Download Document

6th Grade Life Science
Miss Sauer
ELEMENTS
• Element: is a substance that cannot be
broken down into other substances.
ATOMS
• Atom: basic building block of matter.
• An atom is the smallest unit of an element.
• All atoms of an element contain the same
number of protons.
ATOMIC NUMBER
• Atomic Number: The number of protons in
an atom.
Classification of the Periodic Table:
• Scientists classify elements based on their
properties.
Three Basic Kinds of Elements found on the
Periodic Table:
• Metals are good conductors of electricity, shiny,
and heat well.
• Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and
electricity, dull luster.
• Semi-metals have properties between metals
and non-metals (heat better than non-metals,
but poorer than metals).
Classification of the Periodic Table:
• Scientists also classify elements
according to their state of matter
(gas, solid, liquid).
• The majority of the elements on the
Periodic Table are solids (only 2 are
liquids & 11 are gases).
Broken up by Solids, Liquids, &
Gases
Br (Bromine) & Hg (Mercury) are the only
Liquid Elements at room temperature.
Broken up by Metals, Non-Metals, &
Semi-Metals (Metalloids):
What is the PERIODIC TABLE?
o
Shows all known
elements in the universe.
o
Organizes the elements
by chemical properties.
How do you read the
PERIODIC TABLE?
What is the ATOMIC NUMBER?
o
o
The number of
protons found in the
nucleus of an atom
Or
The number of
electrons surrounding
the nucleus of an
atom.
What is the SYMBOL?
o
An abbreviation of
the element name.
What is the ATOMIC WEIGHT?
o
The number of protons
and neutrons in the
nucleus of an atom.
I am Dmitri Mendeleev!
I made the PERIODIC TABLE !
Dmitri Mendeleev
Dmitri Mendeleev arranged the elements
according to their mass in 1869. This was
the first Periodic Table. The advantage of
this table was it showed relationships across
rows and columns of elements. Mendeleev
was able to predict the existence and
properties of elements that hadn’t yet been
discovered. The Periodic Table was an
important step in understanding elements’
properties.
Why Use the Periodic Table?
• The Periodic Table allows you to compare
the elements and understand their
properties.
TODAY’s PERIODIC TABLE:
• Today’s Periodic Table is arranged
according to their atomic number.
• As you move across each row, from left to
right, the atomic number increases. As
does the atomic mass.
ATOMIC NUMBER:
• The atomic number is equal to the number
of protons found in the nucleus. The more
protons in the nucleus, the more the
atomic mass will increase.
ATOMIC NUMBER
• Atomic Number: The number of protons in
an atom.
ELEMENTS:
• Elements are arranged in columns or
groups.
• Elements in any one group have similar
chemical properties.
COMPOUNDS
• A compound is made up of two or more
elements that are chemically combined.
What is an ELEMENT?
o
A substance
composed of a
single kind of atom.
o
Cannot be broken
down into another
substance by
chemical or physical
means.
What is a COMPOUND?
o
A substance in
which two or
more different
elements are
CHEMICALLY
bonded together.
What’s the difference between a
Group & a Row?
• Groups: go up and • Rows: go across
down on the
Periodic Table
What do you notice about the
Atomic Number & Atomic Mass
as you move across each
ROW?
• They both increase.
Why?
• The atomic number is equal to
the number of protons found in
the nucleus. The more protons
in the nucleus, the more
atomic mass will increase.
Protons are Important!
• Different arrangements of protons may
result in different forms of an element.
Closure Questions
• The Periodic Table is broken up in which 3
groups? (two answers)
• Elements in a group have what kind of chemical
properties?
• Mendeleev arranged the Periodic Table by?
• Today’s Periodic Table is arranged by?
• Know how to read the Periodic Table.
• Be able to give the atomic mass, atomic number,
symbol for a given element. Given a symbol, be
able to give the name of the element.