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Cell Biology Review
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Define and Identify the difference between Eukaryotic cells (nucleus) and Prokaryotic cells (no nucleus).
Draw a picture of an animal cell and label all of its parts.
Draw a picture of a plant cell and label all of its parts.
Describe the function of:
h. Ribosome
a. Nucleus
i. Endoplasmic Reticulum
b. Nucleolus
j. Golgi Body
c. Cell wall
k. Lysosome
d. Cell membrane
l. Mitochondria
e. Cytoplasm
m. Vacuole
f. Chloroplast
g. Chromosomes
Explain four differences between a plant cell and an animal cell.
o Shape (plant = rectangular while animal = circular).
o Chloroplasts in plants not animals.
o Plants have cell wall but animals do not.
o Plants have 1 large central vacuole but animals have many small ones.
Explain and describe the process of how plant cells get energy to survive (photosynthesis).
6CO2 + 6H20 + Light Energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Explain and describe the process of how animal cells get energy to survive (cellular respiration).
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP
Describe how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are similar and different.
o Photo happens only in plants while CR happens in both plants and animals.
Define Osmosis and Diffusion.
o Explain how cells move materials into and out of a cell membrane.
 areas of high concentration move towards areas of low concentration because there is less
crowding (molecules want to spread out but can’t in areas of high concentration).
Describe the organization of life from smallest to largest size:
o Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems  Organisms
Chemistry Review
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Define matter (anything that has mass and volume)
Define and identify the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, gas).
o Describe how the molecules move in a solid, liquid, and gas
Define evaporation (liquid  gas) and give an example
Define condensation (gas  liquid) and give an example
Define melting (solid  liquid) and give an example
Define freezing (liquid  solid) and give an example
Describe the direction of heat in a phase change
Define exothermic (heat leaving)
Define endothermic (heat entering)
Explain what happens to a material’s temperature during a phase change (temperature stops climbing)
Define the law of conservation of mass/matter (matter can’t be created or destroyed)
Compare a closed system to an open system
Know the formula for finding the volume of a regular solid: length x width x height.
Be able to calculate the density of different materials and compare (density = mass/volume).
o Be able to determine which material will float or sink based on density calculations; recall that the
lower density material will always float.
Define a physical change.
o Affects one or more physical properties and does not change the identity of the matter.
Identify a physical change.
o Phase changes (solid ice to liquid water)
o Change of shape or size (crushing a pop can or crumbling paper)
o Color changes that can be separated back out (black ink separates into different colors).
o When something dissolves and can be separated back out (salt water).
Define a chemical change.
o The molecules of an object change to form something new.
Identify a chemical change within a story
o Change in temperature (not the same as just adding heat; in this case the temperature comes from
the materials reacting to each other).
o Gas is produced (bubbling is a good sign)
o Odor is produced (the smell changes)
o Change in color that cannot be reversed or separated (purple cabbage juice and vinegar would not
separate).
o Precipitate forms (rust is a great example of this)
Energy Review
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MA of a lever = Large weight ÷ small weight
o Questions to ponder…
 On a lever, if a 50 gram weight sits on one end, where would you place a 100 gram weight?
Why?
 What if the weight increased to 200 grams? 500 grams? 1000 grams? Where would you
place each weight on the lever?
Define Potential Energy (stored energy)
o Calculate potential energy using PE = mass x gravity x height
Define Kinetic Energy (energy of motion such as push, pull, twist, turn)
o Calculate kinetic energy using KE = 0.5 x mass x speed2
Be able to locate areas of high and low kinetic
o Remember that the longer something falls the faster it goes leading to higher kinetic energy.
Be able to locate areas of high and low potential energy
o Remember that the higher something is the more potential energy it has.
Be able to describe how the total amount of energy in a closed system is conserved (the conservation of
energy)
Know the definitions of each of the 7 forms of energy.
o Mechanical – Combination of energy of position and energy from movement such as push, pull,
twist, turn.
o Electrical – Energy caused by the flow of electrons.
o Light – Energy caused by the vibration of electrically charged particles.
o Sound – Energy caused by particle vibrations.
o Thermal – Energy caused by the movement of particles.
o Chemical – Energy stored between atoms in chemical bonds.
o Nuclear – Energy stored in the nucleus of atoms.
Be able to distinguish which of the 7 energy forms is kinetic energy and which is potential energy.
o Potential – Nuclear, Chemical, Mechanical (potential)
o Kinetic – Electrical, Light, Sound, Thermal, Mechanical (kinetic)
Be able to compare and contrast light energy vs. sound energy.
Be able to compare and contrast chemical energy vs. nuclear energy.
Be able to complete a two step energy transformations when given a picture.
Be able to create a multiple step energy transformations.
Describe how electricity is created using fossil fuels.
o Chemical energy  thermal energy  mechanical energy  electrical energy
Know 2 pros and 2 cons for each of the 4 nonrenewable energies (coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear
energy).
Know 2 pros and 2 cons for each of the 4 renewable energies (wind, solar, geothermal, hydro).