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# 3 Bandura’s Social Learning Theory Albert Bandura : (born December 4, 1925, Canada) is a psychologist at Stanford University. Bandura has been responsible for groundbreaking contributions to many fields of psychology, including social cognitive theory, and personality psychology, and was also influential in the transition between behaviorism and cognitive psychology. He is known as the originator of social learning theory and the theory of self-efficacy, Bandura’s Social Learning Theory Major Theme People can learn through observation; Learning from observing and modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory Basic Social Learning Concepts 1) People can learn through observation--Observational Learning(example: bobo dull) 2) Mental states are important to learning--Intrinsic Reinforcement: internal reward, such as pride, satisfaction, and a sense of accomplishment. 3) Learning does not necessarily lead to a change in behavior--the Modeling Process Bandura’s Social Learning Theory Certain requirements and steps Attention Retention(memory) Motor reproduction Motivation(including external and self reinforcement) Observer characteristics(sensory capacities, arousal level, perceptual set and past reinforcement) Bandura’s Social Learning Theory Related Theories, Pedagogical Practices and Practical WebDesign Strategies Model cognitive processes and behaviors using real problems Provide similar examples and comparisons to aid perceptions and recall Use show me buttons Use worked examples as a method for modeling problem solving Use repetition with varitey Bandura’s Social Learning Theory Impact on the learners Positive Negative # 4 Carroll’s Minimalist Theory John M. Carroll: currently a Professor of Information Sciences and Technology at Penn State. Carroll is perhaps best known for his theory of Minimalism in computer instruction, training, and technical communication. Carroll’s Minimalist Theory Major Theme framework for the design of instruction, especially training materials for computer users; and minimize the extent to which instructional materials obstruct learning and focus the design on activities that support learner-directed activity and accomplishment. Carroll’s Minimalist Theory This theory suggests get the user up and running as soon as possible(Previews, introductions, summaries, and reviews) allow the user to think and improvise focus on real work in training make use of the learner's prior knowledge manage error recognition and recovery as learning strategies Carroll’s Minimalist Theory Principles Learners start right away on meaningful tasks Minimize the amount of passive forms of training and users to fill in the gaps by themselves Include error recognition and recovery activites in the instruction Make all learning activites self-contained and independent of sequence Carroll’s Minimalist Theory Related Theories, Pedagogical Practice and Practical Web-design Strategies Important information at the top of the page Simple, consistent web & graphics design Keep pages short Fit a page on one screen to eliminate scrolling Carroll’s Minimalist Theory Related Theories, Pedagogical Practice and Practical Web-design Strategies Pages should download in 30 seconds Pages balanced , readable , minimal reduce excess information Structure materials as topical modules for reuse Strive for quality not quantity Carroll’s Minimalist Theory Web-page design advice Design small Keep effects simple Map out the whole site Plan for growth Carroll’s Minimalist Theory Web-page design advice Get feedback from users Test any outside links regularly Only one person edit privileges No “under construction” sites. Post only when the page is complete Summary Of Five Learning Theories Gagne’s conditions of Learning Thoery: intellectual skills Bruner’s constructivist Thoery: learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based on their current/past knowledge” Bandura’s Social Learning Theory: observing and modeling the behaviors and attitudes of others. Carroll’s Minimalist Theory:The instructional design of training materials for computer users and has been: extensively applied to the design of computer documentation. Vygostky’s Theory of Social Conitive Development: social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition Thank you for your patience Reporters: Pia Lhamo