Download Evidence of Evolution - Get a Clue with Mrs. Perdue

Evidence of
Evolution
Evidence Supporting Evolution
1. Fossil Record
 Shows
change over time
2. Anatomical Record
 Comparing
body structures
Homologous & vestigial structures
 Embryology & development

3. Molecular Record
 Comparing
DNA & protein sequences
4. Artificial Selection
 Humans
cause evolution
1. Fossil Record

Layers of rock contain fossils
 new
layers cover older ones
 creates a
 fossils
record over time
show detailed structural changes in
plants and animals over time
Fossils tell a story…
the Earth is old
Life is old
Life on Earth has changed
2. Anatomical Record
• Analyzing similarities in
structures from different
organisms to show a common
ancestor
a. Homologous Structures



Same structure, different function
Suggests that organisms share common ancestor
Ex. Forelimbs of human, cat, whale, & bat
Same bone
structures
b. Analogous Structures
 Different structures, same function
 Suggests that organisms do not share common

ancestor
Ex. Hawk, butterfly, & bat can all fly but have
different wing structure
c. Vestigial Structures


Structures on modern animals that have no function
Remains of structures that were functional in
ancestors
 evidence

of change over time
Ex. Eyes on blind cave fish
Some snakes & whales have
pelvis bones & leg bones
d. Comparative Embryology

Analyzing embryos with similar structures to show
common ancestor
3. Molecular Record

Comparing DNA & protein structure in different
organisms
 Every
living organism has a genetic code = DNA
Human Macaque
Dog Bird
Frog
Lamprey
32 45
67
125
 compare common genes
 compare common proteins
Cladogram shows number of
amino acids different from
human hemoglobin
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110120
4. Artificial Selection


Humans choosing which organisms reproduce &
survive = “Evolution by human selection”
Ex. Designer breeds of dogs
Artificial Selection
Two chickens at 8 weeks old: one artificially
selected & one naturally selected
• Artificially inseminated to produce
chicken with more meat mass
CAMOUFLAGE
AND MIMICRY
Structural adaptations
1. Camouflage

Any color, pattern, shape or behavior that enables
an animal to blend in with its surroundings
Short Videos:
•
Cuttlefish, master of camouflage
•
Walking stick
Tasseled Scorpion Fish
Frog
Owl
Scorpion Fish
Leaf-tailed Gecko
Crocodile
Caterpillar
Wolf
2. Mimicry

Appearing or behaving like another species which
protects one or both
Coral Snake (venomous)
King Snake (nonvenomous)
This tropical lo moth, once a caterpillar with an honest
signal now sports eyespots on its hind wings, which it
displays when threatened.


Munching on a plant stem in
Costa Rica's Monteverde
Cloud Forest Reserve, this
Xylophanes caterpillar has
such tiny eyes that you
would need a hand lens to
see them.
The red "eyes" and pointed
"stinger" are both fake.
Viceroy butterfly
(nonvenomous)
Monarch butterfly
(venomous)
In the lowland rain forest of the Peruvian Amazon, a "bird
dropping" on a leaf turns out to be a caterpillar.