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Observational Learning Unit 4 Lesson 3 Objectives: Students will describe components of social learning theory as identified by Bandura. Students will identify factors that affect learning. Warm Up Using all four principles of operant conditioning, explain how you could get my 5 yr old to eat her broccoli! +R: She can have dessert as soon as she eats her veggies -R: Eat your veggies and you don’t have to finish your chicken (which she hates) (Premack Principle) Pun: Sit at table until gone, yell at for not eating OT: No tv tonight unless you eat veggies S-A-T How do most children learn new behaviors? Copying Cognitive Learning Albert Bandura (1925-Present) Mental process involved in learning Also Known As… Observational Learning Watching and imitating behavior of others. Social Learning Observing the social behaviors of others. Bandura’s Study Bobo Doll Kids changed behavior w/out rewards or shaping! Click to watch original study footage! 4 Steps of Modeling Attention Retention Imitation/Reproduction Motivation T-P-S We want to teach our 2 year old to share toys with her older sister, how could we do this through observational/social learning? Model sharing & cooperative behaviors (set table, pass food, make bed, clean up together) Effects of Social Learning Vicarious Learning Disinhibition Seeing another rewarded or punished influences our behavior Observing others do w/out punishment helps us do it Self-Efficacy Observing others similar to us succeed or fail influences our perceptions of success or failure at same activity. Part II: Learning Leftovers Learning Complicated Tasks Shaping Chaining: Responses that follow one another in sequence until no further action is required. Soda from machine Factors That Affect Learning 1. Feedback Finding out results of action or performance Factors That Affect Learning 2. Transfer Effects of past learning on ability to learn new things. + Transfer: If old helps you learn new - Transfer: If old gets in way of learning new Factors That Affect Learning 3. Practice Repetition of a task, to tie responses together Best over time, not all at once! Negative Learning Learned Laziness If rewards come without effort, person never learns to work. Social Loafing Learned Helplessness http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFmFOmprTt0 If pain/failure comes no matter what, no matter how hard you try, a person gives up. Seligman Studies on Learned Helplessness Pessimistic Explanatory Style: Personal – see selves as problem (internalized) Permanent – see problem as unchangeable Pervasive – see problem affecting all aspects of life If unable to control events in life: Less motivated to act Lowered sense selfesteem Apathy, submission Depression Positive Psychology