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The Gilded Age:
1870-1900
The Gilded Age
The Second Industrial Revolution
The Rise of the City
The Rise of Immigration
Labor and Domestic Tensions
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The Gilded Age:
1870-1900
(continued)
The Transformation of the West
Corruption and Reform
The Agrarian and Populist Movements
Culture in the Gilded Age
American Imperialism
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900 > The Gilded Age
The Gilded Age
• The Gilded Age
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900 > The Second Industrial Revolution
The Second Industrial Revolution
• The Second Industrial Revolution
• The Transcontinental Railroads
• Modern Management
• The Inventions of the Telephone and Electricity
• Laissez-Faire and the Supreme Court
• Robber Barons and the Captains of Industry
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900 > The Rise of the City
The Rise of the City
• The Rise of the City
• Tenements and Overcrowding
• Urban Politics
• The Environmental Impact of Cities
• The White City, Chicago and the World Columbian Exposition
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900 > The Rise of Immigration
The Rise of Immigration
• The Pull to America
• The Nativist Response to Immigration
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900 > Labor and Domestic Tensions
Labor and Domestic Tensions
• The Rise of Unions
• Anarchism
• Socialism and the Unions
• The Working Woman
• Child Labor
• Coxey's Army
• The Railroad Strikes
• The Homestead Lockout
• The Cripple Creek Miners' Strike of 1894
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900 > The Transformation of the West
The Transformation of the West
• Territorial Government
• The Diversity of the West
• Ranchers, Cowboys, and Cattle
• Pioneer Women
• The American Indian Wars
• American Indian Policy
• The End of the Frontier
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900 > Corruption and Reform
Corruption and Reform
• Politics in the Gilded Age
• Civil Service Reform
• The Scurrilous Campaign
• Republican Reform Under Harrison
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900 > The Agrarian and Populist Movements
The Agrarian and Populist Movements
• Economic Conditions
• The Granger Movement
• The Farmer's Alliance
• The Populist Movement
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900 > Culture in the Gilded Age
Culture in the Gilded Age
• Social Darwinism in America
• The Family Economy: Women and Children
• Outdoor Recreation
• Mass Marketing, Advertising, and Consumer Culture
• Cheap Amusements
• The Rise of Realism
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900 > American Imperialism
American Imperialism
• American Imperialism
• The Spanish-American War
• Markets and Missionaries
• The Open Door Policy
• The Philippine-American War
• The Banana Wars
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Appendix
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Key terms
• "Political Machines" A political machine is a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the
support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts. The
machine's power is based on the ability of the workers to get out the vote for their candidates on election day.
• Alexander Berkman A writer and political activist and leader of the anarchist movement in the early 20th century. He was jailed
for 14 years in the United States for the attempted murder of Henry Frick, head of U.S. Steel, before being deported to Russia.
• Allotment and Assimilation Era This period of allotment over tribal lands (1887–1943) became known as the "Allotment and
Assimilation Era" mainly because of the main goal of alloting tribal land was to Americanize native peoples into mainstream
society. The notion that native peoples could live their lives according to traditional practices and teachings on the reservation
was forbidden, thus assimilation became the epitome of Federal Indian Policy.
• alternating current an electric current in which the direction of flow of the electrons reverses periodically having an average of
zero, with positive and negative values (with a frequency of 50 Hz in Europe, 60 Hz in the US, 400 Hz for airport lighting, and
some others); especially such a current produced by a rotating generator or alternator.
• American Anti-Imperialist League A U.S. organization which opposed U.S. control of the Philippines as a violation of republican
principles. The group also believed in free-trade, the gold standard, and limited government. On the question of imperialism, the
AAIL was defeated by progressives, who generally supported American empire.
• American Exceptionalism A belief, central to American political culture since the Revolution, that Americans have a unique
mission among nations to spread freedom and democracy. American exceptionalism remains popular among Americans, but
might be associated with aggressive and exclusionary (and thus unjust) policies.
• American Imperialism This term refers to the economic, military, and cultural influence of the United States on other countries.
• American Missionary Association Started as an abolitionist organization in the 1840's, the AMA supported the education of
freed blacks, founding hundreds of schools and colleges.
• amusement park A commercially-operated collection of rides, games and other entertainment attractions, which became highly
popular among Americans during the first decades of the 20th century.
• anarcho-syndicalist Adherents to the branch of anarchism which favors the organization of the economy into syndicates, or
economic co-ops.
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• Annexation of Hawaii Hawaii was annexed by the United States when President William McKinley signed the Newlands
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
• Battle of Manila The battle which began the Philippine-American War of 1899. The war resulted in American victory and colonial
rule over the Philippines until 1946.
• Bennett Law The Bennett Law was a controversial Wisconsin law passed in 1889 that required public and private schools to
teach most subjects in English. The law was opposed by the state's large German-American population, but was typical of the
assimilationist education policy of the Progressive Era.
• Bessemer Process The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from
molten pig iron.
• bicycle craze Sudden consumer enthusiasm for bicycles during the 1890's, precipitated by improvements in bike design.
• Billion Dollar Congress The 51st United States Congress that met from 1889 to 1891, during the first two years of the
administration of U.S. President Benjamin Harrison. It was criticized as the "Billion Dollar Congress'" for its lavish spending.
• biological determinism The interpretation of humans and human life from a strictly biological point of view.
• Bourbon Democrats Bourbon Democrat was a term used in the United States from 1876 to 1904 to refer to a member of the
Democratic Party, conservative or classical liberal, especially one who supported Charles O'Conor in 1872, Samuel J. Tilden in
1876, President Grover Cleveland in 1884–1888/1892–1896, and Alton B. Parker in 1904. After 1904, the Bourbons faded
away.
• buffalo soldier An African-American soldier in the U.S. Army, serving in one of a number of segregated units under white
officers in the period after the U.S. Civil War up to the final racial integration of the U.S. military at the end of the Korean War.
• burlesque A genre of variety show, emerging in the 1860's and evolving into a a very popular blend of satire, performance art,
music hall, and adult entertainment.
• Canadian West Western Canada, also referred to as the Western provinces and commonly as the West, is a region of Canada
that includes the four provinces west of the province of Ontario.
• Chester A. Arthur Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 – November 18, 1886) was the 21st President of the United States
(1881–1885). Becoming President after the assassination of President James A. Garfield, Arthur struggled to overcome
suspicions of his beginnings as a politician from the New York City Republican machine, succeeding at that task by embracing
the cause of civil service reform. His advocacy for, and enforcement of, the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act was the
centerpiece of his administration.
• Colored Farmers' National Alliance and Cooperative Union Colored Farmers' National Alliance and Cooperative Union was
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formed in 1886 in the American state of Texas. Despite the factFree
thatto both
black and white farmers faced great difficulties due to
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
• Compulsory Education Compulsory education refers to a period of education that is required of every person.
• Cooperative Extension Service The Cooperative Extension Service, also known as the Extension Service of the USDA, is a
non-formal educational program implemented in the United States designed to help people use research-based knowledge to
improve their lives. The service is provided by the state's designated land-grant universities. In most states the educational
offerings are in the areas of agriculture and food, home and family, the environment, community economic development, and
youth and 4-H.
• Coxey's Army Coxey's Army was a protest march by unemployed workers on Washington D.C. in 1894. The march was
intended to protest unemployment and President Cleveland's economic policies. It was prevented from reaching the capital by
the U.S. army.
• Crop-Lien System The crop-lien system is a credit system that became widely used by farmers in the United States in the
South from the 1860s to the 1920s.
• Daniel De Leon An American socialist newspaper editor, politician, Marxist theoretician, and trade union organizer. He was the
leading figure in the Socialist Labor Party of America from 1890 until his death in 1914.
• Dependent and Disability Pension Act The Dependent and Disability Pension Act was passed by the United States Congress in
1890, and signed into law by President Benjamin Harrison. The Act provided pensions for all Union Army veterans who had
served ninety days and who were unable to perform manual labor, whether or not the cause of their disability was related to
their service in the American Civil War. The Act also provided pensions for minors, dependent parents, and widows of veterans.
• Dime Museums Institutions providing cheap entertainment, very popular at the end of the 19th century among the working
classes.
• direct current an electric current in which the electrons flow in one direction, but may vary with time.
• efficiency The extent to which time is well used for the intended task. Improved efficiency was a principle goal of progressives,
one they thought attainable by the application of scientific and rational thought to social problems.
• Eugene Debs Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs (1855–1926) was an American union leader, one of the founding members of the
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies), and several times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for
President of the United States.
• eugenics A social philosophy that advocates the improvement of human hereditary qualities through selective breeding.
• Evangelical Of or relating to any of several Christian Churches that believe in the sole authority of the gospels.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
• Exodusters Exodusters was a name given to African-Americans who fled the Southern United States for Kansas in 1879 and
1880. After the end of Reconstruction, racial oppression and rumors of the reinstitution of slavery led many freedmen to seek
new places to live.
• expansionism The policy, of a nation, of expanding its territory or its economic influence.
• Family Economy The term Family Economy can be used to describe the family as an economic unit. The early stages of
development in many economies are characterized by family based production.
• Farm Credit System The Farm Credit System (FCS) is a federally chartered network of cooperatives and related service
organizations that lends to agricultural producers, rural homeowners, farm-related businesses, and agricultural, aquatic, and
public utility cooperatives in the United States. Federal oversight by the Farm Credit Administration (FCA) is designed to
provide for the safety and soundness of FCS institutions.
• fascism A political regime, having totalitarian aspirations, ideologically based on a relationship between business and the
centralized government, business-and-government control of the market place, repression of criticism or opposition, a leader
cult and exalting the state and/or religion above individual rights. Originally only applied (usually capitalized) to Benito
Mussolini's Italy.
• Frederick Law Olmsted American journalist, public administrator, and landscape designer, popularly considered the father of
American landscape architecture. Olmsted is famous for co-designing many well-known urban parks including Central Park and
Prospect Park in New York City.
• General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC) The General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC), founded in 1890, is an
international women's organization dedicated to community improvement by enhancing the lives of others through volunteer
service. GFWC is one of the world's largest and oldest nonpartisan, nondenominational women's volunteer service
organizations.
• gold standard A monetary system where the value of circulating money is linked to the value of gold.
• Governor Davis H. Waite Populist Party governor of Colorado during the Cripple Creek Miner's Strike. When Sheriff Bowers of
Colorado City raised a large army of strikebreaking deputies, Gov. Waite ordered them to disband, and negotiated on behalf of
the striking miners.
• Granger Laws The Granger laws were a series of laws passed in Southern states of the United States after the American Civil
War to regulate grain elevator, railroad freight rates and to address long- and short-haul discrimination. They were passed
through political agitation both by merchants' associations and by so-called Granger parties, which were third parties formed
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most often by members of the Patrons of Husbandry, an organization
for farmers
commonly
called
the at
Grange.
The Granger
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
• Henry Clay Frick An American industrialist and financier who was chairman of U.S. Steel during the Homestead Strike of 1892.
He is widely vilified for his ruthlessness and lack of business ethics.
• Henry Ford The founder of Ford Motor Company and pioneer of the assembly line. Fordism—the mass production of
inexpensive consumer goods with high wages for laborers—revolutionized the American economy.
• Herbert Spencer An English philosopher, biologist, sociologist. Spencer was highly influential in proposing economic and
political theories based on Darwin's theories of evolution. Spencer influenced many American thinkers including, most notably,
William Graham Sumner.
• Homestead Act A homestead act was one of three United States federal laws that gave an applicant ownership at no cost of
farmland called a "homestead" – typically 160 acres (65 hectares or one-fourth section) of undeveloped federal land west of the
Mississippi River.
• Homestead Act of 1862 The Homestead Act of 1862 was one of three United States federal laws that gave an applicant
ownership at no cost of farmland called a "homestead" – typically 160 acres (65 hectares or one-fourth section) of undeveloped
federal land west of the Mississippi River.
• immigrant A person who comes to a country from another country in order to permanently settle in the new country.
• immigrant A person who comes to a country from another country in order to permanently settle in the new country.
• immigrant A person who comes to a country from another country in order to permanently settle in the new country.
• Jacob Coxey An Ohio politician who led the march of Coxey's army on Washington to protest unemployment. Though the
marches were unsuccessful, they did spark political interest in governmental action against unemployment--an area integral to
the New Deal, 40 years later.
• Jacob Riis Jacob August Riis (May 3, 1849 – May 26, 1914) was a Danish American social reformer, "muckraking" journalist
and social documentary photographer. He is known for using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the impoverished
in New York City; those impoverished New Yorkers were the subject of most of his prolific writings and photography. He
endorsed the implementation of "model tenements" in New York with the help of humanitarian Lawrence Veiller.
• James G. Blaine James Gillespie Blaine (January 31, 1830 – January 27, 1893) was an American Republican politician who
served as United States Representative, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, U.S. Senator from Maine,
and twice as Secretary of State. He was nominated for President in 1884, but was narrowly defeated by Democrat Grover
Cleveland. Blaine was one of the late nineteenth century's leading Republicans and champion of the moderate reformist faction
of the party known as the "Half-Breeds".
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• laissez-faire Laissez-faire is an economic environment in which transactions between private parties are free from tariffs,
government subsidies, and enforced monopolies, with only enough government regulations sufficient to protect property rights
against theft and aggression. The phrase laissez-faire is French and literally means "let [them] do," but it broadly implies "let it
be," "let them do as they will," or "leave it alone. "
• Land Scrip A form of credit granting its holder entitlement to certain tracts of land.
• layoff A dismissal of employees from their jobs because of tightened budgetary constraints or work shortage (not due to poor
performance or misconduct).
• Lochner vs. New York Lochner vs. New York (1905), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case which held that
"liberty of contract" was implicit in the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The case involved a New York law
that limited the number of hours that a baker could work each day to ten, and limited the number of hours that a baker could
work each week to 60. By a five to four vote, the Supreme Court rejected the argument that the law was necessary to protect
the health of bakers, deciding it was a labor law attempting to regulate the terms of employment, and calling it an
"unreasonable, unnecessary and arbitrary interference with the right and liberty of the individual to contract. "
• Machine Politics In U.S. politics, a party organization, headed by a single boss or small autocratic group, that commands
enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state.
• management administration; the process or practice of managing.
• Marines The branch of the United States armed forces responsible for rapidly delivered, combined force operations. The
Marines carried out most of the US military operations of the Banana Wars.
• mass transit A large-scale transportation system in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles.
• McKinley Tariff The Tariff Act of 1890, commonly called the McKinley Tariff, was an act of the United States Congress framed
by Representative William McKinley that became law on October 1, 1890. The tariff raised the average duty on imports to
almost 50%, an act designed to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.
• mechanization The use of machinery to replace human or animal labor, especially in agriculture and industry.
• Mining Camps A mining community, also known as a mining town or a mining camp, is a community that houses miners.
Mining communities are usually created around a mine or a quarry for the extraction or smeltering of ore.
• modernism A movement in art, architecture, literature, philosophy, and music that flourished in the 20th century. Modernism
rejected realism and Enlightenment thought, prioritizing originality and subjectivity.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
• monopoly A monopoly (from Greek monos μ (alone or single) + polein π (to sell)) exists when a specific person or enterprise is
the only supplier of a particular commodity (this contrasts with a monopsony which relates to a single entity's control of a
market to purchase a good or service, and with oligopoly which consists of a few entities dominating an industry). Monopolies
are thus characterized by a lack of economic competition to produce the good or service and a lack of viable substitute goods.
• mugwump An independent neutral politician, especially in reference to the 1884 U.S. presidential election.
• National Child Labor Committee The private, non-profit organization that was the leading proponent of national child labor
reform during the Progressive era. The NCLC worked to exposed child labor and pass state and national child labor laws. The
NCLC succeeded in establishing the United States' Children's Bureau in 1912.
• Nikola Tesla Nikola Tesla (Serbian Cyrillic: Н Т; 10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian-American inventor, physicist,
mechanical engineer, electrical engineer, and futurist. He was an important contributor to the use of commercial electricity, and
is best known for his contributions to the modern alternating current (AC) electrical supply system.
• Ocala Demands In December 1890, the National Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union, more commonly known as the
Southern Farmers' Alliance, its affiliate the Colored Farmers' Alliance, and the Farmers' Mutual Benefit Association met jointly
in the Marion Opera House in Ocala, Florida where they adopted the Ocala Demands. The demands were a platform for
economic and political reform and later were adopted by the People's Party.
• Open Door Policy A policy which governed the relationship between China and the imperial powers (Britain, France, Germany,
Italy, Russia, the U.S., and Japan) during the early 1900's. The policy forbade the imperial powers from taking Chinese territory
and from interfering with each other's economic activities in China.
• Panic of 1893 The Panic of 1893 was a serious economic depression in the United States that began in 1893. Similar to the
Panic of 1873, this panic was marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding and shaky railroad financing, which set off a
series of bank failures. Compounding market overbuilding and the railroad bubble was a run on the gold supply.
• Pendleton Act The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (ch. 27, 22 Stat. 403) of United States is a federal law established in
1883 that stipulated that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit.
• Philippine Revolution of 1896 An armed conflict in which Philippine revolutionaries tried to win national independence from
Spanish colonial rule. Power struggles among the revolutionaries and conflict with Spanish forces continued throughout the
Spanish-American War.
• Pike's Peak Gold Rush of 1859 Later known as the Colorado Gold Rush, the boom in gold prospecting and mining in the Pike's
Peak Country of western Kansas Territory and southwestern Nebraska Territory of the United States. It began in July 1858 and
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lasted until roughly the creation of the Colorado Territory on February
28, print,
1861.
An
estimated
100,000
seekers took part in
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
• pollution The act of polluting or the state of being polluted, especially the contamination of the environment by harmful
substances.
• popery The teachings and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. Roman Catholicism was mistrusted by Protestant critics of
immigration in the United States.
• Prairie Frontier The American frontier comprises the geography, history, folklore, and cultural expression of life in the forward
wave of American westward expansion from the original colonial settlements to the early 20th century. Enormous popular
attention in the media focuses on the second half of the 19th century, a period sometimes called the Old West, or the Wild
West.
• prototype An instance of a category or a concept that combines its most representative attributes.
• Public sphere The public sphere is an area in social life where individuals can come together to freely discuss and identify
societal problems, and through that discussion influence political action.
• Reading Railroad Massacre An action by the Pennsylvania State Militia, quelling a riot in Reading Pennsylvania during the
Great Railroad Strike of 1877.
• Realism Realism, in the arts, is the attempt to depict subjects as they exist in objective reality, without embellishment or
interpretation. Realism presupposes that an objective reality exists, independent of the one's perspective.
• Red Cloud Red Cloud (Lakota: Maȟpíya Lúta), (1822 – December 10, 1909) was a war leader and a chief of the Oglala Lakota
(Sioux). He led as a chief from 1868 to 1909. One of the most capable Native American opponents the United States Army
faced, he led a successful campaign in 1866–1868 known as Red Cloud's War over control of the Powder River Country in
northeastern Wyoming and southern Montana.
• redevelopment The demolition of old, redundant or unfashionable buildings or infrastructure and the construction of new ones
on the same site.
• reform Amendment of what is defective, vicious, corrupt, or depraved; reformation; as, reform of elections; reform of
government.
• robber baron Especially in the 19th century and early 20th century, a business tycoon who had great wealth and influence but
whose methods were morally questionable.
• Roosevelt Corollary The Roosevelt Corollary is a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine that was articulated by President Theodore
Roosevelt in his State of the Union Address in 1904. The corollary states that the United States will intervene in conflicts
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between European Nations and Latin American countries to enforce
legitimate claims of the European powers, rather than
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
• sanitation The policy and practice of protecting health through hygienic measures.
• Santa Fe Trail The Santa Fe Trail was a 19th-century transportation route through central North America that connected
Franklin, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico. Pioneered in 1821 by William Becknell, it served as a vital commercial and
military highway until the introduction of the railroad to Santa Fe in 1880.
• Scientific Management A theory of management intended to maximize labor productivity and economic efficiency. Also known
as Taylorism, it was developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s, and involved the rational analysis of
workflows. It attempted to adjust the time and motion of workers' activities so as to maximize their efficiency. This theory was
one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes, and to management.
• Second Industrial Revolution The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, was a phase of
the larger Industrial Revolution corresponding to the latter half of the 19th century until World War I. It is considered to have
begun with Bessemer steel in the 1860s and culminated in mass production and the production line.
• Second Industrial Revolution Also known as the Technological Revolution. The second phase of the Industrial Revolution;
lasted from the 1860s until World War I. It began with the innovation of Bessemer steel and culminated in mass production and
the production line.
• Silver Coinage Silver coins are possibly the oldest mass-produced form of coinage. Silver has been used as a coinage metal
since the time of the Greeks.
• Social Darwinism Social Darwinism is an ideology of society that seeks to apply biological concepts of Darwinism or of
evolutionary theory to sociology and politics, often under the assumption that conflict between groups in society leads to social
progress, as superior groups out-compete inferior ones.
• Social Gospel The Social Gospel movement is a Protestant Christian intellectual movement that was most prominent in the
early 20th century United States and Canada. The movement applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of
social justice such as excessive wealth, poverty, alcoholism, crime, racial tensions, slums, bad hygiene, child labor, inadequate
labor unions, poor schools, and the danger of war.
• Stagecoach A stagecoach is a type of covered wagon for passengers and goods, strongly sprung and drawn by four horses,
usually four-in-hand. Widely used before the introduction of railway transport, it made regular trips between stages or stations,
which were places of rest provided for stagecoach travelers.
• stalwart The "Stalwarts" were a faction of the United States Republican Party toward the end of the 19th century. They were the
"traditional" Republicans who opposed Rutherford B. Hayes' civil service reform. They were pitted against the "Half-Breeds"
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(moderates) for control of the Republican Party. The only real issue
Stalwarts
and
Half-Breeds
patronage. The
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
• Tenement House Act of 1901 One of the reforms of the Progressive Era, the New York State Tenement House Act of 1901 was
one of the first such laws to ban the construction of dark, poorly ventilated tenement buildings in the state of New York. Among
other sanctions, the law required that new buildings must be built with outward-facing windows in every room, an open
courtyard, indoor toilets and fire safeguards.
• The "Big Brother" Policy An extension of the Monroe Doctrine formulated in the 1880s that aimed to rally Latin American
nations behind U.S. leadership and to open their markets to American traders.
• The First International An organization of workers' groups founded in Europe in 1864. Some of its ideological branches were
influential in American socialist and anarchist politics.
• Treaty of Fort Laramie Also called the Sioux Treaty of 1868, an agreement between the United States and the Oglala,
Miniconjou, and Brulé bands of Lakota people; Yanktonai Dakota; and Arapaho Nation signed in 1868 at Fort Laramie in the
Wyoming Territory, guaranteeing to the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills, and further land and hunting rights in South
Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana.
• Union Pacific The Union Pacific is a railroad network incorporated on July 1, 1862 under an act of Congress entitled Pacific
Railroad Act of 1862.
• United Fruit Company An American company that sold fruit produced on Latin and South American plantations to North
American and European markets. Along with the Standard Fruit Company, it dominated the economies and strongly influenced
the governments of Latin American countries.
• urbanization the process of the formation and growth of cities
• vaqueros The vaquero (Spanish pronunciation: [baˈkeɾo], Portuguese: vaqueiro [vaˈkejɾu]) is a horse-mounted livestock herder
of a tradition that originated on the Iberian Peninsula. Today the vaquero is still a part of the doma vaquera, the Spanish
tradition of working riding. The vaquero traditions developed in Mexico from methodology brought to Mesoamerica from Spain,
and also became the foundation for the North American cowboy.
• Venezuela Crisis of 1895 A territorial dispute between Venezuela and Britain over the boundaries of Venezuela and British
Guiana. The United States cited the Monroe Doctrine to compel the British to accept arbitration of the dispute. The court of
arbitration awarded most of the disputed territory to the British.
• Western Federation of Miners A radical labor union that gained a reputation for militancy in the mines of the western United
States and British Columbia.
• William Jennings Bryan William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860
– toJuly
26,
1925)
wasand
a leading
American
politician from the
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1890s until his death. He was a dominant force in the liberal wing of the Democratic Party, and served as Wilson's Secretary of
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
• xenophobia A strong antipathy or aversion to strangers or foreigners.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Strikers Shield
Demonstration of shield used by the workers while firing the cannon.
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Wikipedia. "Homestead strike Carnegie shield." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Homestead_strike_Carnegie_shield.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The New Missionary Conference, 1898
The New Missionary Conference, 1898
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Google. "The Assembly Herald - Google Books." Public domain
http://books.google.com/books?id=sW7UAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA5&dq=american+imperialism&hl=en&sa=X&ei=yefET_7qH8nE2gW03-
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Billion dollar Congress
Benjamin Harrison and the Congress are portrayed as a "Billion-Dollar Congress," wasting the surplus in this cartoon from Puck.
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Wikipedia. "Billion dollar Congress." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Billion_dollar_Congress.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
From the Old to the New World
"From the Old to the New World," an illustration published in Harper's Weekly in 1874, shows German emigrants boarding a steamer in Hamburg,
Germany, to come to America.
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Wikipedia. "Germans-emigrate-1874." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Germans-emigrate-1874.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Portraits of the Haymarket Martyrs
Engraving of the Haymarket Martyers
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Wikipedia. "ChicagoAnarchists." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ChicagoAnarchists.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
New York's New Solar System
This political cartoon from 1899 shows all people from all walks of life revolving around a political boss, Richard "Boss" Croker.
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Wikipedia. "New York's New Solar System2." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:New_York%2527s_New_Solar_System2.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Bon Ton Burlesquers - 365 days ahead of them all
Poster of U.S. burlesque show, 1898, showing a woman in outfit with low neckline and short skirts holding a number of upper-class men "On the string"
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Wikipedia. "Bon-Ton Burlesquers2." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bon-Ton_Burlesquers2.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Johnson County War Invaders, 1892
Johnson County War Invaders, 1892
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Wikipedia. "Invaders." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Invaders.gif View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Midway, White City Amusement Park, Worcester, Massachusetts 1908
Midway, White City Amusement Park, Worcester, Massachusetts 1908
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Wikipedia. "White city amusement park 1." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:White_city_amusement_park_1.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Ten Thousand Miles From Tip to Tip
'Ten Thousand Miles From Tip to Tip,' refers to the extension of United States domination (symbolized by a bald eagle) from Puerto Rico to the
Philippines. The cartoon contrasts this with a map of the smaller United States of one hundred years earlier in 1798.
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Wikimedia. Public domain http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/10kMiles.JPG View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
"School Begins. Uncle Sam (to his new class in Civilization): Now, children, you've got to learn these lessons
whether you want to or not! But just take a look at the class ahead of you, and remember that, in a little
while, you will feel as glad to be here as they are! "
This is a caricature showing Uncle Sam lecturing four children labelled 'Philippines' (appearing similar to Philippine leader Emilio Aguinaldo), 'Hawaii,'
'Puerto Rico,' and 'Cuba' in front of children holding books labelled with various U.S. states. In the background, there is an American Indian holding a
book upside down, a Chinese boy at the door, and a black boy cleaning a window. The other elements in the cartoon include:The blackboard: "The
consent of the governed is a good thing in theory, but very rare in fact. — England has governed her colonies whether they consented or not. By not
waiting for their consent she has greatly advanced the world's civilization. — The U.S. must govern its new territories with or without their consent until
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they can govern themselves. " Poster: "The Confederated States refused their consent to beFree
governed,
but the
Union
preserved
their
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consent. "Book: "U.S. — First Lessons in Self Government" Note: (on table) "The new class — Philippines Cuba Hawaii Porto Rico"
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Army Buffalo soldier
Army Buffalo soldier
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Wikipedia. "Army buffalo soldiers." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Army_buffalo_soldiers.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Omaha Monument to Pioneer Women
Omaha Monument to Pioneer Women
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Wikimedia. "Pioneer Women Group." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pioneer_Women_Group.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Populist Logo
Populist Party logo
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Wikipedia. "Populist-logo." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Populist-logo.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Lecture Room of Barnum's American Museum, 1853.
The Lecture Room of Barnum's American Museum, 1853.
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Wikipedia. "BARNUM." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BARNUM.png View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Frick
Portrait of Henry Clay Frick
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Wikipedia. "Henry Clay Frick." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Clay_Frick.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Chief Quanah Parker of the Kwahadi Comanche
One of the great American Indian leaders during the American Indian Wars.
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Wikipedia. "Chief Quanah Parker of the Kwahadi Comanche2." Public domain
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
"A Group of Vultures Waiting for the Storm to Blow Over - Let Us Prey"
A Group of Vultures WaitiCartoon denouncing the corruption of New York's Boss Tweed and other Tammany Hall figures, drawn in 1871 by Thomas
Nast and published in Harper's Weekly.
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Wikipedia. "1871 0923 vultures 200." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1871_0923_vultures_200.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
1895 ad for weight-gain product
A 1895 ad for a product for weight gain.
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Wikipedia. "Advertising." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#History View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Protesting
Two girls protesting child laborers.
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Wikipedia. "Abolish child slavery." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abolish_child_slavery.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Camp Supply Stockade, 1869
Camp Supply Stockade, 1869.
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Wikipedia. "Fsstockade." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fsstockade.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
A false-front building in Chesaw, Washington
A false-front building in Chesaw, Washington
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Wikipedia. "Side of a False Front Building in Chesaw WA." CC BY 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Side_of_a_False_Front_Building_in_Chesaw_WA.jpg View
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
New York City. Plan for Entrance to Central Park
Plan for the Entrance to Central Park. ca. 1863
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Wikimedia. "New York City.Plan for Entrance to Central Park (3678964534)." Public domain
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New_York_City._Plan_for_Entrance_to_Central_Park_(3678964534).jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
McSorley's Bar (1912)
John French Sloan, McSorley's Bar, 1912 (oil on canvas, 66 x 81 cm., Detroit Institute of the Arts)
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Wikipedia. "McSorley." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:McSorley%2527s_Bar_1912_John_Sloan.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Shinn Henri Sloan
Realism painters Eerett Robert Shinn, Henri and John French Sloan
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Wikipedia. "Shinn Henri Sloan." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinn_Henri_Sloan.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Patent Drawing for Alexander Graham Bell's Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell's Telephone Patent Drawing, 03/07/1876. Bell's telephone was the first apparatus to transmit human speech via machine. His
work culminated in one of the most profitable and contested of all 19th-century patents.
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Wikipedia. "TelephonePatentDrawingBell." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TelephonePatentDrawingBell.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Cripple Creak under Marshall Law
Cripple Creak under Marshall Law.
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Wikipedia. "Cc martiallaw." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cc_martiallaw.png View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
1916 advertisement for the United Fruit Company Steamship Line
1916 advertisement for the United Fruit Company Steamship Service
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Wikimedia. Public domain http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/United_Fruit_Ad_1916.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Populism in the west
The Populist Movement became increasingly influential in Western courts
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Universitat Wien. Public domain http://angam.ang.univie.ac.at/western2000/pres/wister/Bild1.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Frederick Winslow Taylor
Frederick Winslow Taylor, a mechanical engineer by training, is often credited with inventing scientific management and improving industrial efficiency.
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Wikipedia. "Frederick Winslow Taylor crop." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frederick_Winslow_Taylor_crop.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Bernard Gilliam - Phryne before the Chicago Tribunal
1884 cartoon in Puck magazine ridicules Blaine as the tattooed-man, with many indelible scandals. The cartoon image is a parody of Phryne before the
Areopagus, an 1861 painting by French artist Jean-Léon Gérôme.
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Wikipedia. "Bernard Gilliam - Phryne before the Chicago Tribunal." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bernard_Gilliam__Phryne_before_the_Chicago_Tribunal.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
"Filipino soldiers outside Manila, 1899".
Filipino soldiers outside Manila in 1899.
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Wikimedia. Public domain http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Filipino_soldiers_outside_Manila_1899.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Battle of Manilla on February 4, 1899.
The Battle of Manila, February 1899.
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Wikimedia. Public domain http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Fil-American_War_Feb_04%252C1899.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Shinn self portrain
Shinn self portrain
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Wikipedia. "Shinnportrait." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinnportrait.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Wainwright Building, Chicago
The Wainwright Building in Chicago, finished in 1891, exemplifies architect Louis Sullivan's ideas of form following function, which was a new principle in
urban architecture of the period.
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Wikipedia. "Wainwright building st louis USA." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wainwright_building_st_louis_USA.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Riding, Central Park
Riding in Central Park
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Wikimedia. "Central Park New York City New York 16." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Central_Park_New_York_City_New_York_16.jpg
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Justice Rufus Wheeler Peckham
Rufus Wheeler Peckham, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court (1895–1909), and author of the Court's opinion in Lochner v New York
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Wikipedia. "Rufus Wheeler Peckham cph.3b30513." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rufus_Wheeler_Peckham_cph.3b30513.jpg View on
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Breakers
The Breakers, the summer home of Cornelius Vanderbilt II, located in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. Built in 1893, it typifies the excesses of
Gilded Age wealth.
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Wikipedia. "The Breakers Newport." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Breakers_Newport.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Finishing the First Transcontinental Railroad
Workers celebrating the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad on May 10, 1869.
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Wikipedia. "69workmen." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:69workmen.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Coxey Leading Army
Coxey's Army marchers leaving their camp.
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Wikipedia. "Coxey commonweal army brightwood leaving." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coxey_commonweal_army_brightwood_leaving.jpg View
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Sorting Refuse at an Incinerating Plant, New York City
The subject is a group of about thirty men and boys who are sorting combustible refuse, mostly paper, and stuffing it into large sacks. In the background,
a man in a hat with an emblem on it can be seen unloading trash from a large wagon. Location may be the New York City Sanitation Department's East
17th Street facility, or possibly the incinerator at West 47th Street on the Hudson River.
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U.S.Library of Congress. "Sorting refuse at incinerating plant, New York City / Thomas A. Edison, Inc.." Public domain http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/query/r?ammem/papr:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(lcmp002+m2a45833))+@field(COLLID+workleis)) View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Roosevelt Corollary
This political cartoon depicts Theodore Roosevelt using the Monroe Doctrine to keep European powers out of the Dominican Republic. The Roosevelt
Corollary took the Monroe Doctrine even further, and was exercised frequently during the Wilson administration.
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Wikimedia. Public domain http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Roosevelt_monroe_Doctrine_cartoon.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Monroe Doctrine
Newspaper cartoon from 1912 about the Monroe Doctrine.
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Wikimedia. Public domain http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Monroe_doctrine.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Fannie Porter, San Antonio Madam, c.1900
Fannie Porter, San Antonio Madam, c.1900
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Wikipedia. "FanniePorter." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FanniePorter.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Stamp-national grange
1967 U.S. postage stamp honoring the National Grange
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Wikimedia. Public domain http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Stamp-national_grange.jpg/150px-Stamp-national_grange.jpg View on
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
19th-century storekeeping family, Nantucket
19th-century storekeeping family, Nantucket
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Wikimedia. "Wikimedia Commons." License: Other http://commons.wikimedia.org View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Child Laborers
A photo of child laborers.
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Wikipedia. "Mill Children in Macon." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mill_Children_in_Macon.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Coca-Cola ad
A Coca-Cola ad from 1900.
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Wikipedia. "Advertising." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#History View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Farmers' Alliance Pamphlets
The Populist Party grew directly out of the Farmers' Alliance. For both groups, social events helped cement political ties.
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Nebraska Studies. Public domain http://www.nebraskastudies.org/0600/media/0601_030201.gif View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Weltausstellung-Chicago Brockhaus
Print of an aerial view of the exposition
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Wikipedia. "Weltausstellung-chicago brockhaus." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Weltausstellung-chicago_brockhaus.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Logo of the Second International Congress of Eugenics, 1921.
Logo of the Second International Congress of Eugenics, 1921.
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Wikimedia. "Eugenics congress logo." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugenics_congress_logo.png View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Wobblies membership card
A membership card for the Industrial Workers of the World, also known as the Wobblies.
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Wikipedia. "IWW." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IWW.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Women workers 1887
An illustration of women working in an assembly line.
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Wikimedia. "Category:Women at work in art." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Women_at_work_in_art View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Knights of Labor Seal
The official seal of the Knights of Labor, representing their mission statement.
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Wikipedia. "Knights of labor seal." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Knights_of_labor_seal.gif View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Tenements in New York
Park Avenue and 107th Street, New York City, around 1900, showing tenement houses.
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Wikipedia. "Yard of a tenement at Park Ave.LOC det.4a28182." Public domain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yard_of_a_tenement_at_Park_Ave._LOC_det.4a28182.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Burning of the Pittsburg Railroad and Union Depot
Burning of Pennsylvania Railroad and Union Depot, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 21–22 July 1877
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Wikipedia. "Harpers 8 11 1877 Steeple View of Pittsburgh Conflagaration." CC BY-SA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Harpers_8_11_1877_Steeple_View_of_Pittsburgh_Conflagaration.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Lakota Sioux Chief Gall, 1880s
Lakota Sioux Chief Gall, 1880s
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Wikimedia. "Chief Gall." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chief_Gall.png View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Arthur NY customs house cartoon
Hayes kicking Chester A. Arthur out of the New York Custom House
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Wikipedia. "Arthur NYcustoms house cartoon." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arthur_NYcustoms_house_cartoon.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
La fallera de l'oncle Sam
A Catalan satirical drawing published in La Campana de Gràcia (1896), criticizing U.S. behavior regarding Cuba.
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Wikimedia. Public domain http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/La_fallera_de_l%2527oncle_Sam.JPG View on Boundless.com
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Gilded Age was characterized by
A) All of these answers.
B) rapid economic, technological, political, and social transformation.
C) destruction of the Plains Indians and hardening discrimination against
African Americans.
D) a rapid increase in real wages, wealth, GDP, and capital formation.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Gilded Age was characterized by
A) All of these answers.
B) rapid economic, technological, political, and social transformation.
C) destruction of the Plains Indians and hardening discrimination against
African Americans.
D) a rapid increase in real wages, wealth, GDP, and capital formation.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The second industrial revolution led to all of the following
EXCEPT
A) technology that was harder for workers to use, leading to an
expansion of the high school system.
B) a rapid expansion of railroad mileage, opening new areas to
commercial farming.
C) the process of economic concentration, "trusts" which extended into
most branches of industry.
D) the widespread adoption of whale oil and candles for lighting as
electricity became less reliable.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The second industrial revolution led to all of the following
EXCEPT
A) technology that was harder for workers to use, leading to an
expansion of the high school system.
B) a rapid expansion of railroad mileage, opening new areas to
commercial farming.
C) the process of economic concentration, "trusts" which extended into
most branches of industry.
D) the widespread adoption of whale oil and candles for lighting as
electricity became less reliable.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Transcontinental Railroad was
A) the cause of increased traffic on the Oregon and California Trail.
B) a vital link for trade, commerce, and opened vast regions of North
America for settlement.
C) far slower and more hazardous than stagecoach lines and wagon
trains.
D) originally known by the American people as the California Zephyr.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Transcontinental Railroad was
A) the cause of increased traffic on the Oregon and California Trail.
B) a vital link for trade, commerce, and opened vast regions of North
America for settlement.
C) far slower and more hazardous than stagecoach lines and wagon
trains.
D) originally known by the American people as the California Zephyr.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Which of the following is an indicator of the modernization of
American industry in late nineteenth century?
A) The corporation became the dominant form of business organization.
B) The U.S. had the highest per capita income and industrial production
in the world.
C) All of these answers.
D) Railroads developed chains of command, statistical reporting, and
complex bureaucratic systems.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Which of the following is an indicator of the modernization of
American industry in late nineteenth century?
A) The corporation became the dominant form of business organization.
B) The U.S. had the highest per capita income and industrial production
in the world.
C) All of these answers.
D) Railroads developed chains of command, statistical reporting, and
complex bureaucratic systems.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The late nineteenth century saw which of the following
technological developments?
A) The alternating current electrical distribution system invented by
Nikola Tesla.
B) All of these answers.
C) The first commercially practical incandescent light invented by
Thomas Edison.
D) The first practical telephone invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The late nineteenth century saw which of the following
technological developments?
A) The alternating current electrical distribution system invented by
Nikola Tesla.
B) All of these answers.
C) The first commercially practical incandescent light invented by
Thomas Edison.
D) The first practical telephone invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
In Lochner vs.New York the Supreme Court ruled
A) all of these answers.
B) that the law regulating baker's working conditions was constitutional.
C) the 14th Amendment enacts a strict laissez-faire philosophy.
D) that there was a 14th Amendment limit to the amount of government
regulations in the workplace.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
In Lochner vs.New York the Supreme Court ruled
A) all of these answers.
B) that the law regulating baker's working conditions was constitutional.
C) the 14th Amendment enacts a strict laissez-faire philosophy.
D) that there was a 14th Amendment limit to the amount of government
regulations in the workplace.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The negative term "robber baron" describes a businessman
whose practices often included
A) amassing a personal fortune which contributes positively to the
country in some way.
B) increased productivity, expansion of markets, providing more jobs, or
acts of philanthropy.
C) offering products at low prices, buying out weaker competitors, then
hiking prices higher still.
D) legally charging tolls on ships traversing the Rhine without adding
anything of value.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The negative term "robber baron" describes a businessman
whose practices often included
A) amassing a personal fortune which contributes positively to the
country in some way.
B) increased productivity, expansion of markets, providing more jobs, or
acts of philanthropy.
C) offering products at low prices, buying out weaker competitors, then
hiking prices higher still.
D) legally charging tolls on ships traversing the Rhine without adding
anything of value.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Which of the following factors contributed to the rapid urbanization
of the late nineteenth century?
A) Increasing factory businesses created many more job opportunities in
cities.
B) All of these answers.
C) People began to flock from rural, farm areas, and from overseas in
search of factory work.
D) Mass transit systems allowed people to commute to work from further
distances.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Which of the following factors contributed to the rapid urbanization
of the late nineteenth century?
A) Increasing factory businesses created many more job opportunities in
cities.
B) All of these answers.
C) People began to flock from rural, farm areas, and from overseas in
search of factory work.
D) Mass transit systems allowed people to commute to work from further
distances.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
In response to dense and unsafe housing conditions, New York
A) limited the height of steel frame skyscrapers because of safety issues
with Elisha Otis's elevators.
B) constructed additional rookeries to accomodate the steady flow of new
immigrants seeking housing.
C) passed new rules setting a minimum population density at an average
of 143 people per acre.
D) instituted regulations specifying windows, plumbing, and fire safety
measures in every building.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
In response to dense and unsafe housing conditions, New York
A) limited the height of steel frame skyscrapers because of safety issues
with Elisha Otis's elevators.
B) constructed additional rookeries to accomodate the steady flow of new
immigrants seeking housing.
C) passed new rules setting a minimum population density at an average
of 143 people per acre.
D) instituted regulations specifying windows, plumbing, and fire safety
measures in every building.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Political machines fulfilled all of the following roles EXCEPT
A) provided relief, security, and services to the crowds of newcomers who
voted for them.
B) allied with new immigrants by providing jobs, housing, and other
benefits in exchange for votes.
C) maintained the power and wealth of their staunchest supporters,
members of the established class.
D) gave lucrative government contracts and official positions to
supporters.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Political machines fulfilled all of the following roles EXCEPT
A) provided relief, security, and services to the crowds of newcomers who
voted for them.
B) allied with new immigrants by providing jobs, housing, and other
benefits in exchange for votes.
C) maintained the power and wealth of their staunchest supporters,
members of the established class.
D) gave lucrative government contracts and official positions to
supporters.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Rapid urbanization led to which of the following?
A) Increased rates of disease and crime.
B) An increased reliance on agriculture by new immigrants.
C) More presidents with backgrounds in farming communities.
D) Decrease interest in the idea of environmental conservation.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Rapid urbanization led to which of the following?
A) Increased rates of disease and crime.
B) An increased reliance on agriculture by new immigrants.
C) More presidents with backgrounds in farming communities.
D) Decrease interest in the idea of environmental conservation.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The 1893 World's Columbian Exposition symbolized
A) the grandeur of the Victorian-era United Kingdom.
B) the greatness of New York City.
C) the failure of American capitalism.
D) emergent American exceptionalism and industrial optimism.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The 1893 World's Columbian Exposition symbolized
A) the grandeur of the Victorian-era United Kingdom.
B) the greatness of New York City.
C) the failure of American capitalism.
D) emergent American exceptionalism and industrial optimism.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The large volume of new immigrant groups entering the United
States in the late nineteenth century inspired which of the
following?
A) All of these answers.
B) Immigrants made up the bulk of the U.S. industrial labor pool, making
the U.S. an economic leader.
C) Many Americans considered immigration a serious danger to the
nation’s health and security.
D) Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act which limited the amount
of immigrants of Chinese descent.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The large volume of new immigrant groups entering the United
States in the late nineteenth century inspired which of the
following?
A) All of these answers.
B) Immigrants made up the bulk of the U.S. industrial labor pool, making
the U.S. an economic leader.
C) Many Americans considered immigration a serious danger to the
nation’s health and security.
D) Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act which limited the amount
of immigrants of Chinese descent.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The American Party was especially hostile to:
A) The immigration of Chinese laborers
B) The immigration of German Lutherans
C) The immigration of all Roman Catholic ethnic groups
D) The immigration of Irish Catholics
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The American Party was especially hostile to:
A) The immigration of Chinese laborers
B) The immigration of German Lutherans
C) The immigration of all Roman Catholic ethnic groups
D) The immigration of Irish Catholics
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Which of the following strikes resulted in violent confrontation
between workers and police or federal troops?
A) The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
B) The Haymarket Riot of 1886
C) Carnegie's steel workers' riots of 1892
D) All these answers
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Which of the following strikes resulted in violent confrontation
between workers and police or federal troops?
A) The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
B) The Haymarket Riot of 1886
C) Carnegie's steel workers' riots of 1892
D) All these answers
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The anti-authoritarian branches of the First International were the
precursors to which of the following groups?
A) Radical socialists who believed that violence was necessary to
achieve their aims
B) Anarcho-syndicalists who believed that state authority should be
replaced by organized labor co-ops
C) The radicals responsible for the violence in Haymarket Square
D) A Canadian-US federation of labor unions that advocated for the eight
hour work day and higher wages
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The anti-authoritarian branches of the First International were the
precursors to which of the following groups?
A) Radical socialists who believed that violence was necessary to
achieve their aims
B) Anarcho-syndicalists who believed that state authority should be
replaced by organized labor co-ops
C) The radicals responsible for the violence in Haymarket Square
D) A Canadian-US federation of labor unions that advocated for the eight
hour work day and higher wages
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
What was a major difference between Socialists and Labor unions
during this period?
A) Socialists pushed for a proletariat revolution while Labor unions were
generally led by anarchists
B) Socialists tended to advocate for change less violently than Labor
unions
C) Socialists pushed for general social equality while Labor unions
focused on workers' rights
D) All these answers
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
What was a major difference between Socialists and Labor unions
during this period?
A) Socialists pushed for a proletariat revolution while Labor unions were
generally led by anarchists
B) Socialists tended to advocate for change less violently than Labor
unions
C) Socialists pushed for general social equality while Labor unions
focused on workers' rights
D) All these answers
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Women in the nineteenth century increasingly found themselves
engaged in activities outside of the domestic sphere. Which of the
following statements is NOT true?
A) Women were 15% of the total work force by 1870, working in factories
but also as teachers.
B) Women's clubs were the best outlet for women to be heard and taken
seriously before they could vote.
C) There was little variety in the occupations that women in the
nineteenth century could hold.
D) Working for a wage became part of urban life for women in industrial
America.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Women in the nineteenth century increasingly found themselves
engaged in activities outside of the domestic sphere. Which of the
following statements is NOT true?
A) Women were 15% of the total work force by 1870, working in factories
but also as teachers.
B) Women's clubs were the best outlet for women to be heard and taken
seriously before they could vote.
C) There was little variety in the occupations that women in the
nineteenth century could hold.
D) Working for a wage became part of urban life for women in industrial
America.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Which of the following industries did children typically work in
during the Industrial Revolution?
A) Coal mining
B) Street vending
C) All these answers
D) Domestic service
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Which of the following industries did children typically work in
during the Industrial Revolution?
A) Coal mining
B) Street vending
C) All these answers
D) Domestic service
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
In 1894, Coxey's Army marched on Washington D.C. to
A) lobby for the government to create jobs that would involve building
public works improvements
B) protest the unemployment caused by the Panic of 1893.
C) all of these answers.
D) demand that workers be paid in paper currency, which would expand
the currency in circulation.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
In 1894, Coxey's Army marched on Washington D.C. to
A) lobby for the government to create jobs that would involve building
public works improvements
B) protest the unemployment caused by the Panic of 1893.
C) all of these answers.
D) demand that workers be paid in paper currency, which would expand
the currency in circulation.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
What event initiated the Great Railroad Strike?
A) Thomas A. Scott called on the state militia in Pennsylvania to fire on a
crowd of angry workers
B) Railway workers went on strike to support the cola miners' strike in
Illinois
C) Workers struck in defiance of Judge Drummond's ruling that railroad
strikes were illegal
D) Railway workers in West Virginia struck in protest of a decrease in
their wages
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
What event initiated the Great Railroad Strike?
A) Thomas A. Scott called on the state militia in Pennsylvania to fire on a
crowd of angry workers
B) Railway workers went on strike to support the cola miners' strike in
Illinois
C) Workers struck in defiance of Judge Drummond's ruling that railroad
strikes were illegal
D) Railway workers in West Virginia struck in protest of a decrease in
their wages
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The AA first struck at the Homestead steel mill because:
A) Fick attempted to hire non-union black laborers to replace union
employees
B) Efforts to negotiate a wage increase and collective bargaining with
Fick failed
C) Fick attempted to fire leaders of the AA union from the factory
D) The steel industry was in the early stages of decline in profit and
output
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The AA first struck at the Homestead steel mill because:
A) Fick attempted to hire non-union black laborers to replace union
employees
B) Efforts to negotiate a wage increase and collective bargaining with
Fick failed
C) Fick attempted to fire leaders of the AA union from the factory
D) The steel industry was in the early stages of decline in profit and
output
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Cripple Creek Miners' Strike is significant because:
A) It is the only time in U.S. history that a state militia was called out to
support striking workers
B) It was the first time strikers used dynamite to intimidate replacement
workers
C) It was the first successful strike in the history of the U.S. labor
movement
D) It was the first time employers hired a private army to break the strike
without state interference
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Cripple Creek Miners' Strike is significant because:
A) It is the only time in U.S. history that a state militia was called out to
support striking workers
B) It was the first time strikers used dynamite to intimidate replacement
workers
C) It was the first successful strike in the history of the U.S. labor
movement
D) It was the first time employers hired a private army to break the strike
without state interference
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The federal government assumed which of the following
responsibilities in the West?
A) All of these answers.
B) The distribution of public land to new settlers.
C) The promotion of railroad transportation.
D) The appointment of territorial governors.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The federal government assumed which of the following
responsibilities in the West?
A) All of these answers.
B) The distribution of public land to new settlers.
C) The promotion of railroad transportation.
D) The appointment of territorial governors.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Which of the following statements about the racial and cultural
composition of the West is NOT true?
A) African Americans moved westward as miners, cowboys, Indian
fighters, scouts, and farm hands.
B) Chinese migrants provided the majority of the workforce for building
the transcontinental railroad.
C) Hispanics were represented in the West in only very small numbers
during the nineteenth century.
D) Mormons, persecuted in the East and led by Brigham Young, settled
near the Great Salt Lake.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Which of the following statements about the racial and cultural
composition of the West is NOT true?
A) African Americans moved westward as miners, cowboys, Indian
fighters, scouts, and farm hands.
B) Chinese migrants provided the majority of the workforce for building
the transcontinental railroad.
C) Hispanics were represented in the West in only very small numbers
during the nineteenth century.
D) Mormons, persecuted in the East and led by Brigham Young, settled
near the Great Salt Lake.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Range wars were characterized by
A) a minimum of twenty to thirty-four deaths resulting directly from the
feud.
B) the rustling of cattle and horses from rival ranches leveled by both
parties.
C) armed conflict, typically undeclared, which occurs within agrarian or
stock-rearing societies.
D) frequent involvement of the United States Cavalry in ending violent
disputes.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Range wars were characterized by
A) a minimum of twenty to thirty-four deaths resulting directly from the
feud.
B) the rustling of cattle and horses from rival ranches leveled by both
parties.
C) armed conflict, typically undeclared, which occurs within agrarian or
stock-rearing societies.
D) frequent involvement of the United States Cavalry in ending violent
disputes.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
All of the following describe the experience women in the
American West EXCEPT
A) Farm women played an integral role in assuring family survival by
working outdoors with the men.
B) Women's life was exemplified by the isolation of the lonely farmer and
a lack of social activity.
C) Many women worked as prostitues despite the harsh and dangerous
working conditions and low prestige.
D) Women sponsored social activities that combined work, food, and
entertainment.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
All of the following describe the experience women in the
American West EXCEPT
A) Farm women played an integral role in assuring family survival by
working outdoors with the men.
B) Women's life was exemplified by the isolation of the lonely farmer and
a lack of social activity.
C) Many women worked as prostitues despite the harsh and dangerous
working conditions and low prestige.
D) Women sponsored social activities that combined work, food, and
entertainment.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The chief source of conflict between Native Americans and the
United States was
A) increasing encroachment of American settlers into tribal territory.
B) constant violence against American settlers by native peoples.
C) the Native American alliance with the Confederacy in the Civil War.
D) Native American desire to enjoy the benefits of the Homestead Act.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The chief source of conflict between Native Americans and the
United States was
A) increasing encroachment of American settlers into tribal territory.
B) constant violence against American settlers by native peoples.
C) the Native American alliance with the Confederacy in the Civil War.
D) Native American desire to enjoy the benefits of the Homestead Act.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The General Allotment Act of 1887 embodied which of the
following U.S. policies toward Native Americans?
A) Increased allotment of representatives for native peoples in the federal
government.
B) Discouragement of an agricultural lifestyle among native tribes.
C) The end of private land ownership among Native American tribes.
D) The assimilation of native peoples into mainstream society.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The General Allotment Act of 1887 embodied which of the
following U.S. policies toward Native Americans?
A) Increased allotment of representatives for native peoples in the federal
government.
B) Discouragement of an agricultural lifestyle among native tribes.
C) The end of private land ownership among Native American tribes.
D) The assimilation of native peoples into mainstream society.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The American frontier was
A) all of these answers.
B) the core defining quality of the United States according to historian
Frederick Jackson Turner.
C) gone as of the 1890 U.S. Census, when there was no longer a clear
line of advancing settlement.
D) a central element in popular culture such as novels, Wild West shows,
and Western movies.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The American frontier was
A) all of these answers.
B) the core defining quality of the United States according to historian
Frederick Jackson Turner.
C) gone as of the 1890 U.S. Census, when there was no longer a clear
line of advancing settlement.
D) a central element in popular culture such as novels, Wild West shows,
and Western movies.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Gilded Age politics can best be described as a period of:
A) Energetic and effective presidents.
B) Intense competition and political spoils.
C) Transparancy and lack of corruption.
D) Consensus between the two major parties.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Gilded Age politics can best be described as a period of:
A) Energetic and effective presidents.
B) Intense competition and political spoils.
C) Transparancy and lack of corruption.
D) Consensus between the two major parties.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
In his effort to reform the civil service, President Hayes
A) convinced Congress to outlaw the spoils system during his presidency.
B) collaborated with Chester Arthur to reform the Port of New York.
C) signed the Pendleton Act of 1883 into law, effectively ending the spoils
system.
D) appointed a special committee charged with drawing up new rules for
federal appointments.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
In his effort to reform the civil service, President Hayes
A) convinced Congress to outlaw the spoils system during his presidency.
B) collaborated with Chester Arthur to reform the Port of New York.
C) signed the Pendleton Act of 1883 into law, effectively ending the spoils
system.
D) appointed a special committee charged with drawing up new rules for
federal appointments.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Regarding the 1884 campaign between Democrat Grover
Cleveland and Republican James Blaine, which of the following
statements is most accurate?
A) Scandal over the news Cleveland had fathered a child out of wedlock
cost him the election.
B) Even some Republicans were put off by Blaine's scandals and worked
to secure Cleveland's election.
C) New York, New Jersey, Indiana, and Connecticut were deemed
unimportant to the election's outcome.
D) Cleveland had a questionable reputation of accepting large amounts
of Tammany Hall's graft.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Regarding the 1884 campaign between Democrat Grover
Cleveland and Republican James Blaine, which of the following
statements is most accurate?
A) Scandal over the news Cleveland had fathered a child out of wedlock
cost him the election.
B) Even some Republicans were put off by Blaine's scandals and worked
to secure Cleveland's election.
C) New York, New Jersey, Indiana, and Connecticut were deemed
unimportant to the election's outcome.
D) Cleveland had a questionable reputation of accepting large amounts
of Tammany Hall's graft.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
In cooperation with the 51st Congress, President Benjamin
Harrison passed which of the following acts?
A) Significant reform to prevent patronage in U.S. civil service jobs.
B) The Blair Education Bill thwarting southern whites who wished to
prevent black voter registration.
C) The Sherman Antitrust Act, which prohibited business combinations
that restricted trade.
D) The Lodge Bill, which established federal supervision of
Congressional elections.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
In cooperation with the 51st Congress, President Benjamin
Harrison passed which of the following acts?
A) Significant reform to prevent patronage in U.S. civil service jobs.
B) The Blair Education Bill thwarting southern whites who wished to
prevent black voter registration.
C) The Sherman Antitrust Act, which prohibited business combinations
that restricted trade.
D) The Lodge Bill, which established federal supervision of
Congressional elections.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Populist Party declined precipitously after 1896 because
A) the country's finances began to improve after the financial panic of
1893.
B) the Spanish-American War drew the nation's attention further away
from Populist issues.
C) the Democratic Party absorbed the remnants of the Populist
movement.
D) all of these answers.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Populist Party declined precipitously after 1896 because
A) the country's finances began to improve after the financial panic of
1893.
B) the Spanish-American War drew the nation's attention further away
from Populist issues.
C) the Democratic Party absorbed the remnants of the Populist
movement.
D) all of these answers.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Grange can best be explained as
A) a grassroots organization aimed at fighting against government
regulation of the railroads.
B) an organization of farmers focused primarily on the cause of women's
suffrage.
C) a fraterny that encourages farmers to band together for common
economic and political well-being.
D) a historical cooperative organization for farmers which died out in the
1920s.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Grange can best be explained as
A) a grassroots organization aimed at fighting against government
regulation of the railroads.
B) an organization of farmers focused primarily on the cause of women's
suffrage.
C) a fraterny that encourages farmers to band together for common
economic and political well-being.
D) a historical cooperative organization for farmers which died out in the
1920s.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Farmers Alliance, which eventually gave birth to the Populist
Party, worked toward all of the following goals EXCEPT
A) a more equitable tax system on mortgage property.
B) an eight hour work day.
C) the regulation of interstate commerce by Congress.
D) government control of transportation and communication.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Farmers Alliance, which eventually gave birth to the Populist
Party, worked toward all of the following goals EXCEPT
A) a more equitable tax system on mortgage property.
B) an eight hour work day.
C) the regulation of interstate commerce by Congress.
D) government control of transportation and communication.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Populist Party's Omaha Platform included which of the
following planks?
A) The statehood of Colorado, Kansas, Idaho, and Nevada.
B) Election of Senators by state legislatures.
C) A graduated income tax and civil service reform.
D) Private control of all railroads, telegraphs, and telephones.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The Populist Party's Omaha Platform included which of the
following planks?
A) The statehood of Colorado, Kansas, Idaho, and Nevada.
B) Election of Senators by state legislatures.
C) A graduated income tax and civil service reform.
D) Private control of all railroads, telegraphs, and telephones.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
If asked what social classes owe one another William Graham
Sumner (and other social Darwinists) might well have answered
A) The transfer of surplus wealth
B) Equality of opportunity
C) Nothing
D) Generosity and compassion
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
If asked what social classes owe one another William Graham
Sumner (and other social Darwinists) might well have answered
A) The transfer of surplus wealth
B) Equality of opportunity
C) Nothing
D) Generosity and compassion
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The separate spheres ideology was influenced by which of the
following ideas?
A) Women were considered passive, male-dependent, and ill-suited for
life outside the domestic realm.
B) All of these answers.
C) Men, based on the will of God, inhabit the public sphere - politics,
economy, commerce, and law.
D) In the 1800s, families no longer worked together but rather used
wages they earned to buy goods.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The separate spheres ideology was influenced by which of the
following ideas?
A) Women were considered passive, male-dependent, and ill-suited for
life outside the domestic realm.
B) All of these answers.
C) Men, based on the will of God, inhabit the public sphere - politics,
economy, commerce, and law.
D) In the 1800s, families no longer worked together but rather used
wages they earned to buy goods.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Frederick Law Olmsted was primarily responsible for:
A) Writing the first outdoor camping manual
B) The invention of the safety bicycle
C) Designing the layout and system of what became the foundation for
Central Park in New York City
D) Adding the internal combustion engine to the bicycle, creating the
forerunner of the motorcycle
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Frederick Law Olmsted was primarily responsible for:
A) Writing the first outdoor camping manual
B) The invention of the safety bicycle
C) Designing the layout and system of what became the foundation for
Central Park in New York City
D) Adding the internal combustion engine to the bicycle, creating the
forerunner of the motorcycle
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The advertisement of consumer goods became more common in
the late nineteenth and early twentieth century because
A) medicine advertisements were increasingly sought after as disease
ravaged Europe.
B) for the first time in history consumer products were available in large
quantities, at low prices.
C) N. W. Ayer & Son, opened in 1869, was the first full-service agency to
specialize in advertisements.
D) as education advanced literacy, advertising expanded to include
handbills.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The advertisement of consumer goods became more common in
the late nineteenth and early twentieth century because
A) medicine advertisements were increasingly sought after as disease
ravaged Europe.
B) for the first time in history consumer products were available in large
quantities, at low prices.
C) N. W. Ayer & Son, opened in 1869, was the first full-service agency to
specialize in advertisements.
D) as education advanced literacy, advertising expanded to include
handbills.
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Entertainment venues cropped up at the end of the nineteenth
century primarily because:
A) Many Progressives believed that forms of "edutainement" would
morally instruct the working classes
B) The salacious environment of the wildly popular burlesque shows
attracted thousands of spectators
C) Before and after WWI, many Americans clamored for thrilling and
escapist distractions
D) More Americans increasingly had free time and disposable income for
leisure activities
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Entertainment venues cropped up at the end of the nineteenth
century primarily because:
A) Many Progressives believed that forms of "edutainement" would
morally instruct the working classes
B) The salacious environment of the wildly popular burlesque shows
attracted thousands of spectators
C) Before and after WWI, many Americans clamored for thrilling and
escapist distractions
D) More Americans increasingly had free time and disposable income for
leisure activities
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Which of the following best describes the central concerns of
American visual artists at the beginning of the 20th century?
A) The depiction of utopias toward which the community could strive
B) The depiction of everyday modern industrial life
C) The depiction of a lost, agrarian past
D) The depiction of important religious and political figures in all their
power
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Which of the following best describes the central concerns of
American visual artists at the beginning of the 20th century?
A) The depiction of utopias toward which the community could strive
B) The depiction of everyday modern industrial life
C) The depiction of a lost, agrarian past
D) The depiction of important religious and political figures in all their
power
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Under which of the following presidents was the concept of an
American Empire first popularized?
A) James Polk
B) Theodore Roosevelt
C) William McKinley
D) Thomas Jefferson
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Under which of the following presidents was the concept of an
American Empire first popularized?
A) James Polk
B) Theodore Roosevelt
C) William McKinley
D) Thomas Jefferson
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Why was the Spanish-American war called the "splendid little
war"?
A) It only lasted six months
B) It only lasted one year
C) It only lasted ten weeks
D) It only lasted two weeks
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Why was the Spanish-American war called the "splendid little
war"?
A) It only lasted six months
B) It only lasted one year
C) It only lasted ten weeks
D) It only lasted two weeks
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Which of the following is true of the American Missionary
Association?
A) All these answers
B) It was a strong organization in China and East Asia
C) Before the Civil War, it established 115 antislavery churches in Illinois
D) It established schools and colleges for African Americans in the postCivil War period
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Which of the following is true of the American Missionary
Association?
A) All these answers
B) It was a strong organization in China and East Asia
C) Before the Civil War, it established 115 antislavery churches in Illinois
D) It established schools and colleges for African Americans in the postCivil War period
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
What did the Open Door Policy essentially state?
A) That all European nations and the US could trade with China
B) That China was exclusively a US economic sphere of influence
C) That the US had a rightful sphere of influence in the western
hemisphere
D) That the US had the right to annex Hawai'i
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
What did the Open Door Policy essentially state?
A) That all European nations and the US could trade with China
B) That China was exclusively a US economic sphere of influence
C) That the US had a rightful sphere of influence in the western
hemisphere
D) That the US had the right to annex Hawai'i
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Which of the following was a consequence of the PhilippineAmerican War?
A) American colonial rule of the Philippines until 1946
B) All these answers
C) The founding of the Anti-Imperialist League in 1898
D) The dismantling of the Catholic Church and the imposition of English
in the Philippines
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Which of the following was a consequence of the PhilippineAmerican War?
A) American colonial rule of the Philippines until 1946
B) All these answers
C) The founding of the Anti-Imperialist League in 1898
D) The dismantling of the Catholic Church and the imposition of English
in the Philippines
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
What did the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine state?
A) That the US could intervene in the Caribbean and Central America to
stabilize their economies
B) That the US could intervene in the Caribbean and Central America to
protect economic interests
C) That the US could intervene in Colombia to build the Panama canal
because it would benefit trade
D) That the US would practice Dollar Diplomacy in Latin America in order
to achieve its economic aims
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
What did the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine state?
A) That the US could intervene in the Caribbean and Central America to
stabilize their economies
B) That the US could intervene in the Caribbean and Central America to
protect economic interests
C) That the US could intervene in Colombia to build the Panama canal
because it would benefit trade
D) That the US would practice Dollar Diplomacy in Latin America in order
to achieve its economic aims
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Attribution
• Wikipedia. "Open Door Policy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%252520Door%252520Policy
• Wikipedia. "Lochner vs.New York." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lochner%20vs.%20New%20York
• Wikipedia. "American realism." CC BY-SA 3.0
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• Wikipedia. "Thomas Hiram Holding." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hiram_Holding
• Wikipedia. "Central Park." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park#1857.E2.80.931900
• Wikipedia. "Public sphere." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20sphere
• Wikipedia. "Social Gospel." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20Gospel
• Wikipedia. "Union Pacific." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union%20Pacific
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• Wikipedia. "Allotment and Assimilation Era." CC BY-SA 3.0
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• Wikipedia. "Bourbon Democrats." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourbon%20Democrats
• Wikipedia. "Tammany Hall." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany%20Hall
• Wikipedia. "Political Machines." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political%20Machines
• Wikipedia. "Second Industrial Revolution." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20Industrial%20Revolution
• Wikipedia. "Machine Politics." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine%20Politics
• Wikipedia. "Mining Camps." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining%20Camps
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
• Wikipedia. "McKinley Tariff." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKinley%20Tariff
• Wikipedia. "Panic of 1893." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic%20of%201893
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• Wikipedia. "William Jennings Bryan." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Jennings%20Bryan
• Wikipedia. "Silver Coinage." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20Coinage
• Wikipedia. "Family Economy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family%20Economy
• Wikipedia. "American Imperialism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Imperialism
• Wikipedia. "Social Darwinism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20Darwinism
• Wikipedia. "Annexation of Hawaii." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation%20of%20Hawaii
• Wikipedia. "Philippine Revolution of 1896." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%20Revolution%20of%201896
• Wiktionary. "fascism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fascism
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• Wikipedia. "Bessemer Process." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessemer%20Process
• Wikipedia. "Second Industrial Revolution." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20Industrial%20Revolution
• Wikipedia. "Farm Credit System." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm%20Credit%20System
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
• Wikipedia. "Granger Laws." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granger%20Laws
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• Wikipedia. "Land Scrip." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land%20Scrip
• Wikipedia. "Homestead Act." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homestead%20Act
• Wikipedia. "Roosevelt Corollary." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosevelt%20Corollary
• Wikipedia. "United Fruit Company." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Fruit%20Company
• Wikipedia. "Dime Museums." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dime%20Museums
• Wikipedia. "American Missionary Association." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Missionary%20Association
• Wikipedia. "Crop-Lien System." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop-Lien%20System
• Wikipedia. "Colored Farmers' National Alliance and Cooperative Union." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colored%20Farmers'%20National%20Alliance%20and%20Cooperative%20Union
• Wikipedia. "Ocala Demands." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocala%20Demands
• Wikipedia. "Alexander Berkman." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Berkman
• Wikipedia. "Pinkerton agents." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinkerton%20agents
• Wikipedia. "Henry Clay Frick." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Clay%20Frick
• Wikipedia. "The Big Brother Policy." CC BY-SA 3.0
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• Wikipedia. "Venezuela Crisis of 1895." CC BY-SA 3.0
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• Wikipedia. "Red Cloud." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Cloud
• Wikipedia. "Pike's Peak Gold Rush of 1859." CC BY-SA 3.0
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• Wikipedia. "Treaty of Fort Laramie." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty%20of%20Fort%20Laramie
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
• Wikipedia. "Pendleton Act." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendleton%20Act
• Wikipedia. "Dependent and Disability Pension Act." CC BY-SA 3.0
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• Wikipedia. "Billion Dollar Congress." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion%20Dollar%20Congress
• Wikipedia. "Herbert Spencer." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Spencer
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• Wikipedia. "National Child Labor Committee." CC BY-SA 3.0
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• Wikipedia. "Tenement House Act of 1901." CC BY-SA 3.0
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• Wikipedia. "Jacob Riis." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob%20Riis
• Wikipedia. "General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC)." CC BY-SA 3.0
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• Wikipedia. "Henry Ford." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Ford
• Wikipedia. "Homestead Act of 1862." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homestead%20Act%20of%201862
• Wikipedia. "Santa Fe Trail." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa%20Fe%20Trail
• Wikipedia. "Western Federation of Miners." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Federation%20of%20Miners
• Wikipedia. "Governor Davis H. Waite." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor%20Davis%20H.%20Waite
• Wikipedia. "Frederick Law Olmsted." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Law%20Olmsted
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
• Wikibooks. "History of Hawaii/Territorial Years." CC BY-SA 3.0
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
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• Wikipedia. "Ocala Demands." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocala_Demands
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• Wikipedia. "American Old West." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Old_West#Range_wars
The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
• Wikipedia. "Lincoln County War." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_County_War
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The Gilded Age: 1870-1900
• Wikipedia. "Melting pot." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_pot#Whiteness_and_the_US_melting_pot
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• Wikipedia. "Frederick Law Olmsted." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted#U.S._park_designer
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