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Learning outcomes: 1 I can distinguish between amps and volts. 2 I can identify a circuit. 1.2 – Current Electricity Current Electricity Static electricity = motionless….no movement. Current electricity = has motion, needs a flow of electricity. This steady flow of charged particles is called electrical current. This flow of particles is emitted by batteries, electricity, etc… Amperes (How fast it moves) : The RATE at which an electrical current flows is measured in AMPERES (A). This flow varies to a bit to a lot. To allow flow rate, you need to use CONDUCTORS, where particles can easily move. To measure amps, you use an Amperemeter. Circuits: A pathway that allows the flow of electricity. Most use wires as conductors. A circuit consists of a conductor, an energy source, a load and often a switch (to control the flow.) Electrical Energy and Voltage (How much energy a charge can possibly be used): Voltage is a measure of how much energy each particle carries. This is also called “potential difference’. That means the higher the voltage, the greater the potential it has to use big amounts of energy. The energy delivered by a flow of charged particles is equal to the voltage, times the total charge of the electrons. Voltage units are volts (V) You use a VOLTMETER to measure volts. When using the VOLTMETER, always put the RED with the +, and the BLACK with the -. (Same as booster cables.) You can connect the voltmeter to the computer. Graph analysis 1. What is the subject? 2. What conclusion can be made with this graph? 3. What can be inferred from this graph? Allez au site (http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/new). On va commencez avec La construction des circuits (Circuit Construction Kit-DC only) simulation, found under Physics -> Electricity, Magnets and Circuits. Part I: Build a simple circuit (6 minutes) 1. 2. 3. 4. Click schematic on the right side. Use 3 minutes to explore. Push on reset. Build a circuit using the following: wire, two batteries, a light, an ammeter and a switch . a. Make sure the ammeter is connected to both sides of the wire. See image above. 5. Draw a diagram of your circuit Part 2 : Measuring current Question : Does current vary depending on the location of the circuit? 1. Use your previous circuit 2. Measure your current and add the values in the chart below i) ii) iii) iv) After the battery (POISITION A), After the switch (POSITION B) After the light (POISITION C) Before entering the battery (POSITION D) 3. Current Ammeter position 4. Analysis i) Compare the current before and after the battery? What are your observations?______________ Electrical current Open switch Closed switch A B C ________________________ D ________________________ ________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______ ii) Compare current before and after the light? What do you observe? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ _____________ iii) How does opening the switch afect current? ____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ _______ iv) What are the conditions required to have current in a cirucuit? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________ Part III : Measuring Voltage Question : Is the voltage (potential difference) the same at different locations in the circuit? Voltage Position of voltmeter A B C D E F Voltage (V) Without lights 1. Use you first circuit however add a second light after the first one. 2. Measure voltage and add your results to the chart. i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) Around the battery (POISITION A), Around the switch (POSITION B) Around the light (POISITION C) Around the other light (POISITION D) Around both lights (POSITION E) Between the second light and the + side of the battery ( POSITION F) 3. Take off both lights and measure voltage. 4. Analyse i) What part of the circuit does current come from?____________________________ ii) What is using the current?______________________________ iii) Compare voltage in position A and E. _______et ________ iv) Compare the created and used voltage of the circuit. ____________ et ________________ v) Is the voltage the same between either light compared to the entire circuit? ____________________________________________________________________ _______ vi) When you take off the lights from the circuit, does the voltage from position E vary? If yes, explain why? _____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ________________ Vocabulary – Static electricity, current electricity, amperes, ammeter, conductor, circuit, energy source, load, voltage, voltmeter, amps (A), volts (V) Answer questions from page 283 - #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8