Download Standard 2

STANDARD 2. Cell Biology Central Concepts: Cells have specific structures and
functions that make them distinctive. Processes in a cell can be classified broadly as
growth, maintenance, and reproduction.
STANDARD 2. Cell Biology Central Concepts: Cells have specific structures and
functions that make them distinctive. Processes in a cell can be classified broadly as
growth, maintenance, and reproduction.
2.1 Relate cell parts/organelles to their functions. Explain the role of cell
(ANIMAL or PLANT)
membranes
as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion,
This is an ___________________
active
cell. transport).
2.1 Relate cell parts/organelles to their functions. Explain the role of cell
(ANIMAL or PLANT)
membranes
as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion,
This is an ___________________
active
cell. transport).
Stores genetic
information (DNA) and
controls functions of cell
Stores genetic
information (DNA) and
controls functions of cell
Gel-like substance
that fills a cell
Produces energy for the
cell in the form of ATP
molecules
Transports proteins
through the cell
Contain enzymes to
break down waste in the
cell
Site of protein
synthesis
Maintains shape and
organization of the cell
Gel-like substance
that fills a cell
Produces energy for the
cell in the form of ATP
molecules
Transports proteins
through the cell
Contain enzymes to
break down waste in the
cell
Site of protein
synthesis
Maintains shape and
organization of the cell
Modifies and
packages proteins
Controls what enters
and leaves the cell
Modifies and
packages proteins
Maintains
shape of the
cell
Stores water
and nutrients
This is a ___________________ cell because it
has…
Controls what enters
and leaves the cell
Maintains
shape of the
cell
Stores water
and nutrients
Absorbs energy from
sunlight and uses it to
make sugars
This is a ___________________ cell because it
has…
Absorbs energy from
sunlight and uses it to
make sugars
2.1 (continued)Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier
(diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport).
WORD BANK: does not, does, energy, water, high, low, proteins, ATP,
phospholipid, selectively
2.1 (continued)Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier
(diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport).
WORD BANK: does not, does, energy, water, high, low, proteins, ATP,
phospholipid, selectively
The cell membrane is made of a _______________________ bilayer. The cell
membrane is semipermeable or __________________ permeable, which means
some molecules but NOT ALL molecules can pass through.
The cell membrane is made of a _______________________ bilayer. The cell
membrane is semipermeable or __________________ permeable, which means
some molecules but NOT ALL molecules can pass through.
Passive transport ______________ require __________________.
1. Diffusion: molecules move from ________ to _________ concentration
2. Osmosis: ___________ molecules move from ______ to _______ conc.
3. Facilitated diffusion: movement of molecules from _______ to ______
concentration with help from ______________ in the cell membrane
Active transport ___________ require ______________, in the form of ________.
Passive transport ______________ require __________________.
1. Diffusion: molecules move from ________ to _________ concentration
2. Osmosis: ___________ molecules move from ______ to _______ conc.
3. Facilitated diffusion: movement of molecules from _______ to ______
concentration with help from ______________ in the cell membrane
Active transport ___________ require ______________, in the form of ________.
2.2 Compare and contrast, at the cellular level, the general structures and
degrees of complexity of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
2.2 Compare and contrast, at the cellular level, the general structures and
degrees of complexity of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
PROKARYOTE
Examples:
EUKARYOTE
Examples:
PROKARYOTE
Examples:
EUKARYOTE
Examples:
Has a nucleus?
YES or NO
Has a nucleus?
YES or NO
Has a nucleus?
YES or NO
Has a nucleus?
YES or NO
Has organelles?
YES or NO
Has organelles?
YES or NO
Has organelles?
YES or NO
Has organelles?
YES or NO
Contains DNA?
YES or NO
Contains DNA?
YES or NO
Contains DNA?
YES or NO
Contains DNA?
YES or NO
2.4 Identify the reactants, products, and basic purposes of photosynthesis and
cellular respiration.
1.__________ 2.___________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5.____________
2.4 Identify the reactants, products, and basic purposes of photosynthesis and
cellular respiration.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: produces energy in PLANTS AND ANIMALS.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: produces energy in PLANTS AND ANIMALS.
___________ + ___________  _____________ + ____________ + ___________
___________ + ___________  _____________ + ____________ + ___________
Main idea: Turn ____________ into ___________.
Main idea: Turn ____________ into ___________.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: produces energy in PLANTS ONLY.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: produces energy in PLANTS ONLY.
__________ + ___________ + _____________  ____________ + ___________
__________ + ___________ + _____________  ____________ + ___________
Main idea: Turn ___________________ into ___________.
Main idea: Turn ___________________ into ___________.
WORD BANK: chloroplast, mitochondria, oxygen,
carbon dioxide
Cellular respiration occurs in the
___________________ of a cell. This process takes
_______________ out of the air and adds
________________________to the atmosphere (air).
Photosynthesis occurs in the ___________________
of a plant cell. This process takes _______________
out of the air and adds
________________________to the atmosphere (air).
WORD BANK: chloroplast, mitochondria, oxygen,
carbon dioxide
Cellular respiration occurs in the
___________________ of a cell. This process takes
_______________ out of the air and adds
________________________to the atmosphere (air).
Photosynthesis occurs in the ___________________
of a plant cell. This process takes _______________
out of the air and adds ________________________to
the atmosphere (air).
Common MCAS Answers
If the question is about energy/ATP/mitochondria, choose the answer…
 Energy
 ATP stores and releases energy
 Mitochondria
 Photosynthesis/cellular respiration
2.5 Explain the important role that ATP serves in metabolism.
2.6 Describe the cell cycle and the process of mitosis. PMATC
2.5 Explain the important role that ATP serves in metabolism.
Common MCAS Answers
If the question is about energy/ATP/mitochondria, choose the answer…
 Energy
 ATP stores and releases energy
 Mitochondria
 Photosynthesis/cellular respiration
2.6 Describe the cell cycle and the process of mitosis. PMATC
1.__________ 2.___________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5.____________
WORD BANK: same, preserved, does, does not, change, two, four, identical, different,
sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction.
The end result of mitosis is _______ _______________ daughter cells. Through this
process of cell division (mitosis), the number of chromosomes is________________,
which means the number of chromosomes ______________ ____________. It is the
__________ in the beginning and in the end. Mitosis is also used in _____________
___________________ where there is only one parent and the offspring are clones.
**A virus IS NOT living. Viruses CANNOT reproduce independently like cells in
mitosis. They need to infect a HOST ORGANISM/CELL and use it to reproduce.**
WORD BANK: same, preserved, does, does not, change, two, four, identical, different,
sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction.
The end result of mitosis is _______ _______________ daughter cells. Through this
process of cell division (mitosis), the number of chromosomes is________________,
which means the number of chromosomes ______________ ____________. It is the
__________ in the beginning and in the end. Mitosis is also used in _____________
___________________ where there is only one parent and the offspring are clones.
Draw a line to match each stage of the cell cycle.
Draw a line to match each stage of the cell cycle.
G1(Gap 1)
S(Synthesis)
G2(Gap 2)
M(Mitosis)
Cell grows again to prepare for division
Cell grows and duplicates organelles
The cell divides to produce 2 genetically identical cells
DNA is replicated
2.7 Describe how the process of meiosis results in the formation of haploid cells.
Explain the importance of this process in sexual reproduction.
MITOSIS
Produces 2 genetically identical cells
Produces diploid cells (two sets of
each chromosome)
Used in asexual reproduction
MEIOSIS
Produces ______ genetically
___________________ cells
Produces ______________ cells
(one set of each chromosome)
Used in ________________ repro.
G1(Gap 1)
S(Synthesis)
G2(Gap 2)
M(Mitosis)
Cell grows again to prepare for division
Cell grows and duplicates organelles
The cell divides to produce 2 genetically identical cells
DNA is replicated
2.7 Describe how the process of meiosis results in the formation of haploid cells.
Explain the importance of this process in sexual reproduction.
MITOSIS
Produces 2 genetically identical cells
Produces diploid cells (two of each
chromosome)
Used in asexual reproduction
MEIOSIS
Produces ______ genetically
___________________ cells
Produces ______________ cells
(one set of each chromosome)
Used in ________________ repro.
WORD BANK: sperm, egg, sexual reproduction, zygote, asexual reproduction, crossing over
WORD BANK: sperm, egg, sexual reproduction, zygote, asexual reproduction, crossing over
Meiosis is used in ___________ ___________________,
where there are two parents and the offspring are genetically
different. The male gametes (sex cells), called
____________, and the female gametes, called ________,
unite during fertilization to form a ___________, which
develops into a baby.
Sexual reproduction
can produces
genetically different individuals because of
_______________________, the process
where chromosomes physically overlap and
exchange genes during meiosis.
Meiosis is used in ___________ ___________________,
where there are two parents and the offspring are genetically
different. The male gametes (sex cells), called
____________, and the female gametes, called ________,
unite during fertilization to form a ___________, which
develops into a baby.
Sexual reproduction
can produces
genetically different individuals because of
_______________________, the process
where chromosomes physically overlap and
exchange genes during meiosis.
2.8 Compare and contrast a virus and a cell.
2.8 Compare and contrast a virus and a cell.
**A virus IS NOT living. Viruses CANNOT reproduce independently like cells in
mitosis. They need to infect a HOST ORGANISM/CELL and use it to reproduce.**