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Test Review
The Development of Democracy in Ancient
Greece
Monarchy:
Definition- Ruling power is by one person, usually a
king or emperor
Etymology- monos= single and arkein= rule
How was this form of government practiced in
Greece?
People paid taxes to their king and obeyed his
laws. King protected them. The position was
inherited
Oligarchy:
Definition- Ruling power is by a few leaders, usually
the rich land owners
Etymology- oligos= few and arkhein= rule
How was this form of government practiced in
Greece?
Decisions were made by the rich landowners
and selected middle class. Poor citizens had no
say
Tyranny:
Definition- Ruling power is in the hand of a person who
has taken control
Etymology- tyrannos= supreme power
How was this form of government practiced in
Greece?
With the help of the middle class, tyrants took
power to change laws, help poor, and get rid of debt
from the regular people
Democracy:
Definition- Ruling power is the hands of the people
Etymology- demos= people and kratos= power
How was this form of government practiced in
Greece?
Started in Athens. All male citizens could vote. The
Assembly made laws and decisions. Council enforced
them.
Greece’s Geography:
How did Greece’s geography affect the way they traveled?
Travel was difficult. They had unpaved roads which meant
many people walked or rode in carts. Water was easier but
much more dangerous. Storms developed quickly and were
powerful. People sailed only during the day.
How did it affect trade?
Relied on trade to get their needs. Merchant ships were
built to carry goods. Trade flourished along the Medit.
Sea. Olives were the number one product.
Athens or Sparta:
Sparta:
Type of government?
Oligarchy
Role of boys and men:
Lived in barracks at age 7. Returned home at 30 but
stayed in army. Stayed in the army until age 60.
Role of girls and women:
Helped at home. Trained in sports to become strong
mothers. Married at age 13-18. Kept up the household.
Owned property and could travel on their own.
What was important to them?
Military- defending their city-state from
the helots. Did not bother with luxury because they
believed it made them weak.
Athens:
Type of government?
Direct Democracy
Role of boys and men:
Went to school at 6 accompanied by a tutor. Went into the
military at 18. Provide for their families. Chose their
daughters husband.
Role of girls and women:
Did not go to school. Instead stayed home to learn
“domestic” jobs. Would learn everything from their mothers.
When they became mother’s they would teach their
daughters. Married at 12/13 and ran the house. Did not leave
the house alone.
What was important to them?
Art, literature, sharing time with others. Living a
comfortable life. Held religion, education, and beauty in high
regard.
Persian War
Expansion of the Persian Empire
Important figures involved:
Darius
Important events:
Darius reaches Greece with his powerful army. Built city of
Persepolis.
The Ionian revolt
Important figures involved:
Darius, Spartan King, Ionians, Athenians
Important events:
Ionians rebel against Persian rule. Sparta refuses to help
because it would take 3 months for his men to march to
Persia. Athens helps Ionia but Persia wins the war. Darius
is angered by the Ionians rebellion and Athens helping
them.
Significance of the battle:
Start of Persian War
The Battle of Marathon
Important figures involved:
Darius, Miltiades, Pheidippides
Important events:
Stand off on Marathon’s shoreline. Persian general pulls his
cavalry away to attack Athens. This leaves his infantry
weakened. Athenians strategically attack and defeat the
Persians.
Significance of the battle:
Gave Greek’s hope and confidence that they could defeat the
Persian Army.
The Battle of Thermopylae:
Important figures involved:
Xerxes and Leonidas
Important events:
The Spartans choose a battlefield in which the Persian army’s
numbers do not matter. They are victorious for three days but
when a Greek traitor tells Xerxes of a way to surround them
the battle ends quickly.
Significance of the battle:
This battle showed the bravery of Greeks men. It showed that
they were willing to die to hold the Persians back for as long as
possible.
The Battle of Salamis
Important figures involved:
Xerxes and Themistocles
Important events:
Greeks are forced to retreat to Salamis to regroup their army.
Themistocles tricks Xerxes into entering a small channel in
which the Persian ships are too large to maneuver away from
Greek Attack. The Greek Navy sinks many of Xerxes ships.
Significance of the battle:
This battle combined with the Battle of Platea was the last
straw for Xerxes. He retreated to Persia and did not attack
Greece again.
Athenian Democracy:
What kind of democracy did Athens have?
Direct Democracy
What were the requirements for citizenship in Greece?
Male that is at least 18 years of age. Landowner. Born in Athens
Name 3 similarities between democracy used in Ancient Athens and the
democracy we use today.
Both sides in a trial can speak. Foreigners cannot vote. Citizens can speak
freely.
Who was Pericles and what did he do for Athens?
Helped Athenians dominate the Delian League. Made Athens more democratic.
Made sure the brightest minds held a government position. Rebuilt Athens.
Peloponnesian War:
What were some causes of the Peloponnesian War?
1.
Tension between Sparta and Athens
2.
Different kinds of societies
3.
Athens expansion
What weakened Athens during the war?
Persia funding the Spartan Army. Disease Spreading through the city. The
loss of Pericles. Losing their strong navy during the battle in Sicily.
What happened to Athens after the war?
Spartan Kings through out democracy and replaced it with tyrants. Athenians
rebelled and set up a democracy but it was not the same. Like other Greek
city-states they were conquered by Macedonia.
Alexander the Great:
Name three reasons why Alexander decided to attack Persia?
His father wanted to conquer Persia. To unite the Greeks. To
gain its wealth and empire.
What did Alexander do to those who resisted him? To those
who surrendered?
Burned their city down. Kept their government officials and
rebuilt the city.
Why was Alexander so important to Greek culture?
He helped spread Greek culture through the places he
conquered. Expanding the customs, architecture, and ways of
life to people and places that had never experienced it.
Enduring Legacies:
Name some enduring legacies from ancient Greece that can still
be seen today:
Democracy, theatre, Olympics, architecture, language