Download Key Learning(s) - East Pennsboro Area School District

EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
COURSE:
216 PHYSICS I
Unit:
Dynamics of Circular Motion
Subject(s): Physics I
Days:
10
Grade(s):
Key Learning(s):
Objects moving in a circle can be explained using Newtonian Dynamics.
11, 12
Instructional Tools:
Vernier Lab Equipment (Lab
Pro and Rotary Motion Sensors)
Laptop Computers
Unit Essential Question(s):
How can rotational motion be explained using Newton’s Laws of Motion?
Force Diagrams
Concept:
Concept:
Concept:
Objects moving in a circle are
constantly undergoing a change in
their motion. According to
Newton’s 1st and 2nd laws, this can
only be a result of a net force,
which is called the centripetal
force. This is the force that is
pulling an object toward the center
of the circle in which it is rotating.
The motion of an object moving in
a circular path can be predicted
using Newtonian dynamics to
calculate the acceleration of the
object.
Newton’s Law of Universal
Gravitation computes the force between
two masses at a distance.
Lesson Essential Questions:
Is an object that is rotating in a
circle moving in its natural state of
motion?
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does Newtonian dynamics
explain and predict the motion of
an object moving in a circle?
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does gravity exert its influence on an
object and how can it be calculated?
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of circular motion
to solve for unknown quantities of
motion.
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of translational and
circular motion to solve for unknown
quantities of motion.
Construct a free body diagram
indicating the magnitude and
direction of the forces on an object
moving in circular path and use
information from the diagram to
determine the motion of the object.
Construct a free body diagram indicating
the magnitude and direction of the forces
on an object moving in a translational or
circular path and use information from the
diagram to determine the motion of the
object.
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 1—
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Unit:
COURSE:
Heat and Thermodynamics
Days: 10 days
216
Subject(s):
Physics I
Grade(s):
11, 12
PHYSICS I
Key Learning(s):
Instructional Tools:
Molecular motion can be interpreted and predicted using the concepts of
Work & Energy.
Vernier Lab
Unit Essential Question(s):
How can the motion and interaction of molecules in matter be understood
and predicted?
Laptop Computers
Equipment (Lab Pro
Temperature Probes)
Concept:
Concept:
Concept:
Temperature is a measure of the
average kinetic energy of the
molecules in a system. Matter
exists in three different molecular
orientations that are based on the
temperature of the substance.
Objects that are at different temperatures
will strive toward Thermal Equilibrium
when placed together in a system. This
will happen in accordance with the law of
conservation of energy.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How is temperature used to
describe molecular motion?
Heat is a term used to describe the
amount of energy that moves from
a region of high temperature to low
temperature. Specific Heat is the
amount of energy required to raise
the temperature of a specific
substance.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does thermal energy move
from one region to another?
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of thermodynamics
to solve for unknown motion
quantities of molecular motion.
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of thermodynamics
to solve for unknown motion
quantities of molecular motion.
Lesson Essential Questions:
What happens to objects at different
temperatures when they interact in the
same system?
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of thermodynamics to
solve for unknown motion quantities of
molecular motion.
Concept:
Latent Heat is the energy required
to change a substance from one
phase of matter to another.
Lesson Essential Questions:
What happens to the temperature
of a substance when it goes
through a change of state?
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 2—
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of thermodynamics
to solve for unknown motion
quantities of molecular motion.
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Unit:
COURSE:
1-Dimensional and 2-Dimensional Kinematics
Days: 30
216 PHYSICS I
Subject(s): Physics I
Grade(s):
11, 12
Key Learning(s):
Instructional Tools:
Objects that move in translational motion are described in terms of
position, velocity, and acceleration.
Vernier Lab Equipment
(LabPro and Photogates)
Projectile Launchers
Unit Essential Question(s):
How can the motion of an object be described and predicted in a
measurable and quantitative way?
Concept:
The position, velocity, and
acceleration of an object can be
measured and quantified (in
magnitude and direction), using
appropriate tools and units, in a
reference frame.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does describing the motion of
an object lead to scientific
prediction?
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of translational
motion to solve for unknown
motion quantities of objects in
translational motion.
Head-to-Tail Graphical
Methods of Vectors
Concept:
Position, velocity and acceleration
are examples of vectors, quantities
relying on both direction and
magnitude that combine with other
velocity and acceleration vectors
according to specific mathematical
rules.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How do vector quantities differ
from scalar quantities?
Concept:
Vectors allow the formulation of Physical
Laws independent of a particular
coordinate system.
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of translational
motion to solve for unknown
motion quantities of objects in
translational motion.
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of translational motion to
solve for unknown motion quantities of
objects in translational motion.
Lesson Essential Questions:
Are the concepts of position (location)
and motion absolute?
Concept:
The motion of a projectile can be
represented and analyzed as two
different motions, a vertical
motion with constant acceleration
and a horizontal motion with
constant speed.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How is two-dimensional motion
broken down into 2 separate 1Dimensional pictures?
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 3—
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of translational
motion to solve for unknown
motion quantities of objects in
translational motion.
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Unit:
COURSE:
Linear Momentum
216 PHYSICS
I
Subject(s): Physics I
Days: 10
Grade(s):
11, 12
Key Learning(s):
The interaction between two objects can be understood using the
concept of Linear momentum.
Instructional Tools:
Unit Essential Question(s):
How can the motion and interaction of objects be described, explained
and predicted using the concept of momentum?
Laptop Computers
Vernier Lab Equipment
(LabPro and Force Sensor)
Ballistic Pendulums
Concept:
Concept:
Concept:
Impulse is the mathematical
product when a Force acts on an
object over a time interval.
Momentum is the vectoral product
of a mass and its velocity.
Lesson Essential Questions:
What happens to an object when a
force that is acting on it is not
instantaneous?
Competencies:
Use graphical representation of
the force versus the time interval.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How is the motion of an object
described using concepts of
vectoral momentum?
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of translational
motion to solve for unknown
motion quantities of objects in
translational motion.
The Law of Conservation of Linear
Momentum states that the total vectoral
momentum in a system must remain
constant throughout the interaction of
any two objects.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How would the Law of Conservation of
Momentum predict the motion and
interaction of two objects?
Competencies:
Use the Law of Conservation of
Momentum to predict the motion of two
objects both before and after their
interaction.
Identify concepts of calculus to
find areas of non-linear functions
on a force versus time graph.
Show that the Impulse-momentum
theorem is a derivation of Newton’s
2nd Law of Motion.
Concept:
When two objects interact, there
are three possible types of
interaction: Elastic, Inelastic
and Perfectly Inelastic
interactions.
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 4—
Lesson Essential Questions:
What are the three possible ways
in which two objects can interact?
Competencies:
Use concepts of momentum and
energy to predict the motion of
two objects both before and after
their interaction.
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
COURSE:
216
Unit:
Newtonian Dynamics
Subject(s):
Physics I
Days:
20
Grade(s):
11, 12
Key Learning(s):
PHYSICS
I
Instructional Tools:
All forces arise from the interactions between different objects.
All changes in translational motion are due to forces.
Vernier Lab Equipment
(LabPro and Rotary Motion
Sensors)
Laptop Computers
Unit Essential Question(s):
Force Diagrams
How can the motion of an object be explained by the forces that interact
with the object?
Concept:
Four fundamental forces of nature
dominate at different scales: the
strong and weak forces acting
within the nucleus opposing protonproton repulsion, the electrical force
dominates in biological and
chemical processes, and
gravitational force dominates at
astronomical scales.
Concept:
Newton’s Laws of Motion
empirically describe the motion of
objects in terms of force
interactions, mass, and
acceleration in a non-accelerating,
non-relativistic reference frame.
Concept:
Inertial mass is a measure of the
resistance of an object to changes in
translation motion (Newton’s First Law of
Motion).
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does explaining the motion of
an object help us predict its
motion?
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does Newton’s dynamic
explanation of motion vary from
previous explanations of motion?
Lesson Essential Questions:
What is the natural state of motion for an
object?
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 5—
Competencies:
Identify and categorize any and all
interactions into one of these four
fundamental categories.
Competencies:
Compare variations in explanative
models of motion such as the
Newtonian model and the
Aristotelian model.
Concept:
Given knowledge of all the forces
acting on an object, its
accelerations can be calculated.
While many forces can act on an
object, those forces can be
represented and analyzed using a
free body diagram.
Concept:
When two surfaces of objects are in
contact with each other, the force
of friction between them depends
on the nature of the materials in
contact and the normal force.
Lesson Essential Questions:
What does a net force do to change
the motion of an object?
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does friction factor into
explaining the motion of an object?
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of translation
motion to solve for unknown
motion quantities of objects in
translational motion.
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of translation
motion to solve for unknown
motion quantities of objects in
translational motion.
Construct a free body diagram
indicating the magnitude and
direction of the forces on an object
and use information from the
diagram to determine the motion of
the object.
Construct a free body diagram
indicating the magnitude and
direction of the forces on an object
and use information from the
diagram to determine the motion of
the object.
Competencies:
Identify the current state of motion of an
object by describing its motion.
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 6—
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Unit:
COURSE:
Rotational Motion and Angular Quantities
Days: 15 days
216
Subject(s):
Physics I
Grade(s):
11, 12
PHYSICS I
Key Learning(s):
Objects that move in rotational motion are described and explained in a
measureable and quantitative way.
Instructional Tools:
Unit Essential Question(s):
How can the motion of a rotating object be described and predicted in a
measurable and quantitative way?
Laptop Computers
Vernier Lab Equipment
(LabPro, Rotational Motion
Sensor, Moment of Inertia Kits)
Concept:
The angular position, angular
velocity, and angular
acceleration of an object can be
measured and quantified (in
magnitude and direction), using
appropriate tools and units, in a
rotating reference frame. A
Radian is an angular quantity
used to describe the angular
position of a rotating object.
Concept:
Torque is when a force acts on an
object causing it to rotate. It is the
mathematical product of the Force
acting on the rotating object and
the distance away from the axis of
rotation that the force is acting
(Lever Arm).
Concept:
Moment of Inertia is the term used to
describe rotational mass. It is the
mathematical product of the mass of the
rotating object and how the mass is
distributed about the axis of rotation.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How is the motion of a rotating
object described and predicted?
Lesson Essential Questions:
What are the physical causes of
rotational motion?
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does the distribution of mass of a
rotating body change its rotational mass?
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 7—
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of rotational
motion to solve for unknown
motion quantities of objects in
rotational motion.
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of rotational motion
to solve for unknown motion
quantities of objects in rotational
motion.
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of rotational motion to
solve for unknown motion quantities of
objects in rotational motion.
Concept:
Newton’s laws of motion explain
the motion of a rotating object in
that Torques cause Moments of
Inertia to angularly accelerate.
Concept:
Rotational Kinetic Energy is a
scalar property of motion that an
object has because it has rotational
mass and angular velocity. If an
object has rotational kinetic energy,
in accordance with the law of
conservation of energy, this
quantity must be conserved as part
of the overall energy of a system.
Objects can have a combination of
translational and rotational kinetic
energies.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How is the concept of Rotational
Kinetic Energy related to the Law of
Conservation of Energy?
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of rotational motion
to solve for unknown motion
quantities of objects in rotational
motion.
Concept:
Angular Momentum is a vectoral
property of motion that an object has
because it has rotational mass and
angular velocity. If there are no Impulses
acting on a rotating object over a time
interval, then the Angular Momentum of
the object must remain constant.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How do Torques mathematically
explain the motion of a rotating
object?
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of rotational
motion to solve for unknown
motion quantities of objects in
rotational motion.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How is the concept of Angular Momentum
related to the Law of Conservation of
Momentum?
Competencies:
Use information from the various
representations of rotational motion to
solve for unknown motion quantities of
objects in rotational motion.
Construct and derive a theoretical
and mathematical procedure to
demonstrate the relationship
between rotational mass and
angular dynamic quantities.
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 8—
EAST PENNSBORO AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
Unit:
COURSE:
Work and Energy
Days: 25
216 PHYSICS I
Subject(s):
Physics I
Grade(s):
11, 12
Key Learning(s):
All motion can be explained using the work & energy model.
Instructional Tools:
Vernier Lab
Equipment (LabPro and
Photogates)
Laptop Computers
Unit Essential Question(s):
How can the motion of an object be described, explained and predicted
using the Work & Energy model?
Concept:
Mechanical Work is the
mathematical product when a force
acts on an object causing it to
move a distance.
Concept:
Kinetic Energy is the property of
an object by virtue of its mass and
its motion. Changes in Kinetic
Energy occur as a result of some
net work being done on an object.
Lesson Essential Questions:
What is the result when a force acts
on an object causing it to move a
distance?
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does identifying the Kinetic
energy of an object describe
something about the motion of the
object?
Ballistic Pendulums
Concept:
Gravitational Potential Energy is the
property of an object by virtue of its mass
and its position relative to some reference
point of zero gravitational potential
energy. Changes in gravitational potential
energy occur when a restoring force
does work on an object.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does identifying the Gravitational
Potential energy of an object describe
something about the position of the
object?
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 9—
Competencies:
Calculate the work done on an
object by all of the forces that are
acting on an object.
Competencies:
Calculate the Kinetic Energy of an
object by understanding its mass
and its velocity.
Calculate the change in the kinetic
energy of an object by determining
the net work that is done on the
object.
Competencies:
Calculate the Gravitational Potential
Energy of an object by understanding its
mass and its position relative to some
reference point.
Calculate the change in the gravitational
potential energy of an object by
determining the work done by gravity on
the object.
Concept:
Elastic Potential Energy is the
property of an object by virtue of
its position relative to some
equilibrium position in an
oscillating system. Changes in
elastic potential energy occur when
the restoring force of the spring
does work on an object.
Concept:
The Law of Conservation of
Mechanical Energy, which states
that the total amount of mechanical
energy in system must remain
constant, is an alternative method
to Newtonian Dynamics for
describing, explaining and
predicting motion. All of the energy
in a system must be accounted for
whether it is transformed into
another type of mechanical energy
or whether it is transformed into
thermal energy by some
dissipative force.
Concept:
Power is the rate at which mechanical
work is done or which mechanical energy
is transformed.
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does identifying the Elastic
Potential energy of an object
describe something about the
position of the object?
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does understanding energy
transformations and mechanical
energy conservation help to
describe, explain and predict the
motion of an object?
Lesson Essential Questions:
How does the rate at which energy is
transformed used to predict the motion of
an object?
Competencies:
Calculate the Elastic Potential
Energy of an object by
understanding the properties of the
spring that is acting on it and its
position relative to some
equilibrium point.
Competencies:
Use conservation of energy to
calculate the kinetic energy and
potential energy of an object at any
time during its motion.
Competencies:
Calculate the power exerted when a
certain amount of work is done or when a
certain amount of energy is transformed.
Calculate the change in the elastic
potential energy of an object by
determining the work done by the
force of the spring on the object.
Board Approval: April 19, 2011
— 10 —