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Asia: Part I, China, Japan, India, Southeast Asia
I.
Geography
A) China
▪ 96% of the population lives on Eastern Coast
▪ Mountains: Himalayas—South, Southwest borders; separate India and China
▪ Rivers: 1) Chang (Yangtze)—central China, most important
2) Huang (Yellow)—Northern China; “River of Sorrow”—floods (loess yellow soil)
▪ Deserts: Gobi Mongolia—North; isolates China
B) Japan
▪ Geographically isolated
▪ Archipelago—chain of islands
▪ Mountains—85% of area is terrace farming
▪ Rivers—not many—not good for transportation needs
▪ Coastline—where 75% of people live
▪ Natural Resources—very little must export resources (oil)
C) Southeast Asia
▪ Isolates from other parts of Asia
▪ Rivers: Mekong—longest in SE Asia, running from Tibet to Vietnam
▪ Monsoons—like India, heavy rains from June to September; helps rice but destroys soil, minerals
▪ Climate—tropical rain forest, 80 in. per year on average
II. The Ancient World
A) First People
1) Indus River Valley Civilization: 2500 BC, Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro
a. Temples, graineries, brick houses with plumbing
b. Most were farmers, first to grow & weave cotton
2) China—grew around the Yellow River Valley
a. Called the Middle Kingdom: believed their culture was the center of the earth, ethnocentric
b. Dynasty: the ruling family in China (set up by the Shang); believed in the
Mandate of Heaven (divine right): emperor rules by God
c. Most people are rural (country) peasants
d. Polytheistic, nature spirits, yin & yang
B) Classical Civilization
1) CHINA: 1027 BC—Zhou Dynasty, 800 years long, began Mandate of Heaven & feudalism (grant control
to supporters), economy grew, made silk (sparks trade)
2) Shi Huangdi (leader of the) Qin Dynasty (221 BC): centralizes govt and builds the Great Wall
3) Han Dynasty (206 BC): eased harsh Qin policies  led for 400 years; most progressive
a. famous emperor, Wudi, made civil service which established Confucian values in daily life
b. paper, wheel barrow, fishing reel, rudder, acupuncture, remedies, anesthesia, chemistry
4) INDIA: 321 BC—Mauryan Empire; first united empire, bureaucracy (system of govt run by departments &
appointed officials)
a. Mauryan leader, Asoka, promotes Buddhism, peaceful and prosperous; trade flourished
5) Trade: India had high demand goods (textiles, gems, spices), China opened the Silk Road (connected it
with Mesopotamia) during the Han.
C) Decline of Han Empire: due to political causes (too many military leaders with power), economic (did not
maintain infrastructure for trade, high taxes), military (invaders).
D) Religions:
1) China: Confucianism—family is essential, patriarchal (male), social order, morality is essential
Taoism—self knowledge, contemplation, personal freedom, yin-yang (balance)
2) Japan: Shintoism—way of the spirits (Kami), all things have Kami, imperial family has special Kami
Buddhism—incorporates Shintoism, 2 secsare Jodo & Zen (Jodo = faith/spiritual intervention;
Zen = strict discipline)
3) India: Hinduism—Vedas, Upanishads, Gods—Brabma (creator), Vishnu (preserver), Shiva (destroyer)
Reincarnation, Karma, Dharma (rules), Moksha (internal peace).
Buddhism—Siddharta Gautama (founder), 4 Noble Truths, Goal of Nirvana
Janism—opposite to Hinduism; non-violence, vegetarian, no killing
Sikhism—Nanak (founder), monotheism, no castes or reincarnation
III. Expanding Connections
A) Gupta Empire (320 AD): united India with strong local leaders, bringing peace & prosperity; strong influence
of Hinduism, discoveries in math & science (zero, plastic surgery)
1) Caste System: expanded to include many groupings—karma believed to determine
caste, cannot change caste (status) in present life
B) Tang Dynasty (618) & Song Dynasty (960)—powerful, had tributary states, female power
1) Strict social order
a. Gentry: landowners, study Confucianism, civil servants (few in number, high power)
b. Peasants: majority, work land, in small villages
c. Merchants: richer, but low in status because they make money off of others, education to become gentry
Asia: Part II, Global Interactions
I. Early Japan and Feudalism
A) Geography:
◘ made up of 4 main islands and 3,000 smaller islands
◘ part of the “Ring of Fire” cluster of islands that is active in earthquakes, volcanoes, & tsunamis.
◘ Most live in river valleys or on the coast; sea is used as transportation & as a food source, but
sometimes isolates the country from others (sometimes as protection).
B) Shintoism: traditional religion, shared beliefs of Shinto followers helped unite all of Japan.
C) Diffusion from Korea & China: Korea often was a bridge between Japan & China.
1) contact from warfare & trade—Koreans bring Chinese culture to Japan
2) 700s-1100s Japan blended the best of China with their own culture
a. Writing
b. Buddhism (from China), Zen Buddhism, a Chinese sect that valued peace simple living, nature & beauty
c. Confucianism, influenced by ideas of proper behavior & social order, family loyalty
d. Customs & Arts: tea ceremonies, Chinese garden
D) Imperial Traditions: society based on clans with separate rulers & religion; elegant, sophisticated court society in
700s-1100s.
E) Feudal Japan: 1100s, emperor’s power declines, warlords get local power & fight each other.
◘ Feudal society had distinct levels. The emperor still ruled, but powerful noble warriors had the power.
1) Landowners & Warriors
a. Shoguns—top military commanders with the real power
b. Daimyo—vassal lords who were given land by shoguns
in exchange for support
c. Samurai—lesser warriors given land by daimyo in exchange
for loyalty. They lived by a strict code of conduct called bushido.
2) Other Classes
a. Peasants & artisans (made weapons for samurai)
b. Merchants (lowest social class)
c. Women, sometimes became warriors or ran estates, status
eventually declined
F) Tokugawa Shogunate: 1603, 300 years of peace & stability
1) Centralized Feudal Government
2) Economic prosperity: stability=economic growth, better farming, roads,
increased trade, wealthy merchants
- Hostility towards foreigners  1638 all western merchants were
banned and Japanese could not travel (internal trade booms though)
3) Cultural advances: kabuki theatre (act out family events), haiku poetry
4) Comparison with Europe: both built around stability, ruling classes
preserved law & order; defined status, wealth in the hands of the elite,
exchange of loyalty.
II. The Mongols: 1200 central Asia, largest empire in the world (China to Persia); often peace, prosperity, stability
A) Rise of Mongols
1) Genghis Khan: supreme ruler of Mongol clans; organized & disciplined armies led to conquering of Asia
a. victories: due to skills of horsemen and bowmen, military tech (canons)
2) Expansion to the West: attacked Russia, Hungary, Poland; Mesopotamia, Russia, India
3) In China: Kublai Khan, conquered China, dominated south; ruled Korea, Tibet, Vietnam, named the Yuan
dynasty in China.
4) Mughal India: 1526-1857, Akbar the Great, tolerant Muslim, gained Hindu support
B) Mongol Impact
1) Destruction & Conquest: fought with terror, ruled with tolerance, respect for cultures
2) Effects Lasted in Russia: Absolutist Govt: a model for Russian rulers; Isolation (from Western Europe)
3) Prosperity & Discontent in China: prosperous & peaceful, established Beijing, rich cities
4) Pax Mongolia: political stability throughout Asia, resulted in exchange of goods, ideas.
a. silk road & trade—made travel safer, black powder, porcelain go west
b. Marco Polo & Ibn Battuta—Marco Polo lived in Kublai Khan’s court, spread interest to Europe; Ibn Battuta,
Morrocan scholar, traveled and recorded his travels.
C) Decline: too large an area, no governing experience, death of strong leaders, rebellions
III. Global Trade & Interactions
A) Expansion of Chinese Trade
1) Ming Dynasty: threw out Mongols, resulted in economic & industrial growth = city growth.
a. began overseas expansion; Zheng He, Chinese admiral, sailed as far as East Africa, convinced people of
Chinese supremacy
b. City of Canton became major trading hub
B) Trade Routes
1) Sailing routes along Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea. Trading centers formed in East Africa—Mogadishu.
2) Silk Road
C) The Plague: spread by fleas living on rats. Swellings, black bruises.
1) Outbreak in China: early 1300s, appeared in Chinese cities, carried by rats.
a. became an epidemic (outbreak spreading quickly), helped by trade (rats on boats). Went from Asia, to
Middle East, to North Africa, to Italy, to Europe.
Asia: Part III, The First Global Age
I. The Ming Dynasty in China
A) Restoration of Self-Rule (1368)
1) Led by Zhu Yanzhang, peasant rebel leader, established the dynasty
2) The Middle Kingdom: restore greatness
3) Ming Govt Reform: civil service, emphasis on Confucianism,
4) Zheng He: after his death, emperor banned building of ships, stopping exploration
B) Economic & Cultural Contributions
1) Agriculture: fertilization, supported large population, corn & sweet potatoes adopted from L.A.
2) Industry / Trade: tech increased manufacturing; repaired canals
3) Arts, Literature: landscaping, silk, poetry
C) China & the West
1) European interest: guns, gunpowder, silk
2) Chinese indifference: restricted foreign trade, believed in European inferiority, little religious interest, but open
to tech.
D) Impact within Asia
1) Korea: take over Korea, Korea keeps their culture, merges cultures
2) Japan: cultural bridge, interest in tech, blended cultures
3) Southeast Asia: influenced by Chinese & Indian traders, most affected by India (except Vietnam who was
affected by China & Confucianism)
Asia: Part IV, Age of Revolutions
I. Japan and the Meiji Restoration
A) The Opening of Japan: 1853, the U.S. enters Tokyo
1) Tokugawa Isolation: 1600s, shoguns gained control of Japan, brought stability but banned outside contact
2) Matthew Perry: U.S. asks Japan to open trade  impressed by U.S. strength, sign a treaty ending isolation
3) Treaty of Kanagawa: opened 2 ports, impact…
a. feeling of weak shoguns
b. felt the need to modernize
c. rebellion overthrew shoguns, restored emperor
B) Modernization & Industrialization – 1868-1912, The Meiji Restoration: “enlightened rule,” ends feudalism
1) Borrowing from the West: to strengthen Japan, officials were educated in the west
2) Economic Development: used western methods, industry
◘ zaibatsu: families in banking and industry who were sold factorie
3) Strong Central Govt: German model, autocratic emperor
4) Military Power: modern army, navy, all men had to join military; defeated China (1894), Russia (in Manchuria)
5) Social Change: universities, teach modern tech; still class divisions
C) Japan as a Global Power: imperialism begins (seek raw materials)
1) Sino-Japanese War: 1894-95, against China; Japan wins Taiwan
2) Russo-Japanese War: 1904-05, against Russia, Japan wins control of Korea, Manchuria
3) Dependence on a World Market: dependent on trade, relied on outside raw material
D) Imperialism: early 1900s
◘
New Imperialism: industrialized nations become stronger and seek aggressive expansion into other lands
(mostly Japan); “White Man’s Burden” (moral justification)
1) British in India: British demand Sepoys (Indian soldiers) go against religion…
a. The Sepoy Mutiny: Hindus and Muslims are called to resistance; stopped by British
b. British end East India Company rule, directly control India
2) Imperialism in China
a. Opium War (1839-1842): British occupy China, Hong Kong (& 5 ports), China tried to stop Opium imports
◘
British fight to keep ports open & win with military strength
◘
Treaty of Nanjing: China paid for war costs, opened ports to British, and gave Hong Kong to Britain
◘
Extraterritoriality (British live in China under own law and justice)
◘
Spheres of Influence: other nations created areas in which they claimed exclusive trade privileges
3) Chinese Reaction to Imperialism
a. Taiping Rebellion: peasant uprising against Chinese officials
b. Boxer Rebellion (1900): Boxers attack foreign communities (anti-western)
◘ defeated by westerners and Chinese nationalists seeking to end the dynasty
c.
Sun Yixian & The Chinese Revolution: call for nationalism, replace Qing dynasty. 3 goals…
(1) end foreign domination
(2) representative govt
(3) economic security
d.
Sun Yixian founds the Nationalist Party and Chinese Republic in 1911
Asia: Part I, China, Japan, India, Southeast Asia
II. Geography
A) China
▪ 96% of the population lives on Eastern Coas
▪ Mountains: Himalayas—South, Southwest borders; ________________________________________
▪ Rivers: 1) Chang (Yangtze)—central China, most important
2) Huang (Yellow)—Northern China; “River of Sorrow”: _______________________________
Deserts: Gobi Mongolia—North; isolates China
B) Japan
▪ ______________________________________
▪ Archipelago—chain of islands
▪ Mountains: _________________________________________________________________________
▪ Rivers—not many—not good for transportation needs
▪ Coastline—where 75% of people live
▪ Natural Resources—very little must export resources (oil)
C) Southeast Asia
▪ Isolates from other parts of Asia
▪ Rivers: Mekong—longest in SE Asia, running from Tibet to Vietnam
▪ Monsoons—like India, ________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
▪
Climate—tropical rain forest, 80 in. per year on average
II. The Ancient World
A) First People
1) Indus River Valley Civilization: 2500 BC, Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro
a. Temples, graineries, brick houses with plumbing
b. ________________________________________________________________________________
2) China—grew around the Yellow River Valley
a. Called the Middle Kingdom: ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
b. Dynasty: the ruling family in China (set up by the Shang); believed in the
Mandate of Heaven (divine right): ____________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________________________________________
d. Polytheistic, nature spirits, yin & yang
B) Classical Civilization
1) CHINA: 1027 BC—Zhou Dynasty, 800 years long, began Mandate of Heaven & feudalism (grant control
to supporters), economy grew, __________________________________________________________
2) Shi Huangdi (leader of the) Qin Dynasty (221 BC): centralizes govt and _________________________
3) Han Dynasty (206 BC): eased harsh Qin policies  led for 400 years; most progressive
a. famous emperor, Wudi, made _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
b. paper, wheel barrow, fishing reel, rudder, acupuncture, remedies, anesthesia, chemistry
4) INDIA: 321 BC—Mauryan Empire; first united empire, bureaucracy: _____________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
a. Mauryan leader, Asoka, promotes Buddhism, peaceful and prosperous; trade flourished
5) Trade: India had high demand goods (textiles, gems, spices), China opened the Silk Road: ___________
____________________________________________________________________________________
C) Decline of Han Empire: due to political causes (too many military leaders with power), economic (did not
maintain infrastructure for trade, high taxes), military (invaders).
D) Religions:
1) China: Confucianism—family is essential, patriarchal (male), social order, morality is essential
Taoism—self knowledge, contemplation, personal freedom, yin-yang (balance)
2) Japan: Shintoism—way of the spirits (Kami), all things have Kami, imperial family has special Kami
Buddhism—incorporates Shintoism, 2 secsare Jodo & Zen (Jodo = faith/spiritual intervention;
Zen = strict discipline)
3) India: Hinduism—Vedas, Upanishads, Gods—Brabma (creator), Vishnu (preserver), Shiva (destroyer)
Reincarnation, Karma, Dharma (rules), Moksha (internal peace).
Buddhism—Siddharta Gautama (founder), 4 Noble Truths, Goal of Nirvana
Janism—opposite to Hinduism; non-violence, vegetarian, no killing
Sikhism—Nanak (founder), monotheism, no castes or reincarnation
III. Expanding Connections
A) Gupta Empire (320 AD): united India with strong local leaders, bringing peace & prosperity; strong influence of
Hinduism, discoveries in math & science (zero, plastic surgery)
1) Caste System: expanded to include many groupings—karma believed to determine caste, ____________
____________________________________________________________________________________
B) Tang Dynasty (618) & Song Dynasty (960)—powerful, had tributary states, female power
1) Strict social order
a. Gentry: landowners, study Confucianism, civil servants (few in number, high power)
b. Peasants: ________________________________________________________________________
c. Merchants: richer, but _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Asia: Part II, Global Interactions
I. Early Japan and Feudalism
A) Geography:
◘ made up of 4 main islands and 3,000 smaller islands
◘ part of the “Ring of Fire” cluster of islands that is active in earthquakes, volcanoes, & tsunamis.
◘ Most live in river valleys or on the coast; sea is used as transportation & as a food source, but
sometimes isolates the country from others (sometimes as protection).
B) Shintoism: traditional religion, shared beliefs of Shinto followers helped unite all of Japan.
C) Diffusion from Korea & China:_________________________________________________________
1) contact from warfare & trade—Koreans bring Chinese culture to Japan
2) 700s-1100s Japan blended the best of China with their own culture
a. Writing
b. Buddhism (from China), Zen Buddhism, a Chinese sect that valued peace simple living, nature & beauty
c. Confucianism, influenced by ideas of proper behavior & social order, family loyalty
d. Customs & Arts: tea ceremonies, Chinese garden
D) Imperial Traditions: society based on clans with separate rulers & religion; elegant, sophisticated court society in
700s-1100s.
E) Feudal Japan: 1100s, emperor’s power declines, warlords get local power & fight each other.
◘
Feudal society had distinct levels: ___________________________________________________________
1) Landowners & Warriors
a. Shoguns—top military commanders with the real power
b. Daimyo—vassal lords who were given land by shoguns
in exchange for support
c. Samurai—lesser warriors given land by daimyo in exchange
for loyalty. They lived by a strict code of conduct called bushido.
2) Other Classes
a. Peasants & artisans (made weapons for samurai)
b. Merchants (lowest social class)
c. Women, sometimes became warriors or ran estates, status
eventually declined
G) Tokugawa Shogunate: 1603, ____________________________________
1) Centralized Feudal Government
2) Economic prosperity: stability=economic growth, better farming, roads,
increased trade, wealthy merchants
- Hostility towards foreigners  _______________________________
________________________________________________________
3) Cultural advances: kabuki theatre (act out family events), haiku poetry
4) Comparison with Europe: both built around stability, ruling classes
preserved law & order; defined status, wealth in the hands of the elite,
exchange of loyalty.
II. The Mongols: 1200 central Asia, largest empire in the world (China to Persia); ___________________________
A) Rise of Mongols
1) Genghis Khan: supreme ruler of Mongol clans; organized & disciplined armies led to conquering of Asia
a. victories: due to skills of horsemen and bowmen, military tech (canons)
2) Expansion to the West: attacked Russia, Hungary, Poland; Mesopotamia, Russia, India
3) In China: Kublai Khan, conquered China, dominated south; ruled Korea, Tibet, Vietnam, named the Yuan
dynasty in China.
4) Mughal India: 1526-1857, Akbar the Great, tolerant Muslim, gained Hindu support
B) Mongol Impact
1) Destruction & Conquest: ___________________________________________________________________
2) Effects Lasted in Russia: Absolutist Govt: a model for Russian rulers; Isolation (from Western Europe)
3) Prosperity & Discontent in China: prosperous & peaceful, established Beijing, rich cities
4) Pax Mongolia: ___________________________________________________________________________
a. silk road & trade—made travel safer, black powder, porcelain go west
b. Marco Polo & Ibn Battuta—Marco Polo lived in Kublai Khan’s court, spread interest to Europe; Ibn Battuta,
Morrocan scholar, traveled and recorded his travels.
C) Decline: too large an area, no governing experience, death of strong leaders, rebellions
III. Global Trade & Interactions
A) Expansion of Chinese Trade
1) Ming Dynasty: threw out Mongols, resulted in economic & industrial growth = city growth.
a. began overseas expansion; Zheng He, Chinese admiral, sailed as far as East Africa, convinced people of
Chinese supremacy
b. City of Canton became major trading hub
B) Trade Routes
1) Sailing routes along Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea. Trading centers formed in East Africa—Mogadishu.
2) Silk Road
C) The Plague: spread by fleas living on rats. Swellings, black bruises.
1) Outbreak in China: early 1300s, appeared in Chinese cities, carried by rats.
a. became an epidemic (outbreak spreading quickly), helped by trade (rats on boats). Went from Asia, to
Middle East, to North Africa, to Italy, to Europe.
Asia: Part III, The First Global Age
I. The Ming Dynasty in China
A) Restoration of Self-Rule (1368)
1) Led by Zhu Yanzhang, peasant rebel leader, established the dynasty
2) The Middle Kingdom: restore greatness
3) Ming Govt Reform: ________________________________________________________________________
4) Zheng He: after his death, emperor banned building of ships, stopping exploration
B) Economic & Cultural Contributions
1) Agriculture: fertilization, supported large population, ______________________________________________
2) Industry / Trade: tech increased manufacturing; repaired canals
3) Arts, Literature: landscaping, silk, poetry
C) China & the West
1) European interest: ________________________________________________________________________
2) Chinese indifference: ________________________________, believed in European inferiority, little religious
interest, but open to tech.
D) Impact within Asia
1) Korea: take over Korea, Korea keeps their culture, merges cultures
2) Japan: cultural bridge, interest in tech, ______________ cultures
3) Southeast Asia: influenced by Chinese & Indian traders, most affected by India (except Vietnam who was
affected by China & Confucianism)
Asia: Part IV, Age of Revolutions
I. Japan and the Meiji Restoration
A) The Opening of Japan: 1853, the U.S. enters Tokyo
1) Tokugawa Isolation: 1600s, shoguns gained control of Japan, _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2) Matthew Perry: U.S. asks Japan to open trade  impressed by U.S. strength, sign a treaty ending isolation
3) Treaty of Kanagawa: opened 2 ports, impact…
a. feeling of weak shoguns
b. felt the need to _________________________
c. rebellion overthrew shoguns, restored emperor
B) Modernization & Industrialization – 1868-1912, The Meiji Restoration: _________________________________
1) Borrowing from the West: to strengthen Japan, officials were educated in the west
2) Economic Development: used western methods, industry
◘ zaibatsu: families in banking and industry who were sold factories
3) Strong Central Govt: German model, autocratic emperor
4) Military Power: modern army, navy, all men had to join military; defeated China (1894), Russia (in Manchuria)
5) Social Change: universities, teach modern tech; still class divisions
C) Japan as a Global Power: imperialism begins (seek raw materials)
4) Sino-Japanese War: 1894-95, against China; Japan wins Taiwan
5) Russo-Japanese War: 1904-05, against Russia, Japan wins control of Korea, Manchuria
6) Dependence on a World Market: dependent on trade, relied on outside raw material
D) Imperialism: early 1900s
◘
New Imperialism: industrialized nations become stronger and seek aggressive expansion into other lands
(mostly Japan); “White Man’s Burden” (moral justification)
1) British in India: British demand Sepoys (Indian soldiers) go against religion…
a. The Sepoy Mutiny: ____________________________________________________; stopped by British
b. British end East India Company rule, directly control India
2) Imperialism in China
a. Opium War (1839-1842): British occupy China, Hong Kong (& 5 ports),
__________________________________________________________
◘
British fight to keep ports open & win with military strength
◘
Treaty of Nanjing: China paid for war costs, opened ports to British, and gave Hong Kong to Britain
◘
Extraterritoriality (British live in China under own law and justice)
◘
Spheres of Influence: ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3) Chinese Reaction to Imperialism
a. Taiping Rebellion: peasant uprising against Chinese officials
b. Boxer Rebellion (1900): Boxers attack foreign communities (anti-western)
◘ defeated by westerners and Chinese nationalists seeking to end the dynasty
c. Sun Yixian & The Chinese Revolution: _________________________, replace Qing dynasty. 3 goals…
(1) end foreign domination
(2) representative govt
(3) economic security
d. Sun Yixian founds the Nationalist Party and Chinese Republic in 1911
Name __________________________________
ASIA, PART 1
Multiple Choice.
1. The early civilizations of the Nile River Valley, Mesopotamia, & the Huang He were similar because they were
similar because they were
1.
2.
3.
4.
dependent on fertile land
monotheistic
industrialized societies
dependent on each other for trade
2. In traditional India, the caste system and the Hindu beliefs in karma and dharma most directly resulted in
1.
2.
3.
4.
the establishment of a set of rules for each individual society
the rapid industrialization of the economy
a strong emphasis on the acquisitions of wealth
a strong belief in the importance of education
3. According to the teachings of Confucius, the key to the successful organization of society is that
1.
2.
3.
4.
the ruler should be chosen dramatically
the evil in humans must be eliminated
ancestor worship should be discontinued
individuals should know and do what is expected of them
4. In traditional Chinese culture, which philosophy had the greatest influence on the development of social order and
political organization
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Taoism
Shintoism
Confucianism
Marxism
Both the Ancient Romans and the Ancient Chinese viewed foreigners as barbarians. This is an example of
1.
2.
3.
4.
cultural diffusion
materialism
imperialism
ethnocentrism
6. During the centuries of dynastic rule, the Chinese rejected other cultures as inferior to their own. This
situation illustrates the concept of
1.
2.
3.
4.
ethnocentrism
imperialism
social mobility
cultural diffusion
7. Which characteristic did the early civilizations that developed along the Nile, the Tigris-Euphrates and
the Huang He (Yellow River) have in common?
1.
2.
3.
4.
each society’s religious beliefs were based on monotheism
urban communities were built using iron and steel tools
the form of government in each community was based on male suffrage
transportation and communication were promoted by a mild climate, fertile soil, and natural waterways
8. Which statement best explains why most of the population of the people’s Republic of China live in the
eastern third of the nation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
best agricultural land is in the East
largest forests are in the East
best fishing areas are off the eastern coast
largest oil deposits are in the East
9. Which is an accurate statement about Japan’s natural resources?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Japan has extensively used the seas for fishing
large reserves of petroleum are located in the northern part of Japan
Japan has large fertile plains suitable for growing grain
large coal and iron-ore deposits are located in the mountain region
10. In Japan, a major economic problem has been the lack of
1.
2.
3.
4.
natural resources
investment capital
skilled labor
experienced management
11. Both Japan and Indonesia are made up of a chain of islands called
1.
2.
3.
4.
an archipelago
a peninsula
a delta
an atoll
12. In addition to providing water for Indian agriculture, the Ganges River remains important to India
because it is
1.
2.
3.
4.
13.
the only source of Indian hydroelectric power
a sacred river for the Hindu population
the birthplace of Hindu culture
an unofficial boundary between the Hindus and Muslim
Chose the answer that would be the best title for the descriptions below.
I. _________________________________
A. Located in a region of volcanoes and earthquakes
B. Has limited mineral resources
C. Concentration of population in coastal plains
1.
2.
3.
4.
Geographic Features of Japan
Environmental Challenges in Mongolia
Economic Issues Facing Saudi Arabia
Factors Affecting British Industrialization
14. Which achievements are most closely associated with the Tang and Song dynasties of China?
1.
2.
3.
4.
wheel and stirrup
chinampas and calendar
gunpowder and movable wooden type
mosaics and domes
Name ___________________________________________
Global Lab – Asia Part II & III
1. Which social scientist specializes in studying issues such as the scarcity of resources and
availability of goods?
(1) anthropologist
(3) economist
(2) sociologist
(4) archaeologist
2. Which belief system is most closely associated with the terms Eightfold Path, Four Noble Truths,
and nirvana?
(1) Buddhism
(3) Judaism
(2) Christianity
(4) Shinto
3. The ancient cultures of both the Incas and the Chinese adapted to the physical geography of
their region by
(1) developing terrace farming on hillsides
(2) building chariots to protect their open plains against invaders
(3) becoming maritime traders
(4) constructing harbors to encourage exploration
4. Confucianism had a strong impact on the development of China mainly because this philosophy
(1) established a basic structure for military rule
(2) provided a basis for social order
(3) contained the framework for a communist government
(4) stressed the importance of the individual
5. A major reason for Zheng He’s voyages during the 15th century was to
(1) promote trade and collect tribute
(2) establish colonies in Africa and India
(3) seal off China’s borders from foreign influence
(4) prove the world was round
6. From the 15th to the 18th centuries, absolute monarchs of Europe and Asia sought to
(1) increase the power of the Catholic Church
(2) centralize their political power
(3) redistribute land to the peasants
(4) strengthen feudalism
7. The caste system in India was characterized by
(1) toleration for various religious beliefs
(2) equality between men and women
(3) a lack of social mobility
(4) the right of people to choose their occupations
8. The terms Bushido, samurai, and daimyo are most closely associated with which group in Japanese
history?
(1) emperors
(3) peasants
(2) warriors
(4) merchants
9. Which geographic factor had the most influence on the development of Inca society and Japanese society?
(1) frequent monsoons
(2) large deserts
(3) mountainous topography
(4) tropical climate
9. This map shows that the Silk Road
(1) crossed both Africa and Asia
(2) was located primarily in Asia
(3) followed a single route
(4) started in Khotan
11. What was one long-term impact of Marco Polo’s visit to China?
(1) The Chinese began construction of the Great Wall.
(2) The principle of divine right was introduced to China.
(3) Christianity rapidly spread throughout the Yuan Empire.
(4) Europeans increased trade with China.
12. During the late 19th century, Japan’s lack of natural resources was one reason for implementing a policy of
(1) collectivization
(2) socialism
(3) free trade
(4) imperialism
13. The development of the concept of zero, the use of a decimal system, and the Buddhist cave paintings at Ajanta
are all achievements of the
(1) Inca Empire
(2) Gupta Empire
(3) Roman Republic
(4) Kingdom of Songhai
14. Which geographic factor directly influenced the early interactions between China and Korea?
(1) location
(2) arid climate (3) monsoons
(4) tropical savannas
. . . As early as the struggle for the steppe he had spread the claim that Heaven had destined him as ruler; members
of Mongol trading caravans spread stories intended to cause panic among the local populace; forged letters were fed
to Sultan Muhammad which strengthened his mistrust of his Turkic units; freedom of religion was proclaimed; those
who offered no resistance were promised that life and property would be spared; terrible destruction was threatened
in the event of resistance; bloody examples were designed to spread fear and reduce the populace’s will to resist. . . .
— Paul Ratchnevsky, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, Blackwell Publishing
15. According to this passage, which Mongol practice contributed greatly to their success?
(1) nomadic lifestyle
(2) superior horsemanship
(3) psychological warfare
(4) religious conversion
16. During the Ming dynasty, why did China stop investing in overseas naval expeditions?
(1) Many foreigners were imitating Chinese culture.
(2) Chinese leaders saw little value in exploration.
(3) People disagreed with Confucius’s demand for more territory.
(4) Chinese merchants were threatened by foreign competition.
17. Technological achievements made during the Tang and Song dynasties were important because they
(1) were used to defeat Kublai Khan
(2) contributed to economic growth and cultural advancement
(3) increased contact with the Americas
(4) led to social equality between men and Women
18. Which statement about government during the Tokugawa period in Japan is most accurate?
(1) The power of the emperor was absolute and supreme.
(2) The real power was held by foreign countries.
(3) Actual power was held by the shogun.
(4) Political power was in the hands of the merchant class.
19. Which conclusion about Zheng He’s voyages is valid based on the information on this map?
(1) His fleet traveled only as far as the Bay of Bengal.
(2) His expeditions sailed to ports in Asia and Africa.
(3) His fleet conquered and controlled Luzon.
(4) His expeditions traded directly with the interior of Africa.
20. Based on this print below, which statement reflects an important theme in Japanese art and culture?
(1) Nature is a powerful force.
(2) Beauty is found in technological innovations.
(3) Realistic portrayals create a harmonious effect.
(4) Traditional activities should be expressed in simple forms.
DOCUMENT 1
. . . The Chief business of the East India Company in its early period, the very object for which
it was started, was to carry Indian manufactured goods—textiles, etc., as well as spices and the
like—from the East to Europe, where there was a great demand for these articles. With the
developments in industrial techniques in England a new class of industrial capitalists rose there
demanding a change in this policy. The British market was to be closed to Indian products and
the Indian market opened to British manufactures. The British parliament, influenced by this
new class, began to take a greater interest in India and the working of the East India Company.
To begin with, Indian goods were excluded from Britain by legislation, and as the company held
a monopoly in the Indian export business, this exclusion influenced other foreign markets also.
This was followed by vigorous attempts to restrict and crush Indian manufactures by various
measures and internal duties which prevented the flow of Indian goods within the country itself.
British goods meanwhile had free entry. The Indian textile industry collapsed, affecting vast
numbers of weavers and artisans. The process was rapid in Bengal and Bihar; elsewhere it
spread gradually with the expansion of British rule and the building of railways. It continued
throughout the nineteenth century, breaking up other old industries also, shipbuilding,
metalwork, glass, paper, and many crafts. . . .
Source: Jawaharlal Nehru, The Discovery of India, John Day Company, 1946
5 According to Jawaharlal Nehru, what were two ways Great Britain exploited the Indian economy?
(1)_______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
(2)_______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
DOCUMENT 2
. . . The wholesale looting and destruction of property and life in Russia during the Mongol
invasion of 1237–40 was a staggering blow which left the Russian people stunned, and for a time
disrupted the normal course of economic and political life. It is hard to estimate the Russian
casualties but they must have been tremendous, and if we include the vast throngs of civilians,
both men and women, who were enslaved by the Mongols they can hardly have been less than
10 per cent of the total population.
The cities suffered most in the debacle [disastrous defeat]. Such old centers of Russian
civilization as Kiev, Chernigov, Pereiaslav, Riazan, Suzdal, and the somewhat younger VladimirinSuzdalia, as well as a number of other towns, were thoroughly destroyed, and the first three
named above lost their former importance for several centuries. Only a few major cities in West
and North Russia such as Smolensk, Novgorod, Pskov, and Galich (Halicz) escaped devastation
at that time. The Mongol policy of conscripting [drafting] master craftsmen and skilled artisans
for the khan’s service added a new burden even for those cities which had been spared physical
destruction during the first period of the conquest. A quota of the best Russian jewelers and
craftsmen was sent to the great khan. As we have seen, Friar John of Plano Carpini met one of
them, the goldsmith Kuzma, in Guyuk’s camp. Many others were requisitioned by the khan of
the Golden Horde for his personal service as well as to build and embellish [decorate] his capital,
Saray. Artisans of various kinds — smiths, armorers, saddlers, and so on — were also assigned to
the ordus [palaces] of the members of the house of Juchi as well as to those of the major
Source: George Vernadsky, The Mongols and Russia, Yale University Press
1 According to this document, what are two ways the Mongol conquest changed Russia? [2]
(1)_______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
(2)_______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
.
38. The Four Modernizations of Deng Xiaoping in the 1970s and 1980s resulted in
(1) an emphasis on the Five Relationships
(2) a return to Maoist revolutionary principles
(3) a move toward increased capitalism
(4) the end of the communist system of government
30 Which nations have been most directly involved in the events illustrated in this time line? (Jun 07)
(1) Mongolia and China
(3) Burma and Thailand
(2) India and Pakistan
(4) Cambodia and Laos
31 Which communist nation is most closely associated with the leadership of Ho Chi Minh and the
surrender of Saigon?
(1) North Korea
(2) Soviet Union
(3) Vietnam
(4) People’s Republic of China
39 One way in which Ho Chi Minh, Fidel Castro, and Kim Jong Il are similar is that each
(1) set up democratic governments
(2) used Marxist political principles
(3) overthrew a ruling monarch
(4) promoted Confucian principles
43. Ethnic cleansing in Bosnia, the killing fields of Cambodia (Kampuchea), and the dirty war in
Argentina are all examples of
(1) nationalist revolts
(2) human rights violations
(3) international terrorism
(4) religious conflicts
37 In 2050, which concern will the Chinese government have to address as a result of the shift in the
makeup of its population? (Jan 07)
(1) military defense spending
(3) needs of an aging population
(2) production of consumer goods
(4) education of young people
32 Which statement describes one major aspect of a
command economy?
(1) Supply and demand determines what will be
produced.
(2) Most economic decisions are made by the
government.
(3) The means of production are controlled by
labor unions.
(4) The economy is mainly agricultural.
41 “Tensions Increase Over Kashmir”
“Hindus and Muslims Clash in Calcutta Riots”
“Threat of Nuclear Conflict Worries World”
These headlines refer to events in which region?
(1) Latin America
(2) sub-Saharan Africa
(3) subcontinent of India
(4) East Asia
34 What was one reason that India was divided into
two nations in 1947?
(1) Indian leaders disagreed about India’s role in
the United Nations.
(2) Great Britain feared a unified India would be
a military threat.
(3) The Soviet Union insisted that India should
have a communist government.
(4) Differences between the Hindus and the
Muslims created religious conflict.
36 Which factor most helped Communist Party
forces gain control of China after World War II?
(1) The United States sent weapons to the
Communists.
(2) The Japanese gave economic aid to the
Nationalists.
(3) The Communists gained the support of
China’s peasant class.
(4) The Chinese Nationalists set up their own
government in Taiwan.
40 One similarity between the Korean War and the
Vietnam War is that both wars were
(1) resolved through the diplomatic efforts of the
United Nations
(2) fought as a result of differing political
ideologies during the Cold War
(3) fought without foreign influence or assistance
(4) caused by religious conflicts
35 One reason the Chinese Communists were able
to gain control of China was primarily due to the
support of the
(1) peasants (3) foreigners
(2) landed elite (4) warlords
36 “India made detailed preparations for war with
Pakistan yesterday, although senior officers said
offensive operations would have to wait for the
end of searing summer temperatures and the
monsoon rain which follows. . . .”
— The Daily Telegraph (London), May 21, 2002
Which conclusion is based on this passage?
(1) Military offensives often succeed because of
monsoons.
(2) Pakistan will be destroyed by flooding and
drought.
(3) Geographic factors can influence a nation’s
military decisions.
(4) Trade has a major impact on political life in
India.