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The Ecosystem and Biome An Overview Biome • a large region characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plant and animal communities. • 2 types: • Aquatic • Terrestrial • Examples? Biome con’t • The CLIMATE determines what types of living organisms (biotic factors) can survive and thrive in that region of the Earth. • Other factors: elevation, vegetation, animals, amount of water, type of water (salt or fresh), etc. • The same Biome can exist in various parts of the Earth Ecosystem • A community of interdependent organisms and the interactions with the physical environment in which they live. • It can also be defined as the abiotic and biotic factors and the interactions between them. • There are many ecosystems within a Biome. Community • All the LIVING organisms that live in an area and interact. • Unlike ecosystem, the community is only the LIVING (biotic) organisms. Population • All the members of a species that live in one place at one time. • SPECIES: a group or organisms of a single type that are capable of producing fertile offspring in the natural environment. Individual (organism) • Simplest level of organization in an ecosystem. • Not about interactions. What is a Niche??? • the relational position of a species or population in an ecosystem. • Different species occupy different niches within a single ecosystem. Niche • The description of a niche may include descriptions of the organism's life history, habitat, and place in the food chain. • According to the competitive exclusion principle, no two species can occupy the same niche in the same environment for a long time • Why not? Abiotic and Biotic factors • Biotic Factor: A living, biological factor that may influence an organism or a system. • Example? • Abiotic factor: A non-living, physical factor that may influence an organism or a system • Examples? Which factors are biotic? • Rabbits • Cacti • Daylight hours • Precipitation • Moss • Soil composition • Bacteria Limiting factors • An abiotic factor that limits a populations size if there is too much or too little of it. Even if there is the right amount of other factors. • Examples to consider: Sunlight Precipitation Salinity Nutrients in the soil Trophic levels • Ecosystems are often broken up and described according to feeding relationships. Trophic level: • The position of an organism in a food chain • A group of organisms that occupy the same place in a food chain. Cycling of matter, flow of energy