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•Paul Snelgrove (Memorial University) •Phil Archambault (Univ. Quebec à Rimouski) •Kim Juniper (Univ. of Victoria) •Peter Lawton (DFO Canada) •Chris McKindsey (DFO Canada) •Anna Metaxas (Dalhousie University) •Pierre Pepin (DFO Canada) •David Schneider (Memorial University) •Verena Tunnicliffe (Univ. of Victoria) The NSERC Canadian Healthy Oceans Network Biodiversity science for sustainable oceans CHONe is a team of 147 researchers •42 University faculty •25 Government scientists •20 PhD students •17 MSc •37 Undergraduates •3 Postdocs University Co-Applicants •Dalhousie University •Guelph University •McGill University •Memorial University •Mt. Allison University •Simon Fraser University •University of Alberta •University of British Columbia •University College of Cape Breton •Université de Quebec à Chicoutimi •Université de Quebec à Rimouski •Université Laval •University of Prince Edward Island •University of Victoria •University of Waterloo Major Funding Partners •Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) •Department of Fisheries & Oceans (Science & Oceans Branches) •Government of Newfoundland & Labrador •Natural Resources Canada •Atlantic Reference Centre •Canadian Museum of Nature •Parks Canada •ArcticNet ~ $10 Million distributed over 5 years Open Ocean Near shore Vulnerabiity Habitat Size (km2) Circulation change Fishing Effects Pollution Salinity Eutropication Rainfall Disease Invasive species Temp. Hydrology change Habitat loss 10 0 2 4 6 8 Temperate Arctic 10 10 10 10 10 10 Scale of Threat (km2) Snelgrove et al. (2004) Island Press “…a growing global network of researchers in more than 70 nations engaged in a ten-year initiative to assess and explain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of marine life in the oceans -past, present, and future. www.coml.org The scientific landscape is changing… •Ecosystem-Based Management •Oceans Act •Role of DFO Oceans •Convention on Biological Diversity •Law of the Sea There is a technology revolution underway in ocean sciences •Observation •Sampling •Modeling Integration Theme I Theme II Biodiversity Characterization & Tools- What is the nature of cryptic diversity, the spatial distribution of biodiversity, & temporal changes in biodiversity? Ecosystem Function How is ecosystem function linked to biodiversity & agents of disturbance (natural and anthropogenic)? OCEAN HEALTH Theme III Dispersal Dynamics- “How does dispersal influence patterns of diversity, resilience, and source/sink dynamics of species and communities?” We will…. •provide a science basis for conservation-based decisions, •develop new tools & strategies for policy decisions, •train the next generation of young, highly-qualified personnel THREE GEOGRAPHIC FOCI… Three Oceans TRAINING IN CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGIES •ocean observatories •new sampling tools •microparticles •genetics tools •new taxonomy tools •novel instrumentation •new GIS tools for habitat mapping •automated recognition tools •predictive tools •biophysical models •spatial statistical tools •comprehensive management tools CHONe strongly complements ongoing funded programs… •International Polar Year •Ocean Management Research Network (OMRN) •Community-University Recovery Alliance (CURA) •Census of Marine Life •Barcode of Life •ArcticNet •Invasive Species Network (CAISN) •VENUS, NEPTUNE, Bonne Bay •DFOs Centres of Expertise •TRACES •CAMEO (Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization) ??? Science •University •Government •Other Partners Conservation & Sustainable Use of Canada’s Oceans National Policy •DFO •Parks Canada •Environment Canada •NGOs Regional & Local Stakeholder Involvement •Traditional Ecological Knowledge •Local support •Access to environment THEME I: BIODIVERSITY Goal 1 – Diversity in Space Relation of taxonomic and functional diversity to habitat diversity •Arctic Corridor •Atlantic Corridor •Pacific Corridor •New Tools for Image Analysis Goal 2 – Diversity in Time Rate of divergence and benchmarks for Arctic warming •Cryptic Diversity •Divergence Rate Goal 3 – Diversity in Society Knowledge assembly, accessibility, and application •Ecoinformatics •Synthesis Theme I Issue – Habitat Mapping vs Ecological Analysis CHONe will use advanced technologies for seabed interpretation to understand benthic diversity patterns Gulf of Maine Continental Rise seismic tsunami chemical Currents/seabed visual 130 instruments (>40 types) >300 sensors Biodiversity, ecosystem services (function) and human well -being THEME II: ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION Understand and quantify the role of biodiversity in ecosystems services Goal 1 – Natural variation in biodiversity & ecosystems services Goal 2 – Anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity & ecosystem services Synthesis Vancouver VICTORIA EXPERIMENTAL NETWORK UNDER THE SEA A seafloor cabled laboratory at the University of Victoria VENUS is located in two places: • Strait of Georgia • Saanich Inlet Victoria To date, 25 instruments are connected via a subsean node Data are available to all: www.venus.uvic.ca THEME III: CONNECTIVITY Goal 1 – Evaluate the role of larval dispersal in regional source-sink dynamics Goal 2 – Compare metapopulation connectivity using different metrics of dispersal THEME III: CONNECTIVITY Goal 2 – Compare metapopulation connectivity using different metrics of dispersal Existing and emerging tools • • • • • • • • Contrasting species • Mussels (model weak swimmers) Larval distributions • Lobsters Larval behaviour Langrangian estimates using microdrifters • Other decapods (?) Numerical modelling of ocean circulation • Cod • Other fish species Genetic differentiation Statistical and dynamic modelling Historical data Juvenile between-habitat flux and dispersal potential www.osl.gc.ca/homard/en/schema-cycle-de-vie.html Magnetic collector array in expected dispersion domain 1 52.0 2 50.0 48.0 3 4 Apparatus, System and Method for Evaluating Fluid Systems C.T. Taggart & B.R. Ruddick 46.0 -58.0 -56.0 -54.0 5 Oceanography Department UNITED STATES and CANADA Patent Pending • Collector integrates particles over time in space: Magnetically attractive COMPARE p 0 particle 0 • Model integrates “particles” over time in space: release T N C(x ,t)dt -52.0 Biodiversity Ecosystem Health Taxonomic baselines Biology of critical species New assessment methodologies Defining critical habitat Disturbance models Products for End Users Metapopulation input to management strategies Impact of oceanographic events on recruitment Sources & Sinks •Good science •Ecosystem-based •management tools •Metrics for MPA outcomes •Data products •Outreach products 2008-2013