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Motion of toy car
Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of this report is to investigate the motion of a toy car. Motion is the
process of an object moving from one place to another. A force will need to apply
to an object for it to start moving. In the experiment, a toy car in different
weights will slide down a slope in different angles and materials, impacts of these
changes will be investigated. An object on a slope will slide down the slope faster
as the angle of slope increased, it will takes less time to hit the ground on a slope
that has less friction, it wills also takes less time to hit the ground if the toy car
is heavier. The change of angle of the slope will changes the height where the toy
car is dropped, change in height and the mass of the toy car will affect the
potential energy and kinetic energy of the car, as the angle of the slope changes,
which increase the height of the starting point, it will result in an increase of
potential and kinetic energy.
Energy
An object can store energy as a result of its position. Potential energy is the
stored energy of position possessed by an object, it exist when an object with
mass has a position within a force field. The relation between potential energy
and the mass, gravity and the height of the object above earth surface is shown
below. As the mass and the height of the object increased, the potential energy
increased as well.
PE=potential energy (J)
m=mass (kg)
g= gravitational acceleration of the earth (9.8
)
h= height of the object above earth surface
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion that exists when an object with mass is in
motion with velocity. As the mass and velocity increased, the kinetic energy
increased.
KE =
KE= kinetic energy (J)
m = mass (kg)
v = velocity (m/s)
Force
Newton’s second law
Newton’s second law is also involved in the motion of a toy car. Newton’s second
law of motion states that the relationship between an object’s mass m, its
acceleration a, and the applied force F is
. Acceleration and force are
vectors. In this law the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of
the acceleration vector. As the net force F acting on an object increased, the
acceleration of the object increased. As the mass of an object increased, the
acceleration increased too.
Momentum
Momentum is a vector measurement. It is the combination of mass and velocity.
It refers to the quantity of motion that an object has. Velocity and mass of the
object are used to calculate the momentum.
P = momentum (kg m/s)
m = mass of the object (kg)
v = velocity of the object (m/s)
Force on a slope
F= force (N)
m = mass (kg)
µ=friction (
)
g = gravity (9.8 m/s)
Friction
Friction is the resistant force against the relative motion of different surfaces.
Coefficient of friction is the dimensionless scalar value that described the ratio of
force and friction between two objects.