Download TEMPORAL BONE, EXTERNAL EAR, MIDDLE EAR

Gross Anatomy
of the
TEMPORAL BONE,
EXTERNAL EAR,
and
MIDDLE EAR
M1 Gross and Developmental Anatomy
9:00 AM, December 11, 2008
Dr. Milton M. Sholley
Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology
Assignment: Head to Toe 2006
• Concerning the material that I will present on the
Temporal Bone and Ear, I would recommend that
everyone work the following questions from Head
to Toe 2006: #7, #10, #65, #88, #97, #100, #104,
#118, #121, #157, and #164. By working the
questions, I mean that you should read and
understand the hints and explanations, even if you
get a question correct on your first attempt.
2
Lateral View
of
Temporal Bone
in situ
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.
Fig. 7.3A, page 612
3
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
Mandibular fossa
-Part of squamous
temporal bone
Disk
Condyloid process (head)
of mandible
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.
Fig. 7.40A, page 664
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.
4
Fig. 7.46A, page 675
Mastoid process
Plane (coronal) of the cut through the temporal bone as seen on the next slide
5
Petrosal Sinuses
Inferior
Superior
Sigmoid sinus
Mastoid air cells
within the mastoid
process
th Ed.
Grant’s Atlas, 12
6
Fig. 7.24B, page 642
Inferior View
of
Skull
showing
Temporal Bone
(in dark pink)
Carotid canal
Petrous portion
of temporal bone
Jugular foramen
7
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Spine of sphenoid
Cartilagenous
auditory tube
Mandibular fossa
Petrotympanic fissure
Internal carotid artery
entering carotid canal
External auditory
meatus
Jugular foramen
Mastoid process
Stylomastoid foramen
Inferior View
8
The Cartilagenous Auditory Tube
Opens into the Nasopharynx
(air can exchange between nasopharynx and the middle ear cavity)
Opening of auditory
tube (Eustachian tube)
Torus tubarius
Nasopharynx
(space above
the soft palate)
Tensor veli
palatini muscle
Soft palate
th Ed.
Grant’s Atlas, 12
9
Fig. 7.61, page 694
Cartilagenous
auditory tube
Levator veli palatini muscle
Hamulus
Salpingopharyngeus muscle
Palatopharyngeus muscle
Pterygomandibular
raphe
Superior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
10
Tensor veli
palatini muscle
Cartilagenous
auditory tube
Hamulus
Levator veli palatini muscle
Palatoglossus
muscle
Salpingopharyngeus muscle
Superior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Palatopharyngeus muscle
11
Buccinator muscle
Superior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle
Pterygomandibular raphe
12
Superior View
of
Cranial Fossae
shows
Petrous Part
of
Temporal Bone
Superior face
of petrous
pyramid (also
called anterior
face)
Posterior face
of petrous
pyramid
th Ed.
Grant’s Atlas, 12
13
Fig. 7.6A, page 618
Tegmen tympani
Arcuate eminence
Hiatus of facial canal
th Ed.
Grant’s Atlas, 12
14
Fig. 7.77A, page 714
Superior View of Petrous Pyramid
(drilled out)
Internal auditory meatus
Greater petrosal nerve
Lesser petrosal nerve
Geniculate ganglion
Malleus
Incus
Middle ear cavity
Facial nerve
(before genu)
Facial nerve
(after genu)
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.
Fig. 7.74, page 709
15
Tegmen tympani
Arcuate eminence
Hiatus of facial canal
th Ed.
Grant’s Atlas, 12
16
Fig. 7.77A, page 714
Anterior (superior)
semicircular canal
raises arcuate eminence
17
Tegmen tympani
Arcuate eminence
Hiatus of facial canal
th Ed.
Grant’s Atlas, 11
18
Fig. 7.77A, page 714
Posterior View
of
Petrous Parts
of
Temporal Bones
Internal auditory
meatus
Posterior face
of petrous
pyramid
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.
Fig. 7.4C, page 615
19
Structures seen on Posterior Face of Petrous Pyramid
Groove for
inferior petrosal sinus
Internal auditory
meatus
Groove for superior
petrosal sinus
Groove for
sigmoid sinus
Grant’s Atlas, 11th Ed.
Fig. 7.85B, page 706
Opening of
cochlear canaliculus
Opening of
vestibular aqueduct
20
21
22
Auricle
Lateral view
Scaphoid fossa
Triangular fossa
Tubercle
Helix
Crura of antihelix
Crus of helix
Antihelix
Concha
Antitragus
Tragus
Ear lobe
th Ed.
Grant’s Atlas, 12
23
Fig. 7.68A, page 703
Cutaneous Innervation of Auricle
Concha (green area)Auricular branch of vagus
(Arnold’s nerve)
Lateral surface of blue areaGreat auricular nerve
Medial surface of blue areaGreat auricular nerve
Lateral surface of red areaAuriculotemporal nerve
Free medial surface of red areaLesser occipital nerve
Syllabus, page 466, topic e
24
25
Middle Ear Cavity
Horizontal section
Incus
Facial nerve
(in facial canal)
Chorda tympani
Malleus
Stapes
Lateral
Middle ear cavity
(Tympanic cavity)
External
auditory meatus
Auditory tube
Tympanic membrane
Anterior
(Eardrum)
Similar to: Grant’s Atlas,26
12th ed.
Figure 7.72A, p. 707
External view of Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum)
Lateral process of
malleus
Pars flaccida
Anterior mallear fold
Posterior mallear fold
Handle of malleus
Posterior
Anterior
Umbo
Pars tensa
Cone of light
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.
Figure 7.71A, page 706
Inferior
27
Middle Ear Cavity
Horizontal section
Incus
Facial nerve
(in facial canal)
Malleus
Chorda tympani
Lateral
Middle ear cavity
(Tympanic cavity)
Tympanic membrane
Anterior
(Eardrum)
Similar to: Grant’s Atlas,28
12th ed.
Figure 7.72A, p. 707
Diagram of Middle Ear Cavity
Anterior wall removed
ROOF
Chorda tympani
M
l
al
Lesser petrosal nerve
s
eu
MEDIAL WALL
LATERAL WALL
Incus
es
ap
St
Tympanic
membrane
Facial nerve in
facial canal
Tympanic plexus
FLOOR
Tympanic nerve
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.
Figure 7.73A, page 708
Facial nerve beyond
stylomastoid foramen
29
Simplified Diagram of Lateral Wall
of Middle Ear Cavity
(Inside the cavity looking out)
30
Detailed Diagram of Lateral Wall
of Middle Ear Cavity
(Inside the cavity looking out)
Tegmen tympani
Tensor tympani
Attic
Aditus ad antrum
Bony auditory
tube
Mastoid air cells
Chorda tympani
Tympanic canaliculus
Facial nerve
Internal carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.
Figure 7.75D, page 711
31
Lateral Wall of Middle Ear Cavity
(Inside the cavity looking out)
Attic (or epitympanum)
Tensor tympani
muscle
Bony auditory
tube
Chorda tympani
nerve
Eardrum
32
Facial nerve
Epitympanic
recess (attic)
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Vestibule
External auditory meatus
and tympanic membrane
33
Coronal section drawing
Medial Wall of Middle Ear Cavity
(Inside the cavity looking in)
Tensor tympani
muscle
Greater petrosal
nerve
Bony auditory
tube
Tendon of
stapedius muscle
Round window
Stapes in
oval window
Promontory of
cochlea
34
Parts of the Bony Labyrinth (in inner ear)
that form the Medial Wall of the Middle Ear
Oval window (stapes fits here)
Horizontal or lateral
semicircular canal
Facial canal
(for facial nerve)
Anterior
Posterior
Promontory of cochlea
12th
Grant’s Atlas,
Ed.
Figure 7.77C, page 714
Round window
35
Tympanic Plexus is on the Medial Wall of Middle Ear
Tympanic plexus lies on
the medial wall of the
middle ear (i.e. on the
promontory)
Jugular foramen
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.
Figure 7.75B, page 710
Inferior tympanic canaliculus
(tympanic nerve runs through it)
Carotid canal
Tympanic nerve
(branch of CN 36
IX)
Diagrammatic Review of Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Lesser petrosal nerve
Otic ganglion
Glossopharyngeal
nerve
Parotid gland
Auriculotemporal nerve
Tympanic nerve
(branch of glossopharyngeal)
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.
Page 835
37
Superior View of Petrous Pyramid
(drilled out)
Internal auditory meatus
Greater petrosal nerve
Lesser petrosal nerve
Geniculate ganglion
Malleus
Incus
Middle ear cavity
Facial nerve
(before genu)
Facial nerve
(after genu)
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.
Fig. 7.74, page 709
38
Diagrammatic Review of Facial Nerve
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.
page 831
39
Review of Facial Nerve
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.
page 831
40
End of Part 1
41
Radiologic Anatomy Practice Questions
Head and Neck
2008
Here are the practice questions.
You can look up the answers in the Radiologic Anatomy Program.
For confirmation of the answers, come to Dr. Sholley’s Review.
42
A. Identify the
black area
indicated by
the arrow.
B. The bony
structures
indicated by the
yellow arrows
are the _______.
43
A. Identify the
black area
indicated by
the red arrow.
B. Identify
the bony
structure
indicated by the
red arrow.
44
A. The yellow
arrows indicate
the _________.
B. Identify
the black area
indicated by the
red arrow.
45
A. The yellow
arrows indicate
the _________.
B. Identify
the structure
indicated by the
red arrow.
46
A. Identify
the soft tissue
structure
indicated by the
red arrow.
B. The yellow
arrow indicates
the _________.
47