NEW DEAL:
______________________
____________________
FASCIST CORPORATE
ECONOMY
FREE-MARKET
POLICIES
___________
___________


___________
___________
PINOCHET (CHI)
INTERDEPENDENCY
NAME THE MISSION OF THE FOLLOWING 20th CENTURY ORGANIZATIONS
UNITED NATIONS
LIST TWO RIGHTS
DECLARED IN THE
FOLLOWING:
THATCHER (UK)
DENG (CHINA)
EXPORT ORIENTED
ECONOMIES IN SE
ASIA
HUMAN RIGHTS
1. _________________
2. _____________
CULTURAL IDENTITY
WHAT IS NEGRITUDE?
EXCLUSIONARY REACTIONS
XENOPHOBIA (n)- _________
_________________________
_________________________
NEW SPIRITUALITY:
WOMEN’s
RIGHTS
1. ___________________
2. ___________________
END OF WHITE
AUSTRALIA
1. ___________________
2. ___________________
What does Hare Krishna
preach?
What does Falun
Gong preach?
Give examples of
GLOBAL SPORTS:
Give examples of
MUSIC/FILM DIFFUSION: