Download II final guia de estudio 2011

Español II
Guía de estudio: Examen FinaII 2011
Para estudiar, usa:
-Textbook and online textbook (http://my.hrw.com)
-Handouts & Notes
-Websites http://www.bcsoh.org/Page/503 to access Video Tutorials, PPT’s, & Conjuguemos
Vocabulario
-Cap. 4 p. 155
http://quizlet.com/3868967/%c2%a1expresate-2-chapter-5-flash-cards/
-Cap. 5 p. 197
http://quizlet.com/3868967/%c2%a1expresate-2-chapter-5-flash-cards/
-Cap. 6 p. 237
http://quizlet.com/3868952/%c2%a1expresate-2-chapter-6-flash-cards/
*Good idea to review Cap. 1-3 vocab, as it will show up in questions on the exam.
Grammar
Cap. 4
-
-
-
-
Irregular preterit Ponerse, Decir, & Dar: (p.130 & R32)
o Preterite. Ponerse can be followed by an adjective or by a plus an infinitive to say how
someone reacted to something at a specific point in the past. Decir, followed by que, is
used to tell what someone said. (p. 130)
Preterite of -ir stem-changing verbs : (p. 132)
o Only -ir stem-changing verbs have a stem change in the preterite. If an -ir verb, such as
sentirse or dormirse (to fall asleep), has a stem change in its present tense forms, then it
also has a stem change in the preterite, but in its third person forms only. (p130)
Note: In the preterite, -ar and -er verbs do not have stem changes, even if they do in the
present tense.
Preterite of ser and estar: (p. 134)
o The verbs ser and estar are irregular in the preterite. Notice that the preterite forms of ser
are identical to those of ir.
Verbs with reflexive pronouns and direct obejects: (p.142)
o You can use a reflexive pronoun with a direct object. The direct object is often a part of
the body or something that you put on.
o The reflexive pronoun can go just before the conjugated verb or it can be attached to the
end of a present participle or infinitive.
o The reflexive pronoun is attached to the end of the verb in affirmative commands. It is
placed just before the verb in negative commands.
Past participles as adjectives: (p.144)
o Verbs have a form called the past participle, which can be used as an adjective. You can
use it to describe a condition or an injury to a part of the body.
o When used as adjectives, participles must agree with nouns in number and gender.
o Some participles are irregular
-
Preterit of verbs like caer: (p. 146)
o When -er or -ir verbs like caerse have a stem that ends in a vowel, the i of third-person
preterite endings changes to y: -ió → -yó and -ieron → -yeron. In all other forms the i has
a written accent mark (í) to show that the í is pronounced as a separate syllable.
-
Review of Grammar 1 & 2 (pp. 154)
Español II
Guía de estudio: Examen FinaII 2011
Grammar
Cap. 5
-Preterit of Poder, Traer, & Decir (p. 170)
o Both poder and traer are irregular in the preterite. The verb poder is often followed by an
infinitive to say what you could (and did) do or couldn’t (and, in fact, didn’t) do.
-Verbs with reflexive pronouns. (p.173)
o
o
o
Some of these verbs show that the subject acts upon itself when used with a reflexive
pronoun.
Some verbs with reflexive pronouns have a different meaning than the verb without a
reflexive pronoun
Use direct object pronouns to replace the direct object of a verb. Reflexive pronouns
always go before direct object pronouns.
-Negation with nunca, tampoco, nadie, nada, and ninguno: (p. 182)
- Hace with time expressions: (p. 184)
o To talk about an event that began in the past and is still going on, use hace + time
expression + que + a verb in the present tense.
o Here are some time expressions you can use with hace… que and a verb in the present
tense.
-
una hora
una semana
un año
un día
un mes
poco/mucho tiempo
Review of Grammar 1 & 2 (pp. 196)
Grammar
Cap. 6
-Regular Imperfect: (p. 210)
o The imperfect is used to talk about the past, but it has different uses than the preterite.
The imperfect tells what someone used to do, what things were like, or how things used to
be.
o
Form the imperfect by removing the -ar, -er, or -ir infinitive ending and adding the
imperfect endings below. Note that the yo and él/ella/usted forms are the same. Context
makes it clear who the subject is.
- The verbs ir and ver are irregular in the imperfect: (p. 212)
- The verbs ser and haber in the imperfect: (p. 222)
o
Use the verb ser in the imperfect to describe what someone or something was generally
like in the past. Its forms are irregular
Español II
Guía de estudio: Examen FinaII 2011
o
You’ve used hay, the present tense form of haber, to say what there is or are. Use the
imperfect form había to say what there generally was/were or what there used to be in the
past.
- Reciprocal Actions: (p. 214)
o Reciprocal actions involve two or more people doing something to or for each other, such
as helping one another or calling one another.
o To show that an action is reciprocal, use the plural reflexive pronouns nos, os, or se with
a plural verb form.
- Preterit with mental and emotional states: (p. 224)
o Use the preterite of verbs such as ponerse and sentirse to describe reactions and changes
in mental or emotional states that occurred at a specific point in the past.
o In the preterite, querer is also used to talk about reactions at a specific point in the past. It
means having the urge to do something and even following through with it. When used
with no, it can mean refusing to do something. Saber in the preterite is used to say that
someone found out something
- Creer, leer, construir, caerle a uno, oír: (p.226)
o The verbs creer (to believe), leer (to read), oír (to hear), and caer (to fall) have the same
preterite endings. Because their stem ends in a vowel, their third-person endings are -yó
and -yeron, and their first- and second-person endings all have an accent mark over the i.
Construir (to build) has the same third-person endings, but has no accent marks in the
nosotros, tú, and vosotros forms.
-
Review of Grammar 1 & 2 (pp. 236)
-
Also included sections of:
Listening
Reading
Writing
Pronunciation
(Incorporate the above info)