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Interactions Among Living Things Classifications of animals: herbivores – animals that eat only plants carnivores – animals that eat only meat scavengers – eat dead animals omnivores – eat plants and animals Look at the following a/biotic factors… What do you notice??? ALL OF THESE lizard FACTORS INTERACT hawk WITH EACH OTHER IN SOME WAY!!! bacteria grasshopper grass sun How would you connect these to show the interaction? All organisms need the sun’s energy to function/live. So, how does the hawk get energy from the sun? It takes it from the lizard. Where does the lizard get its energy? It takes it from the grasshopper. Where does the grasshopper get its energy? It takes it from the grass. …and the grass gets it energy from… THE SUN!!! How does the bacteria get energy from the sun? It gets it from dead plants and animals. What is a Food Chain? -the path energy (from the sun) takes from producer to consumer to decomposer -The sun’s energy is passed from one organism to another. Do all organisms eat only one type of food? NO Are all organisms eaten by only one type of animal? A food chain only shows how energy passes from one organism to another. How do you show how all of the organisms interact in a community or an ecosystem? You must use a FOOD WEB! A FOOD WEB … … shows the relationship between all of the species in a community. … shows how populations within a community must compete for food. … is a map of overlapping food chains. All food webs start with producers. Terrestrial Producers Aquatic Producers grasses seaweed trees algae shrubs They then move to consumers... The primary consumers are usually herbivores. Secondary consumers eat primary consumers. Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers. The relationship between predators and prey is a key part of both food chains and food webs. PREY – animals hunted for food PREDATORS – animals that hunt other animals If all food webs begin with producers, what do all food webs end with? DECOMPOSERS Decomposers break down dead matter into substances that can be used by producers. What do you notice about the arrows in this aquatic food web? How are populations connected? Let’s say that a farmer uses powerful insecticides to kills pests that kill their crops. What would happen if those same chemicals killed the harmless ants that lived in that same habitat? Look at the diagram below. What would happen if the ants disappeared from the habitat? adapt To adapt to something means to change your behavior because of your surroundings. For example, if our school had been hit by the tornadoes, we would have to adapt to having classes at another school. Now that the ants are dying, what can the lizard do to adapt? The lizard can eat other insects. What will happen to the grasshopper population then? The lizards would now be competing with other animals for the grasshoppers. What if the lizards are competing with birds for the grasshoppers? You have to understand that when one animal in a food chain is affected (dies or multiplies) it will affect not only that food chain, but it will affect ALL other organisms in a food web. So, how do populations adapt to these changes? One population might leave its habitat. The population might begin eating another organism.