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# 3 Bandura’s Social Learning Theory

Albert Bandura : (born December 4, 1925, Canada)
is a psychologist at Stanford University. Bandura has
been responsible for groundbreaking contributions
to many fields of psychology, including social
cognitive theory, and personality psychology, and
was also influential in the transition between
behaviorism and cognitive psychology. He is known
as the originator of social learning theory and the
theory of self-efficacy,
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
Major Theme
People can learn through observation; Learning from
observing and modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and
emotional reactions of others.
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
Basic Social Learning Concepts
1)
People can learn through observation--Observational
Learning(example: bobo dull)
2)
Mental states are important to learning--Intrinsic Reinforcement:
internal reward, such as pride, satisfaction, and a sense of
accomplishment.
3)
Learning does not necessarily lead to a change in behavior--the
Modeling Process
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
Certain requirements and steps
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Attention
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Retention(memory)
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Motor reproduction
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Motivation(including external and self reinforcement)
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Observer characteristics(sensory capacities, arousal level, perceptual set
and past reinforcement)
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
Related Theories, Pedagogical Practices and Practical WebDesign Strategies
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Model cognitive processes and behaviors using real problems
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Provide similar examples and comparisons to aid perceptions and recall
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Use show me buttons
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Use worked examples as a method for modeling problem solving
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Use repetition with varitey
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
Impact on the learners
Positive
Negative
# 4 Carroll’s Minimalist Theory
John M. Carroll: currently a Professor of Information Sciences and Technology
at Penn State. Carroll is perhaps best known for his theory of Minimalism in
computer instruction, training, and technical communication.
Carroll’s Minimalist Theory
Major Theme
framework for the design of instruction, especially
training materials for computer users; and minimize
the extent to which instructional materials obstruct
learning and focus the design on activities that
support learner-directed activity and accomplishment.
Carroll’s Minimalist Theory
This theory suggests
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get the user up and running as soon as possible(Previews, introductions,
summaries, and reviews)
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allow the user to think and improvise
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focus on real work in training
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make use of the learner's prior knowledge
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manage error recognition and recovery as learning strategies
Carroll’s Minimalist Theory
Principles
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Learners start right away on meaningful tasks
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Minimize the amount of passive forms of training and users to fill in the gaps
by themselves
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Include error recognition and recovery activites in the instruction
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Make all learning activites self-contained and independent of sequence
Carroll’s Minimalist Theory
Related Theories, Pedagogical Practice and Practical
Web-design Strategies
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Important information at the top of the page
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Simple, consistent web & graphics design
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Keep pages short
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Fit a page on one screen to eliminate scrolling
Carroll’s Minimalist Theory
Related Theories, Pedagogical Practice and Practical
Web-design Strategies
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Pages should download in 30 seconds
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Pages balanced , readable , minimal reduce excess information

Structure materials as topical modules for reuse

Strive for quality not quantity
Carroll’s Minimalist Theory
Web-page design advice
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Design small
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Keep effects simple
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Map out the whole site
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Plan for growth
Carroll’s Minimalist Theory
Web-page design advice
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Get feedback from users
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Test any outside links regularly
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Only one person edit privileges
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No “under construction” sites. Post only when the page is complete
Summary Of Five Learning Theories
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Gagne’s conditions of Learning Thoery: intellectual skills
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Bruner’s constructivist Thoery: learning is an active process in which learners
construct new ideas or concepts based on their current/past knowledge”
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Bandura’s Social Learning Theory: observing and modeling the behaviors and
attitudes of others.
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Carroll’s Minimalist Theory:The instructional design of training materials for
computer users and has been: extensively applied to the design of computer
documentation.
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Vygostky’s Theory of Social Conitive Development: social interaction plays a
fundamental role in the development of cognition
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