Download Paul Snelgrove (Memorial University)

•Paul Snelgrove (Memorial University)
•Phil Archambault (Univ. Quebec à
Rimouski)
•Kim Juniper (Univ. of Victoria)
•Peter Lawton (DFO Canada)
•Chris McKindsey (DFO Canada)
•Anna Metaxas (Dalhousie University)
•Pierre Pepin (DFO Canada)
•David Schneider (Memorial University)
•Verena Tunnicliffe (Univ. of Victoria)
The NSERC Canadian Healthy Oceans Network
Biodiversity science for sustainable oceans
CHONe is a team of 147 researchers
•42 University faculty
•25 Government scientists
•20 PhD students
•17 MSc
•37 Undergraduates
•3 Postdocs
University Co-Applicants
•Dalhousie University
•Guelph University
•McGill University
•Memorial University
•Mt. Allison University
•Simon Fraser University
•University of Alberta
•University of British Columbia
•University College of Cape Breton
•Université de Quebec à Chicoutimi
•Université de Quebec à Rimouski
•Université Laval
•University of Prince Edward Island
•University of Victoria
•University of Waterloo
Major Funding Partners
•Natural Sciences & Engineering
Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
•Department of Fisheries & Oceans
(Science & Oceans Branches)
•Government of Newfoundland &
Labrador
•Natural Resources Canada
•Atlantic Reference Centre
•Canadian Museum of Nature
•Parks Canada
•ArcticNet
~ $10 Million distributed over 5 years
Open
Ocean
Near
shore
Vulnerabiity
Habitat Size (km2)
Circulation change
Fishing
Effects
Pollution
Salinity
Eutropication
Rainfall
Disease
Invasive species Temp.
Hydrology change
Habitat loss
10
0
2
4
6
8
Temperate
Arctic
10
10
10
10
10 10
Scale of Threat (km2)
Snelgrove et al. (2004)
Island Press
“…a growing global network of researchers in more than 70
nations engaged in a ten-year initiative to assess and explain the
diversity, distribution, and abundance of marine life in the oceans -past, present, and future.
www.coml.org
The scientific landscape is changing…
•Ecosystem-Based Management
•Oceans Act
•Role of DFO Oceans
•Convention on Biological Diversity
•Law of the Sea
There is a technology revolution underway in ocean sciences
•Observation
•Sampling
•Modeling
Integration
Theme I
Theme II
Biodiversity
Characterization & Tools- What is
the nature of cryptic diversity, the
spatial distribution of biodiversity,
& temporal changes in biodiversity?
Ecosystem Function
How is ecosystem function
linked to
biodiversity & agents
of disturbance (natural and
anthropogenic)?
OCEAN HEALTH
Theme III
Dispersal Dynamics- “How does
dispersal influence patterns of
diversity, resilience, and source/sink
dynamics of species and
communities?”
We will….
•provide a science basis for conservation-based decisions,
•develop new tools & strategies for policy decisions,
•train the next generation of young, highly-qualified personnel
THREE GEOGRAPHIC FOCI…
Three
Oceans
TRAINING IN CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGIES
•ocean observatories
•new sampling tools
•microparticles
•genetics tools
•new taxonomy tools
•novel instrumentation
•new GIS tools for habitat mapping
•automated recognition tools
•predictive tools
•biophysical models
•spatial statistical tools
•comprehensive management tools
CHONe strongly complements ongoing funded programs…
•International Polar Year
•Ocean Management Research Network (OMRN)
•Community-University Recovery Alliance (CURA)
•Census of Marine Life
•Barcode of Life
•ArcticNet
•Invasive Species Network (CAISN)
•VENUS, NEPTUNE, Bonne Bay
•DFOs Centres of Expertise
•TRACES
•CAMEO (Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem
Organization) ???
Science
•University
•Government
•Other Partners
Conservation &
Sustainable Use
of Canada’s
Oceans
National Policy
•DFO
•Parks Canada
•Environment Canada
•NGOs
Regional & Local
Stakeholder Involvement
•Traditional Ecological Knowledge
•Local support
•Access to environment
THEME I: BIODIVERSITY
Goal 1 – Diversity in Space
Relation of taxonomic and functional diversity to habitat diversity
•Arctic Corridor
•Atlantic Corridor
•Pacific Corridor
•New Tools for Image Analysis
Goal 2 – Diversity in Time
Rate of divergence and benchmarks for Arctic warming
•Cryptic Diversity
•Divergence Rate
Goal 3 – Diversity in Society
Knowledge assembly, accessibility, and application
•Ecoinformatics
•Synthesis
Theme I Issue – Habitat Mapping vs Ecological Analysis
CHONe will use advanced technologies for seabed interpretation to
understand benthic diversity patterns
Gulf of
Maine
Continental
Rise
seismic
tsunami
chemical
Currents/seabed
visual
130 instruments
(>40 types)
>300 sensors
Biodiversity, ecosystem services (function)
and human well -being
THEME II: ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION
Understand and quantify the role of biodiversity
in ecosystems services
Goal 1 – Natural variation in
biodiversity & ecosystems
services
Goal 2 – Anthropogenic
pressures on biodiversity &
ecosystem services
Synthesis
Vancouver
VICTORIA EXPERIMENTAL
NETWORK UNDER THE SEA
A seafloor cabled laboratory
at the University of Victoria
VENUS is located in two places:
• Strait of Georgia
• Saanich Inlet
Victoria
To date, 25 instruments
are connected via a
subsean node
Data are available to all:
www.venus.uvic.ca
THEME III: CONNECTIVITY
Goal 1 – Evaluate the role of larval dispersal in regional
source-sink dynamics
Goal 2 – Compare metapopulation connectivity
using different metrics of dispersal
THEME III: CONNECTIVITY
Goal 2 – Compare metapopulation connectivity
using different metrics of dispersal
Existing and emerging tools
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Contrasting species
• Mussels (model weak swimmers)
Larval distributions
• Lobsters
Larval behaviour
Langrangian estimates using microdrifters • Other decapods (?)
Numerical modelling of ocean circulation • Cod
• Other fish species
Genetic differentiation
Statistical and dynamic modelling
Historical data
Juvenile between-habitat flux and dispersal
potential
www.osl.gc.ca/homard/en/schema-cycle-de-vie.html
Magnetic collector array in expected dispersion domain
1
52.0
2
50.0
48.0
3
4
Apparatus, System and Method for Evaluating Fluid Systems
C.T. Taggart & B.R. Ruddick
46.0
-58.0
-56.0
-54.0
5
Oceanography Department
UNITED STATES and CANADA
Patent Pending
• Collector integrates particles over time in space:
Magnetically
attractive
COMPARE
p
0
particle
0
• Model integrates “particles” over time in space: release
T
N   C(x ,t)dt
-52.0
Biodiversity
Ecosystem
Health
Taxonomic baselines
Biology of critical species New assessment
methodologies
Defining critical habitat
Disturbance models
Products for
End Users
Metapopulation input to
management strategies
Impact of oceanographic
events on recruitment
Sources & Sinks
•Good science
•Ecosystem-based
•management tools
•Metrics for MPA
outcomes
•Data products
•Outreach products
2008-2013