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Download Team 1:The Outer Planets and Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors
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Team 1:The Outer Planets and Comets, By: Greg, Alex, Brittany, Freddy and Cameran The four outer planets-Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune-are much larger and more massive than Earth, and they don’t have solid surfaces. Outer planets called gas giants Each giant is surrounded by a set of rings-a thin disk of small particles and ice and rock Jupiter Jupiter is the largest and most massive planet Has a thick atmosphere made up of mainly hydrogen and helium Has a great red spot that is made up of a storm that is larger than Earth and it is similar to a hurricane It has a dense core of rock and iron at its center It has over 63 moons and four large ones called Callisto, Io, Europa, Ganymede Saturn Saturn is the second largest planet in our universe It has a thick atmosphere made up of mainly hydrogen and helium Its atmosphere also contains clouds and storms Saturn has many rings that are made up of chunks of ice and rocks Its largest moon is called Titan and it is larger than the planet Mercury Uranus Uranus is a gas giant and is four times larger than Earth It is much smaller than Jupiter and Saturn Uranus has a blue/greenish color because of trace of methane in its atmosphere Its surrounded by a group of thin, round rings like Saturn only much less Its axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of 90 degrees Neptune Neptune is a cold, blue planet and its atmosphere contains visible clouds Scientists think that Neptune is slowly shrinking causing its core to heat up It has at least 13 moons going around it Its largest moon is called Triton which has its own thin atmosphere Pluto Pluto has a solid surface and is much smaller and denser than the other outer planets It is smaller than Earth’s moon and is probably made of rocks and ice It is so far from the Sun it revolves around it about every 258 Earth years Until recently Pluto was considered the 9th planet in our solar system Now it is considered a dwarf planet Comets Comets are loose collections of ice, dust and small rocky particles Its orbits are usually very long, narrow ellipses Most comets originate from one of two distant regions of the solar system They come from the Kuiper Belt of the Oort cloud As a comet approaches the sun, it heats up and some of the gas and dust streams outward forming a tail By: Jake Maino Ben Cummings Tru Wells Reanna Iunker Jonah McNamara Inner planets Earth and Venus Earth: Earth is unique in our solar system in having liquid water at its surface. Earth is 70% water. Atmosphere: extends more than 100 kilometers above the surfaces. About 20% is oxygen and nearly all the rest is nitrogen with small amounts of other gases such as argon and carbon dioxide. Venus: Venus takes about 7.5 Earth months to revolve around the sun and takes 8 months to rotate on its axis. Atmosphere: Its atmosphere is so thick that it is always cloudy. Mercury and Mars Mercury: Smallest terrestrial planet and closest to the sun. Mercury has almost no atmosphere. Its high temperature causes gas particles to move very fast. Mars: Mars’s atmosphere is more than 95% carbon dioxide. Scientists think that a large amount of liquid water flowed on Mars’s surface in the past. Because it is tilted on its axis it has seasons just like Earth. Asteroids Asteroids are rocky objects that mostly revolve around the sun in fairly circular orbits between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. This region of the solar system is called the asteroid belt. There are more than 100,000 asteroids discovered in the asteroid belt. Some asteroids are so big they are considered dwarf planets. Andy Eppright Alyssa Cheshire Bev Lincoln Tristan Collins • A Satellite is an object that revolves around another object in space. • The moon is a natural satellite of Earth. • A Spacecraft orbiting Earth is an artificial satellite. • The first artificial satellite was named the Sputnik, its success caused great alarm to the United States. • When a Meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere, friction with the air creates heat and produces a streak of light in the sky , this is known as a Meteor. • If the meteoroid is large enough, it may not disintegrate completely. • If not completely disintegrated, it can pass through Earth’s atmosphere. • A meteoroid that passes through the atmosphere and hits Earth’s surface. • The crater in Arizona was created by a meteorite. • • • • • A Meteoroid is a chunk of rock or dust in space. Meteoroids come from comets or asteroids. Some form when asteroids collide in space. Others form when a comet breaks up and creates a cloud of dust that continues to move through the solar system. • When Earth passes through one of there dust clouds, bits of dust enter Earth’s atmosphere. • The creators on the moon were formed by meteoroids. Devon Lum Gaimo Johnson Yareyci Rivera Katherine Gomez Joe Hamilton After a large star runs out of fuel, it implodes causing a super nova. The gravity mass is so strong that the gas is pulled inward, creating a black hole. No light, radio waves, or any other form of radiation can ever get out of a black hole, so it is not possible to detect a black hole directly. You can detect them indirectly. Black holes can be millions or even billions times bigger than the sun’s initial mass. It is matter that does not give off electromagnetic radiation. Dark matter cannot be seen directly. But, its presence can be inferred by observing the effect of its gravity on visible objects, such as stars, or on light. Astronomers are still trying to find out what the Dark Matter is made out of. Dark energy is a mysterious force that is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate. Current estimates indicate that most of the universe is made of dark energy and dark matter. Less than 5% of the universe is made up of normal matter. Black Holes Dark Matter Dark Energy Black Holes, Dark Matter and Dark Energy Makers of Slide Show Devon Lum Gaimo Johnson Researchers Joe Hamilton Yareyci Rivera Katherine Gomez Mr. Cossey Period 1 Thanks for reading and stuff Team #5 Space Exploration(History and Future) and Telescopes. By: Michael Gray Trent Abbott Alexia Maganda Preet Oza Kristina Ybarra History of Space • • • • A satellite is an object that revolves around another object in space. In late 1958, the United States established a government agency in charge of its space program called the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA). On July 20,1969 Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon. The astronauts collected nearly 400 kilograms of lunar samples, commonly called moon rocks. The Future of Space In 2004, the U.S announced a plan to establish a permanent colony of people on the moon. Nasa used space shuttles to perform many important tasks. These included taking satellites into orbit, repairing damaged satellites , and carrying astronauts and equipment to and from the space station. Telescopes All the colors you see in a telescope is called visible light. It one of many types of electromagnetic radiation. Telescopes are instruments that collect and focus light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation. The two major telescopes are refracting telescopes and reflecting telescopes. The Sun Bailey Vaskov, David Zamora, Kelly Doherty, Emily Threlkel The Sun’s Energy • The sun accounts for 99.8 percent of the solar systems total mass. • The sun is a huge ball of ionized gas, or plasma, thought. • About three quarters of the suns mass is hydrogen. • About one quarter of the suns mass is helium. Nuclear Fusion • The sun produces energy through nuclear fusion. • In nuclear fusion two atomic nuclei combine, forming a larger. More massive nucleus and releasing energy. • Within the sun, hydrogen atoms join together to form helium. The Sun’s Interior • The sun’s interior consists of the core, the radiation zone, and the convection zone. • The core is where the suns energy is produced. • The radiation Zone is region of very tightly packed gas where energy is transferred mainly in the form of electromagnetic radiation. • The convection zone is the outer-most layer of the sun’s interior. The Sun’s Atmosphere • The inner layer of the sun’s atmosphere is called the photosphere. • The sun does not have a solid surface. • There are dark spots on the sun called sunspots. • Sunspots are areas where the sun is cooler. • The sun’s interior is about 1.4 million kilometers. • Sun spots usually occur in huge, reddish loops of gas called prominences. The Formation of the Solar System Bailey Vaskov, David Zamora, Dayton Wallace, Kelly Dohetty, Emily Threlkel The Solar Nebula About five billion years ago, a giant cloud of gas and dust collapsed to form a solar nebula • Gravity began to pull solar nebula together, as the solar nebula shrank and spun faster and faster. The solar nebula flattened, forming a rotating disk. Gravity pulled most of the gas into the center of the disk where the gas eventually became hot and dense enough where nuclear fusion to begin. Planetesimals • Planetesimals formed the building blocks of the planets, the planets grew larger. The Planets • When the Solar System formed the temperature was very high. • Most gasses escaped the gravity of the planets, that were forming in this region, as a result the inner planets are relatively small and rocky. • The planets farther from the sun are much colder. As these planets in this region grew, their gravity increased and they were able to capture much of the hydrogen and helium in space. Evidence • The composition of the inner and outer planets provides strong evidence for a solar nebula theory. • Other evidence includes the position of the sun at the center of the solar system.