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Energetics Unit Test
Name _________________________________
Part 1: Multiple Choice
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the .one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the Scantron
answer sheet.
1. The function of which of the following organelles directly requires oxygen?
(A) Ribosome
(B) Mitochondrion
(C) Nucleus
(D) Centriole
(E) Golgi apparatus
2. ATP serves as a common energy source for organisms because
(A) it is the smallest energy molecule
(B) it stores the least energy of any energy source
(C) its energy can be easily transferred to do cellular work
(D) it is extremely stable and can be stored in the cell for long periods of time
(E) traces of it have been found in fossils of ancient organisms dating back to the beginning of life
on Earth
3. Which metabolic process is common to both aerobic cellular respiration and alcoholic
fermentation?
(A) Krebs cycle
(B) Glycolysis
(C) Electron transport chain
(D) Conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA
(E) Production of a proton gradient
4. Which of the following directly produces the most ATP per mole of glucose during aerobic
cellular respiration?
(A) Glycolysis
(B) Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
(C) Substrate-level phosphorylation
(D) Kreb's cycle
(E) Alcoholic fermentation
5. All of the following could increase the yield of photosynthetic products EXCEPT
(A) higher concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
(B) increased photorespiration
(C) increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the air spaces of the leaf
(D) increased frequency of stomatal openings
(E) higher sunlight levels
6. All of the following are common to C3 andC4 photosynthesis EXCEPT
(A) Photolysis
(B) Initial step of CO2 fixation
(C) Cyclic photophosphorylation
(D) Noncyclic photophosphorylation
(E) Chemiosmotic phosphorylation
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A + B  AB + energy
7. Which of the following best characterizes the reaction represented above?
(A) Hydrolysis
(B) Catabolism
(C) Oxidation-reduction
(D) Exergonic reaction
(E) Endergonic reaction
8. Carbon dioxide production can be used as a measure of metabolic rate because carbon dioxide is
(A) necessary for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation
(B) necessary to replenish glycogen levels
(C) necessary for fermentation to take place
(D) the end product of the oxidation of glucose
(E) required to break down the ethanol that is produced in muscles
9. An enzyme catalyzes a reaction by:
(A) Supplying the energy to speed up a reaction
(B) Lowering the activation energy of a reaction
(C) Lowering the G of a reaction
(D) Changing the equilibrium of a spontaneous reaction
(E) Increasing the amount of free energy of a reaction
10. During cellular respiration, ATP is formed by all of the following processes except
(A) potassium moving against a concentration gradient
(B) glycolysis in the cytoplasm of the cell
(C) substrate-level phosphorylation in the Kreb’s citric acid cycle
(D) movement of protons through the ATP synthase of the inner membrane of the mitochondria
(E) chemiosmosis and electron transport in the mitochondria
11. Which of the following processes is carried out more efficiently by a C 4 plant than by a C3 plant?
(A) Light absorption
(B) Chemiosmotic coupling
(C) Photorespiration
(D) Keeping CO2 concentration high in the photosynthetic cells
(E) Transport of sugars from the mesophyll cells of the leaf to the roots
12. Which of the following pathways for the transformation of cellular energy most likely evolved
first?
(A) Cyclic photophosphorylation
(B) Citric acid (Krebs) cycle
(C) Calvin cycle
(D) C4 photosynthesis
(E) Glycolysis
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13. Which of the following is an important difference between light-dependent and light-independent
(Calvin Cycle) reactions of photosynthesis?
(A) The light-dependent reactions occur only during the day; the light-independent reactions occur
only during the night.
(B) The light-dependent reactions occur in the cytoplasm; the light-independent reactions occur in
chloroplasts.
(C) The light-dependent reactions utilize CO2 and H2O; the light-independent reactions produce
CO2 and H2O.
(D) The light-dependent reactions depend on the presence of both photosystems I and II; the lightindependent reactions require only photosystem I.
(E) The light-dependent reactions produce ATP and NADPH; the light-independent reactions use
energy stored in ATP and NADPH.
14. Carbohydrate-synthesizing reactions of photosynthesis directly require
(A) light
(B) O2 and H2O
(C) darkness
(D) ATP and NADPH
(E) chlorophyll and CO2
15. Within the cell, many chemical reactions that, by themselves, require energy input (have a positive
free-energy change) can occur because the reactions
(A) may be coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP
(B) take place very slowly
(C) take place when the cells are at unusually high temperatures
(D) are catalyzed by enzymes
(E) are aided by various metal ions that act as catalysts
Directions: Each group of questions. below. consists of five lettered headings followed by a list of
numbered phrases or sentences. For each numbered phrase or sentence, select the one heading to which it is
most closely related and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Each heading may be used
once, more than once, or not at all in each group.
Questions 16-19 refer to molecules of the following substances.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ATP
NAPA
NADH
NADP+
Oxygen (O2)
16. An intermediate electron acceptor for oxidations that occur in both glycolysis and in Krebs cycle
reactions (C)
17. The reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (C)
18. The "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer (A)
19. The final electron acceptor for cellular respiration (E)
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Questions 20-23
Refer to the following graph. The solid curve and the dashed curve represent alternate pathways for the
same reaction. One pathway is enzyme catalyzed.
20. Represents G of the reaction [D]
21. Represents the activation energy of the enzyme catalyzed reaction [B]
22. Represents the energy state of the reactants of the enzyme-catalyzed pathway [A]
23. Represents the energy state of the products of the pathway that is not enzyme-catalyzed [E]
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Questions 24-25 refer to the diagrams of organic molecules below.
24. This molecule is used to transport oxygen [A]
25. Produced by fermentation [C]
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Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding space on the Scantron
answer sheet.
26. An animal that takes in some of the oxygen it needs through its outer epithelium in addition to its
lungs is most likely which of the following?
(A) a fish
(B) an earthworm
(C) a mamma1
(D) an insect
(E) a frog
27. Which of the following physiological effects would likely occur first in a volunteer who was
breathing air from which the CO2 was removed?
(A) Decreased blood pH
(B) Decreased respiratory rate
(C) Increased respiratory rate
(D) Increased pulse rate
(E) Increased blood pressure
28. Digestion and absorption of food molecules is the function of which of the following structures?
(A) Aorta
(B) Small intestine
(C) Nephron tubule
(D) Capillary
(E) Alveolus
29. In mammals, a decrease in body temperature results in which of the following responses?
(A) Release of thyroxine decreases the rate of metabolism.
(B) Blood vessels close to the surface of the skin dilate.
(C) Increased secretion of epinephrine restricts the amount of sugar released into the circulatory
system.
(D) The adrenal glands increase the release of acetylcholine into the circulatory system.
(E) Sphincter muscles around capillaries in the skin contract so that heat is conserved.
30. Gas exchange in all living organisms requires
(A) gills
(B) lungs
(C) tracheoles
(D) moist membranes
(E) blood
31. Which of the following results as a consequence of the presence of fats in the small intestine?
(A) The liver produces insulin.
(B) The pancreas produces glucogon.
(C) The stomach produces pepsin.
(D) The intestinal lining produces the hormone secretin.
(E) The gall bladder releases bile.
32. Which of the following is LEAST involved in respiratory gas exchange in the frog?
(A) Lining of the mouth
(B) Lungs
(C) Skin
(D) Large intestine
(E) Blood
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33. From the graph above, it can be correctly concluded that
(A) hemoglobin has an affinity for oxygen that varies with the carbon dioxide concentration
(B) hemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen at lower partial pressures than does myoglobin
(C) hemoglobin becomes saturated with oxygen at lower partial pressures than does myoglobin
(D) myoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen at lower partial pressures than does hemoglobin
(E) hemoglobin and myoglobin regulate the partial pressures of oxygen in the blood
34. All of the following affect the amount of oxygen carried by the blood EXCEPT
(A) the pH of the blood
(B) the percentage of carbon dioxide in the plasma
(C) the percentage of oxygen in the air
(D) a decrease in the number of red blood cells in the plasma
(E) a decrease in the number of white blood cells in the plasma
35. When a person exercises strenuously, all of the following occur EXCEPT:
(A) Glucose decreases.
(B) ADP increases.
(C) Lactic acid increases.
(D) Glycogen increases.
(E) CO2 increases.
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Directions: The group of questions below consists of five lettered headings followed by a list of numbered
phrases or sentences. For each numbered phrase or sentence, select the one heading to which it is most
closely related and fill in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. Each heading may be used once,
more than once, or not at all.
Questions 36-39
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Amylase
Pepsin
Lipase
Bile salts
Trypsin
36. Produced by the salivary glands and the pancreas A
37. Produced in the stomach B
38. Emulsifies fats D
39. Hydrolyzes proteins when the pH is acidic B
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Use the following table to help answer questions 40-42
Body Length
Intestinal
Length
Intestinal
Features
Components
of Digestive
Tract Present
Percentage of
Ingested Nutrients
Remaining in Feces
1 Carnivore
0.01 m
0.01 m
Extensive
branching
Mouth, pharynx,
intestine
30% of ingested
nutrients remaining
2 Carnivore
0.10 m
0.13m
Villi and
folds in wall
Mouth, esophagus,
15% of ingested
stomach, intestine,
nutrients remaining
accessory organs, anus
3 Omnivore
1.83 m
5.62 m
Villi and
folds in wall
Mouth, esophagus,
11% of ingested
stomach, intestine,
nutrients remaining
accessory organs, anus
4 Herbivore
2.59 m
7.92 m
Villi and
folds in wall
Mouth, esophagus,
4% of ingested
stomach, intestine,
nutrients remaining
accessory organs, anus
5 Herbivore
1.98 m
21.33 m
Villi and
folds in wall
Mouth, esophagus,
10% of ingested
stomach, intestine,
nutrients remaining
accessory organs, anus
Mode of
Nutrition
40. Which of the following can be correctly concluded about the relationship between intestinal
length and body size for the organisms in the table?
(A) Carnivores have shorter intestinal length relative to body size than do herbivores.
(B) Herbivores have shorter intestinal length relative to body size than do carnivores.
(C) Omnivores have greater intestinal length relative to body size than do either carnivores or
herbivores.
(D) The smaller the intestinal length relative to body size, the more nutrients are absorbed.
(E) No relationship exists between intestinal length and mode of nutrition.
41. Which of the animals is most likely to have, living in specialized areas of its digestive tract,
abundant symbiotic bacteria that break down foods that the animal normally could not digest on
its own?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
42. Which animal has a gastrovascular cavity?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
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Use the following information to help answer questions 43-44
Frogs of three different species are weighed and the amount of oxygen consumed by each species is
determined by placing them in a respirometer for 1 hour. The results of this experiment are listed below.
Species
Average
Weight in Grams
Total Cubic Centimeters of Oxygen
Consumed in 1 Hour
1
2
3
15
11
21
0.55
0.55
1.05
43.
From the information in the table, it is most reasonable to conclude that
(A) since all frogs respire through their skin, smaller frogs with smaller surface areas will consume
less oxygen per gram of body weight than larger frogs with larger surface areas
(B) frogs placed in a warm environment will respire more rapidly than frogs placed in a colder
environment
(C) each species of frog has its own unique rate of respiration
(D) the amount of oxygen consumed per gram of body weight for each species is the same
(E) the amount of oxygen consumed per gram of body weight by the largest frog is almost twice
that by the smallest frog
44.
If each frog doubles its rate of oxygen consumption in 1 hour after an injection of thyroxine, it would
be most reasonable to conclude that thyroxine
(A) acts as a general stimulus to respiratory metabolism
(B) stimulates the release of hormone from the pituitary
(C) doubles the amount of hormone released by the thyroid gland in each species
(D) doubles the rate of breathing by doubling the rate of contraction of the diaphragm muscle
(E) increases the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane to oxygen
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Questions 45-46 refer to the diagrams below that show the volume of fluid lost (stippled area) or gained
(cross-hatched area) from the blood as it flows through the capillary from arteriole to venule. The
horizontal line represents blood osmotic pressure. Normal blood osmotic pressure measures 25 millimeters
of mercury.
45. Which of the diagrams represents the condition, in which the amount of fluid lost from capillaries
due to blood pressure is greater than the amount of fluid gained by capillaries due to osmotic
pressure?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
46. Which of the diagrams best represents excessively high blood pressure caused by changes in blood
osmotic pressure?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
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Questions 47-49
In order to spawn, salmon swim hundreds of miles upstream without food. Experiments have been
conducted to clarify how this feat is accomplished. The following graph represents the results obtained in
studying the effect of the water temperature on the energy expended by the salmon swimming at various
speeds. Curves represent conditions ranging from rest (bottom curve) to top sustained speed (top curve).
47.
A 2-kilogram salmon swimming at top speed at l0°C uses, in an hour, about
(A) 35 cal.
(B) 100 cal.
(C) 140 cal.
(D) as many calories as a 2-lb. salmon
(E) twice as many calories as a 4-kg. salmon
48.
Salmon resting at l0°C show an energy consumption
(A) more than that of fish swimming slowly at 5°C
(B) about the same as that of salmon swimming slowly at 10°C
(C) about one-third that of salmon swimming at top speed at l0°C
(D) about the same as that of salmon resting at 5°C
(E) about one-fifth that of salmon resting at 20°C
49.
The greatest change in energy consumption for each degree of temperature is shown by
(A) resting salmon between 15°C and 200C
(B) resting salmon between 5°C and 15°C
(C) fastest swimming salmon between 15°C and 25°C
(D) fastest swimming salmon between 0°C and 5°C
(E) fastest swimming salmon between 10°C and l5°C
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50. Tracheal systems for gas exchange are found in which of the following animals
(A) Insect
(B) Earthworm
(C) Jellyfish
(D) Shark
(E) Coral
51. Consider the following, succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to
fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid which resembles succinatr but cannot be
acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. Increasing the ratio of succinate to malonic acid reduces
the inhibitory effect of malonic acid. Which of the following is correct.
(A) Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, fumarate is the substrate
(B) Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, malonic acid is the substrate
(C) Succinate is the substrate, fumarate is the product
(D) Fumarate is the product, and malonic acid is a noncompetitive inhibitor
(E)
Malonic acid is the product, and fumarate is a competitive inhibitor
Use the following information to help answer questions 52-53
A scientist determined the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by measuring the amount of product
formed over time. The following curve was generated from the data collected.
52. Based solely on the curve, what can be said concerning the calculated reaction rates at 1 minute and at
5 minutes?
(A) The rate at 1 minute and the rate at 5 minutes are both 0.
(B) The rate after 5 minutes is the same as the rate after 1 minute.
(C) The rates are affected by high concentrations of inhibitors.
(D) The rate of production of product has stabilized at 5 minutes.
(E) The greater the rate, the faster the enzyme is denatured.
53. The rate of the reaction could also be determined by
(A) measuring the change in the amount of enzyme
(B) measuring the change in the amount of substrate
(C) measuring the change in salt concentration
(D) adding more substrate
(E) adding more enzyme
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54. Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down larger molecules into
smaller molecules is
(A) catalysis
(B) metabolism
(C) anabolism
(D) dehydration
(E) catabolism
55. The mathematical expression for the change in free energy in a system is G = H - TS. Which of
the following is incorrect?
(A) S is the change in entropy, a measure of randomness
(B) H is the change in enthalpy, the energy available to do work
(C) G is the change in free energy
(D) T is the absolute temperature
(E) Both A and B are incorrect
56. Which of the following statements about gills operating in water is false
(A) Water can support the delicate gill structures
(B) Most fish actively pump water over their gills
(C) Keeping membranes moist is no problem
(D) Water carries more oxygen than air, and therefore gills need to be more efficient than lungs
(E) Gills have evolved many times in aquatic animals
57. The blood level of which gas is most important in controlling the human respiratory rate
(A) nitric acid
(B) nitrogen
(C) oxygen
(D) carbon dioxide
(E) carbon monoxide
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