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5-1 How Populations Grow o 3 important characteristics of a population 1. _______________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________ Geographic distribution ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ - A few cm for bacteria living on a rotting apple - Millions of kilometers for a population of whales. Population Density _______________________________________________________________________________ 3 factors that affect population size 1. _________________________________ 2. _________________________________ 3. _________________________________ A pop will increase or decrease in size depending on how many individuals are added or removed from it. Population Growth Birth rate > death rate = _________________________ Birth rate < death rate = _________________________ Birth rate = death rate = _________________________ Immigration- __________________________________ Emigration- the movement of individuals out of a population. Exponential Growth Occurs when the individuals in a pop reproduce at a constant rate. - ___________________________________________________________ - ___________________________________________________________ - Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources, a pop will grow exponentially. - Look at your graph from the deer population activity. At which point did the deer, lion, and resource populations grow exponentially? _________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 1 Logistic Growth (S shaped curve) Occurs when a pop’s growth slows (or stops growing exponentially) -As resources become less available, the growth of population slows or stops. - Look at your graph from the deer population activity. At which point did the deer, lion, and resource populations show logistic growth? _________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Carrying Capacity _______________________________________________________________________________ This is where the growth levels off _______________________________________________________________________________ Look at your graph from the deer population activity. At which point did the deer, lion, and resource populations reach carrying capacity? _________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Biotic Factors What are biotic factors? _________________________________________________________________ These are living influences. List some examples of biotic factors. _______________________________________________________ Density-dependent factors _______________________________________________________________________________ Density of the population matters *Reminder* What is population density? ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Examples include ________________________________________________________________ Abiotic Factors _______________________________________________________________________________ Ex. Climate (temperature, precipitation), sunlight, wind, limiting nutrients, etc. Density-independent factors _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Usually abiotic factors Examples: ______________________________________________________________________ 2 A Habitat _______________________________________________________________________________ A habitat includes both the biotic and abiotic factors. Together biotic and abiotic factors determine the survival of both an organism and the productivity of the organism’s ecosystem. Community Interactions 1. Competition a. Mutualism 2. Predation b. Commensalism 3. Symbiosis c. Parasitism Competition Competition occurs when two organism (of the same or diff species) attempt to use a resource in the same space at the same time. A resource is any life necessity. List some basic resources. _______________________________________________________________ Competitive Expulsion Principle (CEP) Direct competition in nature usually results in a winner and a loser. The loser usually fails to survive. CEP states that __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Predation Predation is _____________________________________________________________________ The organism that does the killing is called the ______________________________ The organism that gets killed is called the _____________________ Symbiosis Symbiosis is any relationship in which 2 species live closely together. There are 3 main types of symbiosis. 1. __________________________- both species benefit from the relationship. 2. __________________________- One organism is helped by the relationship, the other, is neither helped nor harmed. 3. __________________________- One organism lives on or inside another organism, and harms it. o The parasite receives all or part of its nutrition from the host organism. o The host is weakened, but not usually killed. Ex. tapeworm 3