Download 8th-Grade-English-Final-Review-2014

8th Grade English Final Review
NOUNS
Part I: Person, Number, and Gender
A. Number denotes whether the noun is
or
i. Underline each singular noun once and each plural noun twice.
1. The wind blew so hard that the waves on the lake were too big for many boats.
2. This river allows ships to deliver cargos from other countries to northern states.
ii. Write the plural form of each noun.
1. journey _______________
2. father-in-law _______________
3. woman ________________
iii. Write whether each noun is singular, plural, or used as both.
1. hooves _________________
2. ranch _________________
3. moose _________________
B. Gender
i. The four types of gender are:
,
,
, __________
1. Examples:
ii. Person: First person denotes the
1. Example:
iii. Second person denotes the
1. Example:
iv. Third person denotes the
1. Example:
Part II: Subject and Subject Complement
C. Subject is
D. Subjective Complement is
i. Underline each subject and circle each subject complement.
1. The president remains an inspiration to many people.
2. At freezing temperature water becomes ice.
3. Football is one sport played after school.
Part III: Direct Object, Indirect Object, Object Complement and Object of Preposition
E. A
Object is the receiver of the action. Answers the questions “whom” or
F. An Indirect Object is another receiver in the sentence. Answers the questions
G. An Object
follows the direct object and
H. A preposition is a word that relates a
or a
and “for whom”
.
to another word in a sentence.
i. Write whether each underlined noun is a direct object (DO), an indirect object (IO), an object complement
(OC) or an object of a preposition (OP).
1. Powerboats use fuel in their engines. ___________
2. I gave my sister a gold bracelet for her birthday. __________
3. Our class watched a film about global warning. ___________
4. Coach Sylvester named Quinn captain of the team.
Part IV: Appositives and Appositive Phrases
I.
An appositive is a word (or words) that follows a noun and J.
An appositive names the same person, place, thing, or idea as K. An appositive phrase is an appositive and L. An appositive is restrictive if it is M. It is nonrestrictive if it is not . A nonrestrictive appositive is set off by i. Underline each appositive or appositive phrase. Write whether it is restrictive (R) or nonrestrictive (NR).
1. Her birthplace, Oahu, is a nice place for a vacation.
2. The mythical river Styx formed a boundary between Earth and Hades.
3. Pierce wrote the book Arrows about the history of archery.
Part V: Possessive Case
N. Possessive case shows
O. Nouns in the singular possessive form: Write the singular noun and add
P. Nouns in the plural possessive form: Write the plural form. If it ends in “s”, add
Q. Write the plural form. If it does not end in “s”, add
i. Write the singular and plural possessive forms of each noun.
1. leaf
_________________________ __________________________
2. human _________________________
__________________________
3. address _________________________ __________________________
ii. Write the singular possessive or plural possessive form of each noun in parentheses.
1. One (student) notebook remained on the table. ________________________
2. Do you know the location of (Mr. Davis) house? ________________________
3. Several (child) bikes rested on the lawn.
________________________
iii. Circle whether each noun shows separate possession (S) or joint possession (J).
1. Finally, Eva and Amy’s room is clean.
S
J
2. Could you please fill the dog’s and the cat’s water dishes?
S
J
3. My brother’s and sister’s children are about the same age?
S
J
PRONOUNS
Part I: Person, Number, and Gender
A. Person
i. First Person: I, we / me, us
ii. Second Person: you, you / you, you
iii. Third Person: he, she, it, they / him, her, it, them
B. Number
i. Singular: I, you, he, she, it / me, you, him, her, it
ii. Plural: we, you, they / us, you, them
C. Gender
i. Used only with 3rd person, singular
ii. Feminine: she / her
iii. Masculine: he / him
iv. Neuter: it
v. Write the person, number, and if appropriate, gender of each pronoun
1. her
2. us
3. them
4. he
5.
6.
7.
8.
you
it
me
they
Part II: Subject Pronouns
D. Subject and Subject Complement: I, you, ____, ____, ____, we, ____, _____
i. Circle each pronoun and write its person and number.
1. I would choose this book as a favorite.
2. This summer we will be visiting the cabin in Wisconsin.
3. She is graduating this year as the top student in the class.
ii. Circle the correct pronoun to complete each sentence.
1. Justin and (I me) played in the same league.
2. The people headed to the ice rink are (them they)
Part III: Object Pronouns
E. Direct Object, Indirect Object, Object of Preposition
i. Write the pronoun to replace the underlined part of each sentence.
1. Sam offered to give my sister a ride.
2. Ralph took the computer in to the shop to be repaired.
ii. Underline each object pronoun and circle whether it is a direct object (DO), indirect object (IO), or an object of
preposition (OP).
1. The book about mechanics was written by him.
DO
IO
OP
2. Mrs. Chu gave us a few extra minutes on the test.
DO
IO
OP
3. We saw it as a great way to enjoy the day.
DO
IO
OP
Part IV: Pronouns After Than or As
F. Use of subject pronoun or object pronoun depending on the meaning of the sentence.
i. Luke throws the ball farther than I (throw the ball).
ii. Luke throws the ball farther than (Luke throws) me.
iii. Circle the correct pronoun to complete each sentence.
1. We can run bases as quickly as (them they).
2. Someday I hope to play guitar as well as (he him).
3. Myra has saved as much money as (we us) for the upcoming vacation.
4. The poor directions confused me more than (she her).
Part V: Possessive Case
G. A possessive pronoun takes the place of a noun that shows possession or ownership: mine, yours, his, hers, _____,
ours, ______, ______
H. A possessive adjective shows direct ownership but has an antecedent:
, your,
, her, its, our, your,
,
i. Underline each possessive pronoun. Circle each possessive adjective. (Not all sentences have both, but
some have multiple answers.)
1. The old boat on the dock is mine.
2. Her violin was once owned by a famous musician.
3. Your hiking shoes are much newer than hers.
Part VI: Compound Personal Pronouns
I. A personal pronoun combined with the suffix –self or –selves
J. _________, yourself, _________, herself, itself, _________, yourselves, __________
K. Intensive: Used to emphasize a preceding noun or pronoun
L. Reflexive: Used as an object referring to the same person, place, or thing as the subject
i. Underline each intensive or reflexive pronoun and circle its antecedent
1. Rita herself was fascinated by many animals.
2. We got ourselves some high-powered binoculars.
3. Trevor and Ray set themselves up for an evening of bird-watching.
ii. Underline each intensive or reflexive pronoun. Then write whether the pronouns is intensive (I) or reflexive
(R).
1. The cat itself is the star of a commercial.
2. The students must prepare themselves for the upcoming quiz.
3. I can lift this box myself.
Part VII: Interrogative and Demonstrative Pronouns
M. Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions: who,
, which,
N. Demonstrative pronouns point out or show something
i. this, that, these, those
ii. this and these: near
iii. that and those: _____
iv. Underline each interrogative pronoun and circle each demonstrative pronoun.
1. This is my pencil.
2. Who is your favorite teacher?
3. Which of these is mine?
v. Use the directions in parentheses to complete each sentence with the correct demonstrative pronoun.
1.
is my coin purse. (near)
2.
is the person you were looking for. (far)
3. The chef will need several of
for the recipe. (near)
Part VIII: Relative Pronouns
O. A relative clause connects an
to the noun it
P. The relative pronouns are:
,
,
,
i. Underline each relative pronoun and circle its antecedent.
1. The squirrel that found the seeds was fortunate.
2. Any person who completes the hike receives a T-shirt and an award.
3. The reference book that I found provides interesting facts about reptiles.
.
,
Part IX: Indefinite Pronouns
Q. An indefinite pronoun refers to
or
of a group of people, places, or things.
R. Examples: another, anybody, anything, each, everything, much,
,
,
i. Underline each indefinite pronoun.
1. Most require a ticket.
2. My parents just think he needs something to do.
3. Has anyone looked in the closet for the missing shoe?
4. Mr. Moir’s knowledge of baseball was revered by many.
ii. Underline each indefinite pronoun. Circle the verb that correctly completes each sentence.
1. Several (was were) in line to buy movie tickets.
2. Nobody (wants want) to eat the leftover meatloaf.
3. Carrie and Mara are cousins, and both (is are) coming to visit.
ADJECTIVES
Part I: Descriptive Adjectives
A. Describes or _________ a noun or pronoun
i. Underline all of the descriptive adjectives in each of the following sentences and circle the noun each modifies.
1. The bicycle made Charlie very happy.
2. A gusty wind overpowered the captain of the luxurious yacht.
3. That red cabin was musty after the long winter.
Part II: Demonstrative, Interrogative, and Indefinite Adjectives
B. See pronouns for specifics about what these are. In this section, they are simply used as adjectives to modify nouns.
i. Write whether each underlined adjective is demonstrative, interrogative, or indefinite.
1. Which camera may I take on the field trip?
2. Most fragrant flowers remind me of my childhood.
3. The rules state that there are several ways to win a prize.
4. Which of these shoes do you like the best?
Part III: Comparing Adjectives
C. Three degrees: positive, comparative, and superlative (tall, taller, tallest or famous, more famous, most famous)
i. Write the comparative and superlative forms of each adjective.
1. sad
2. sunny
3. good
ii. Write the comparative or superlative form of each word in parentheses.
1. Steve’s large dog is
than any kid on the block. (fast)
2. Marcia planted the ferns in the
part of the yard. (shady)
3. The rock wall climb was the
task I’ve ever completed. (difficult)
Part IV: Fewer and Less
D. Few, fewer, and fewest are used to compare concrete nouns. (Usually can be counted.)
E. Little, less, and least are used to compare abstract nouns.
i. Circle the adjective that correctly completes each sentence.
1. Older computers have (fewer less) memory than new ones have.
2. Tamara had just a (few little) coins in her pocket.
3. In my family I have the (fewest least) musical talent.
4. Which state do you think has the (fewest least) residents?
Part V: Adjective Phrases
F. A prepositional phrase used to modify/describe a noun is called an adjective phrase.
i. Underline each adjective phrase and circle the noun it modifies. Some sentences may have more than one.
1. The temperature in the city was very cold.
2. Our trip to Europe will be the first time that I use my new passport.
3. My plans for the summer include a trip to Vermont.
Part VI: Adjective Clauses
G. A dependent clause that describes a noun or a pronoun. They usually begin with a relative pronoun (who, whom,
whose, which, that) or a subordinate conjunction (when, where).
H. A restrictive adjective clause is necessary to the meaning of the sentence.
I. A nonrestrictive adjective clause is not necessary to the meaning of the sentence. Often set off by commas.
i. Underline the adjective clauses. Circle whether each clause is restrictive (R) or nonrestrictive (NR).
1. John Coltrane, who plays saxophone, is a well-known jazz musician.
R
NR
2. The final game, which is for the championship title, lasted for hours.
R
NR
3. The bicycle that I just purchased yesterday has dual shocks.
R
NR
VERBS
Part I: Principal Parts of Verbs
A. Four basic parts:
, present participle,
, and past participle
B. The past and past participle of a regular verb ends in –d or –ed; Irregular verbs change spelling in these forms
C. The present participle is formed by adding –ing
i. Complete the chart below by demonstrating your knowledge of the principal parts of verbs.
Present
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
1. Walk
2. Grow
3. Break
Part II: Action and Linking Verbs
D. Action verbs tell what the subject does
i. Identify the action verb in the following sentences:
1. We will perform in the Spring Musical.
2. I enjoyed all of the performances.
E. Linking Verbs
i. Am, is, are, was, were, being, be, and been
ii. Identify the linking verbs in the following sentences:
1. Tyler was happy.
2. Juan is an excellent baseball player
Part III: Transitive vs. Intransitive
F. Transitive verbs have a direct object. The action moves from the doer to the receiver.
G. Intransitive verbs do not have a direct object.
i. Identify whether the following verbs are transitive or intransitive:
1. Maria finished her report this afternoon.
2. The children played tag at recess.
3. We practiced at the park for three hours.
Part IV: Verb Phrases
H. Contain a
I.
and an
Common auxiliary verbs are: the forms of be, have, and did. Other auxiliary verbs are: can, could, may, might,
should, and will.
i. Identify the verb phrase in the following sentences. Underline the auxiliary verb once and the main verb
twice.
1. His letters are often written in orange ink.
2. Should I bake cookies for the school sale?
3. Fred can never remember is home telephone number.
4. We might visit our relatives in Arizona this summer.
SENTENCES
A.
B.
C.
D.
Simple Sentence
Compound Sentence
Complex Sentence
Punctuation
i. End Punctuation
ii. Commas
iii. Colons
iv. Semicolons
v. Apostrophes
vi. Quotation Marks
E. Confusing Words
VOCABULARY
Accelerate
Accumulate
Adamant
Affluent
Agile
Alleviate
Allude
Aloof
Aspire
Assent
Assuage
Avid
Candor
Clamor
Coddle
Colloquial
Confide
Confident
Console
Credible
Defy
Devout
Divert
Divulge
Docile
Dormant
Edible
Egress
Emerge
Encounter
Frugal
Gorge
Gullible
Heinous
Humble
Inane
Infamous
Initiate
Jubilant
Lax
Lethargy
Lucid
Malevolent
Mimic
Monotonous
Mundane
Nomadic
Notorious
Ostracize
Pariah
Permit
Pursue
Peruse
Philanthropist
Placid
Plaintive
Plethora
Ponder
Precocious
Pugnacious
Punctual
Rouse
Sagacious
Sallow
Sarcasm
Serendipity
Stealthy
Subtle
Succumb
Timid
Transform
Upheaval
Verbose
Vex
Wan