Download 6th Grade Earth Science

4th Grade Earth
Science
Chapter 8
Rocks and Minerals
Minerals
• ___________
- a natural, non-living solid with
Mineral
a definite chemical structure.
4,000 kinds
• Earth’s crust contains more than _________
minerals – only two dozen are common.
• Examples: diamond, quartz, emerald copper
crystals
• Minerals are made up of ______.
• Particles of _______
are arranged in a
crystals
particular repeating pattern.
Crystals
Mineral
• _______
form when minerals are made in
nature
• Each type of mineral has its own unique
chemical __________.
structure
• Differences in minerals result from the way
that particles are arranged.
• Brass – Copper + Zinc –____________because
Not a mineral
it does not occur naturally
Identifying Minerals
characteristics
• Minerals are identified by their ____________
• _______________
Moh’s hardness scale - a scale to measure
hardness of a mineral
• The range of the harness scale is from 1
Softest
Hardest
(_______)
to 10 (______)
1 / diamond is a _____
10
• Talc has a harness of __
• ________
- refers to how difficult it is to
hardness
scratch its surface
Other Mineral Characteristics
• _______
- a mineral may have different
Color
crystals depending on the kinds of materials
crystals
that make up its ______.
• The color of a mineral can be seen in its
______.
streak
• A mineral can also be identified by the ______
shape
of its crystals.
• _______
Cleavage - minerals show particular patterns
when they are broken along flat planes.
Luster
• ______
Luster - the appearance of a mineral in
reflected light.
• A mineral may appear:
Metallic
– __________
– __________
Nonmetallic
Greasy
– __________
Glassy
– __________
Waxy
– __________
Rocks
• _____
- a solid, natural material made up of
rock
one or more minerals
Rock cycle
• ___________
- as time passes, rock break
down, and the minerals in them are recycled –
pattern of change
• The rock cycle takes place over millions
________ of
years.
• There are three types of rocks: __________,
sedimentary
__________,
and __________
igneous
metamorphic
Sedimentary Rock
• ______________
- made from pieces of rocks
Sedimentary rock
and minerals
layers
• Sedimentary rock forms in ________
- the
oldest rock at the bottom and the newest rock
on top.
• Sedimentary rock is like a “_________”
- past
History book
events captured in each layer.
• _____
fossils - remains of once living animals or
plants
Sedimentary Rock Continued
Sedimentary rock
• Fossils are ONLY found in _____________
• Example of sedimentary rock = ________
limestone
• Limestone is made from _________________
Shells of tiny sea animals
or from dissolved __________
that settle out
minerals
of seawater.
Igneous Rock
• __________
Igneous rock - forms from magma – molten
rock inside of the earth that cools and hardens
Earth’s surface
• Some igneous rock forms Below
______________
and is only exposed after rocks above have
worn away
• Other igneous rocks form when lava
_____ cools at
the Earth’s surface
• When lava cools fast - _______________
Fine-ground rocks form
• When lava cools slowly - _______________
Coarse-grained rock
Metamorphic Rock
Metamorphic rock - forms when heat, pressure,
• _____________
or chemical reactions change one type of rock
into another type of rock.
• Metamorphic rock is made from ___________
Sedimentary rock
Igneous rock
or _________.
• Example: ______
marble is a metamorphic rock made
limestone (sedimentary rock)
from________
Compare and Contrast
• How are the three types of rocks similar and
different?
Clues to the Past
• Scientists can tell a great deal about Earth’s
history by looking at _____.
rocks
Relative dating
• ______________
- scientists look at the layers
of sedimentary rock and learn about the
relative age of each layer and the minerals
found in it.
• Relative dating allows scientists to place past
events in ____________
Sequential order
Rock Cycle