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Take a Moment in Time It’s never too late to get checked June 2015 | Men’s Health June 15th - 21st Did you know? The prostate is the size of a WALNUT Only MEN have prostates APPROX 3CM The prostate tends to INCREASE IN SIZE WITH AGE WHAT PROSTATE CHANGES SHOULD YOU BE AWARE OF? The symptoms for prostate cancer can be similar to prostatitis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), however some men do not have symptoms at all. Men may have other prostate changes that are not cancer. Growing older raises your risk of prostate problems. The three most common prostate problems are: SYMPTOMS FOR PROSTATE CANCER • Difficulty starting urination. • Weak or interrupted flow of urine. • Frequent urination, especially at night. 1. Inflammation (prostatitis) • Difficulty emptying the bladder completely. 2. Enlarged prostate (BPH, or • Pain or burning during urination. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) 3. Prostate cancer • Pain in the back, hips or pelvis that doesn’t go away. If you have any symptoms that worry you, be sure to see your doctor right away. Keep in mind these symptoms may be caused by conditions other than prostate cancer. The more you know... AGE The older a man is, the greater his risk for getting prostate cancer. FAMILY HISTORY FATHER MOTHER A man with a father, brother, or son who has had prostate cancer is two to three times more likely to develop the disease himself. SON SON SON GRAND SON RACE Although any man is at risk of prostate cancer, studies show that some ethnic groups are more prone to developing it than others. Aggressive vs. Slow Growing Tumors In the past few years, it has been discovered that prostate cancer really is several diseases with different causes. More aggressive tumors likely have different underlying causes than slow-growing tumors. Smoking has not been thought to be a risk factor for low-risk prostate cancer, but it may be a risk factor for aggressive prostate cancer. Lack of vegetables in the diet (especially broccoli-family such as cauliflower, kale and sprouts) is linked to a higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer, but not to low-risk prostate cancer. Body mass index, a measure of obesity, is not linked to being diagnosed with prostate cancer overall. However, obese men are more likely to have an aggressive tumor. Other risk factors for aggressive prostate cancer include: HIGH CALCIUM INTAKE LACK OF EXERCISE AND A SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE FAMILY HISTORY It is not easy to predict which tumors will grow and spread quickly and which will grow slowly. Every man should discuss his situation and risk of prostate cancer with his doctor so they can work together to make a decision. Early detection is vital According to Cancer Research UK, the five-year survival rate for men found to have the disease at stage one or two is almost 100 percent. This falls to between 70 and 80 percent at stage three. Other countries in Europe range from 48% (Denmark) to 87% (Austria). In Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia, the five-year survival rate is less than 40% in most countries. 2 Screening and Prevention Diagnostic Tests Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) - A digital rectal exam is an early, simple test to screen for prostate cancer. It can catch the disease early, when it’s most treatable. Ask your doctor if you should have one and what to expect. PSA test - PSA stands for “prostate specific antigen.” PSA is a substance produced by cells from the prostate gland and released into the blood. The PSA test measures the PSA level in the blood. The doctor checks the blood to see if the PSA level is normal. Be informed The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and American Cancer Society are among many who follow the prostate cancer screening recommendations set forth by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, which recommends against prostate specific antigen (PSA)-based screening for men who do not have symptoms. Diffferent organizations may have other recommendations so it is important to talk to your doctor and make an informed decision. Informed decision making occurs when you: • Understand the nature and risk of prostate cancer. • Understand the risks, benefits, and alternatives to screening. • Participate in the decision to be screened or not at a level you desire. • Make a decision consistent with your preferences and values. WATCH OUT FOR OUR SPECIAL EDITION THIS MONTH ON RAMADAN Previous issues... Smoking and Health APRIL What’s to come... CLICK HERE FOR APRIL NEWSLETTER Summertime Health MAY CLICK HERE FOR MAY NEWSLETTER Oral Health JULY Feedback please! We created the MetLife Well-being Newsletter to help you gain control over your own health, and live life to its fullest, healthiest potential. The information in each issue can make a positive difference in your life. Make the MetLife Well-Being Newsletter a part of your good health strategy. Let us know what you think of the newsletters, how you use it, and topics of interest: [email protected] SOURCE • • • • • • http://preventcancer.org/prevention/preventable-cancers/prostate-cancer/educational-materials/ http://www.prostatehealth.org.au/educational-resources/phip-series/phip1/ http://www.prostateconditions.org/prostate-conditions/prostate-cancer Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray, F. GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11 [Internet]. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013. Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr, accessed on 21/05/15. Center for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/prostate/basic_info/get-screened.htm National Cancer Institute: http://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/understanding-prostate-changes/prostate_booklet.pdf Disclaimer: The materials contained here are general in nature and are not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem or as a substitute to consulting a licensed medical professional. Health information should always be carefully reviewed with your health care provider. MetLife will not be held responsible for misuse of information or any adverse effects of recommendations stated in these resources. 3