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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by four
suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case.
This exam is timed. You have 180 minutes (3 hours) to complete this exam!
1. An important difference between the cognitive-developmental theories of Piaget and Vygotsky
is that Vygotsky placed greater emphasis on which of the following?
A) The causal role of social factors
B) the casual role of maturational factors
C) infant development
D) Development during early adolescence
2. Which developmental domain is involved with acquiring problem solving skills and learning new
information?
A) cognitive
B) personality
C) physical
D) cultural
3. A longitudinal study does which of the following:
A) studies different people over time
B) studies time intervals
C) studies people who live far away
D) studies the same people over time
4. Which of the following theorist created the ecological model of human development?
A) Freud
B) Vygotsky
C) Bronfenbrenner
D) Darwin
5. According to Jean Piaget, cognitive development begins with which of the following:
A) preoperational thought
B) concrete operations
C) sensorimotor activities
D) formal operations
6. Which of the following theorists did NOT develop a “stage” theory:
A) Freud
B) Piaget
C) Skinner
D) Erikson
7. Time out is a disciplinary technique that is based on the principles of:
A) operant conditioning
B) classical conditioning
C) observational learning
D) habituation
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
8. The Zone of Proximal development was developed by:
A) Piaget
B) Vygotsky
C) Skinner
D) Thorndike
9. A cross sectional design does which of the following:
A) one half of the sample is compared with the other half
B) the design does not study age of participants
C) two groupings of the same age are studied
D) one age sample is compared with one or more samples from another age
10. Which of the following approaches is used by a psychologist who emphasizes the power of
rewards and punishments to influence behavior?
A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) humanistic
D) psychoanalytic
11. A researcher wants to know whether failure at a task causes aggression. As a part of the study,
some of subjects are told they have failed at a task, whereas others are told they succeeded.
Failing or not failing at the task would be:
A) a placebo
B) the independent variable
C) a within-subjects manipulation
D) the dependent variable
12. A researcher studies language development by collecting data from a specific group of infants
starting when they are six months old and continuing at six-month intervals for the next five years.
This is an example of which developmental research design?
A) cross-sectional
B) experimental
C) longitudinal
D) sequential
13. Negative reinforcement is exemplified by which of the following:
A) getting money for good behavior
B) getting money for bad behavior
C) losing a toy for a bad behavior
D) child avoiding punishment when it lies about its behavior
14. Which type of conditioning involves the use of 2 stimuli to evoke 1 response?
A) operant
B) classical
C) observational
D) law of effect
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
15. After each of Joyce’s last three meals at the school cafeteria, she vomited. Before the fourth meal,
Joyce began to feel nauseated as soon as she saw the cafeteria door. In terms of classical
conditioning, what is the conditioned stimulus?
A) the cafeteria food
B) the cafeteria door
C) nausea
D) vomiting
16. Which of the following is an abnormality accompanied by mental retardation and marked by the
presence of an extra twenty-first chromosome?
A) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
B) Korsakoff’s syndrome
C) Turner’s syndrome
D) Down syndrome
17. Which is the characteristic common to individuals with Turner and Klinefelter syndromes?
A) Premature death
B) Sterility
C) Severe mental retardation
D) Elevated levels of aggression
18. The set of traits an individual inherits is referred to as the:
A) karyotype
B) phenotype
C) genotype
D) zygote
19. Which of the following disorders is caused by the absence of a chromosome?
A) Down syndrome
B) Klinefelter syndrome
C) Huntington disease
D) Turner syndrome
20. Joe is normal male. His sex chromosomes are
A) YY
B) XX
C) XY
D) XXY
21. Which aspect is central in the Lamaze method of childbirth?
A) childbirth occurs at home, rather than in a hospital
B) anesthetics and cesarean sections are not used
C) the mother learns breathing and other exercises to help manage labor pains
D) the mother and infant are submerged in a warm bath
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22. Jenny has brown eyes. Her eye color is an example of Jenny’s __________?
A) genotype
B) phenotype
C) carrier
D) genes
23. Linda became pregnant one week ago when her husband’s sperm cell fertilized her egg cell. The
correct term for the now fertilized egg cell that will eventually become their baby is:
A) embryo
B) ovum
C) fetus
D) zygote
24. A couple has been informed that their newborn daughter has stubby fingers and a “webbed” neck.
The parents are told that, in the future, their child may have difficulty with spatial and
mathematical reasoning, be shorter than average, and probably will not be able to have children.
These characteristics are typical of which sex chromosome abnormality?
A) XXX pattern
B) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
C) Klinefelter Syndrome
D) Turner Syndrome
25. Which of the following sequences of prenatal developmental stages is correct?
A) embryo, fetus, zygote
B) zygote, embryo, fetus
C) fetus, zygote, embryo
D) zygote, fetus, embryo
26. A person’s genetic heritage is his or her:
A) genotype
B) phenotype
C) dominant character
D) recessive character
27. Which phrase best defines a teratogen?
A) A life-support system that protects the fetus
B) An agent that stimulates the formation of organs
C) An abnormality in infants of alcoholic mothers
D) An environmental factor that produces birth defects
28. The__________ pair of chromosomes determines a person’s sex
A) 46th
B) 23rd
C) 10th
D) 2nd
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29. Major defects in body structure occur during which period of pregnancy?
A) germinal
B) fetal
C) embryonic
D) conception
30. During the germinal stage of prenatal development:
A) the 3 germ layers arise
B) the zygote travels down from the fallopian tube and begins the process of cell division and
growth
C) cephalo-caudal growth begins
D) age of viability exists
31. Why is Fragile X syndrome worse in males than females?
A) men would be considered weak and fragile
B) woman have 2 Xs and men only have 1 X
C) Fragile X syndrome is not worse for males
D) Females do not get this syndrome
32. High alcohol intake during pregnancy may result in:
A) Fetal Alcohol syndrome
B) Rubella
C) Rapid growth
D) Down syndrome
33. The APGAR scale is administered:
A) 5 days after the baby is born
B) immediately after delivery
C) on the baby’s first doctor’s visit
D) only on premature babies
34. Which of the following toddlers is employing a gross motor skill?
A) Angelo, who is sitting on the rug and methodically picking up every piece of lint and examining
it
B) Edward, who is creeping backwards down the stairs on all fours
C) Erica, who is looking at pop-up book and laughing uproariously
D) Stuart, who is licking the melting ice cream off the sides of a cone
35. Which of the following is an example of rooting reflex?
A) When a baby’s cheek is touched with a finger, the baby turns its head to face the finger
B) In response to the sudden sensation of falling, the baby flings arms and legs to the sides, and
then brings the arms in towards the body in a hugging motion
C) When a finger is placed in the palm of a baby’s hand, the baby gasps the finger tightly
D) When a finger is placed in a baby’s mouth, the baby begins sucking
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36. Because he has recently achieved object permanence, Scott will now be able to:
A) Categorize objects by function
B) Add and subtract
C) Search for an object that rolled out of sight
D) Understand that a round object contains the same amount of material when it is flattened
into a pancake
37. Three-year old Jacqueline’s pediatrician is preparing to give her a shot when Jacqueline bolts out
of the examining room and hides behind the receptionist’s desk in the outer office. If her mother
subscribes to the authoritarian style of childrearing, which of the following would she most likely
do?
A) Acknowledge Jacqueline’s feelings, help her to understand why the shot is necessary, and
gently, but decisively, take her back to the examining room
B) Pick Jacqueline up and carry her screaming into the doctor’s examining room
C) Promise to take her to the toy store and buy her a new doll right after she goes back in to get
her shot
D) Take her home
38. A child is said to be egocentric during which of Piaget’s developmental stages?
A) Sensorimotor
B) Concrete operational
C) Formal operational
D) Preoperational
39. According to Vygotsky, children’s private speech is:
A) Not useful
B) Egocentric
C) Nonsocial
D) Used for self-guidance
40. Johnny is playing with some cars. Mike is also playing with cars. The two boys are not interacting
while engrossed in their play. This is an example of which type of play?
A) solitary play
B) parallel play
C) cooperative play
D) associative play
41. Which of the following is true about the newborn’s visual acuity?
A) Her peripheral vision is fully developed
B) Her vision for near objects is better than her vision for far objects
C) Her visual acuity is around 20/30
D) Her vision is better when she’s staring at stationary objects than when she’s tracking moving
objects
42. Sue was watching a cartoon that had some violent scenes in it. She then goes outside and tries to
mimic the aggression. This is an example of which theory?
A) Psychoanalytic theory
B) social learning theory
C) cognitive theory
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
D) ecological theory
43. Which type of play behavior occurs when children observe in playing and are interested in the
other children’s play but do not actually participate?
A) Unoccupied behavior
B) solitary play
C) onlooker behavior
D) parallel play
44. A strong desire to do things for yourself, to master the physical and social environment and to be
competent and successful is called:
A) independent
B) self control
C) aggression
D) autonomy
45. Which of Baumrind’s four parenting styles makes demands on the child with little nurturance?
A) authoritarian
B) permissive
C) authoritative
D) strict
46. The term used to describe a personality with a complete blending of male and female traits is
called:
A) bisexual
B) homosexual
C) androgynous
D) heterosexual
47. Making new information part of an existing schema is:
A) assimilation
B) accommodation
C) new schema
D) acceleration
48. The visual cliff tests the infants:
A) breathing patterns
B) eye sight
C) balance
D) depth perception
49. Which of Freud’s psychosexual stages of development occurs during early childhood?
A) oral stage
B) genital stage
C) phallic stage
D) latency stage
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50. Piaget’s stage that involves language development, a limited world view, and the inability to
generalize is:
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operational
D) formal operational
51. Inadequate amounts of food over long periods of time which cause muscular deterioration is
called:
A) marasmus
B) kwashiorkor
C) Vitamin A deficiency
D) poor nutrition
52. According to Freud, boys who lust for their mother and fear castration by their father’s
experience:
A) anal fixation
B) oral fixation
C) electra complex
D) oedipal complex
53. Gender schemas are defined as:
A) standards of behavior and attitudes appropriate for males and females
B) knowledge of one’s gender
C) females who are confused about their identity
D) understanding that gender is stable and stays the same despite superficial changes in
appearance
54. Chomsky’s term for a child’s innate set of mental structures that aid children in language learning
in called:
A) LB: learned behavior
B) LAD: language acquisition device
C) RO: repeat often
D) ZPD: zone of proximal development
55. Which of the following reflexes are important for development but not necessary for survival?
A) breathing reflex
B) sucking reflex
C) moro reflex
D) rooting reflex
56. The ability to associate information from one sensory modality with information from another is
the concept of:
A) cross-modal perception
B) intermodal perception
C) categorization
D) object permanence
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
57. A toddler points and says “Doggy!” instead of saying “look there is a doggy over there!”
Doggy!” is an example of a:
A) phoneme
B) holophrase
C) motherese discussion
D) babble
58. Six-year old Nathan has just resolved his Oedipus complex by repressing the sexual feeling that he
has had for his mother. According to Freud, what will Nathan do next to squash his
disappointment?
A) Find a six year old girlfriend instead
B) Focus on becoming skillful or competent in some area
C) Swear off women for good
D) Try to be as much like his mother as he can
59. In studying personality and social development, learning theorists have given attention to each of
the following except
A) Positive reinforcement
B) genetics
C) observational learning
D) imitation and modeling
60. A child who is in first grade has messy handwriting, does not know the alphabet and is easily
distracted during class. He has difficulty sitting still for more than a few minutes at a time and his
parents describe him as very fidgety. These findings are characteristic of which childhood
problems?
A) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
B) dyslexia
C) dyscalculia
D) dysgraphia
61. Which of the following adolescents will reports the least positive body image?
A) Sharon, an early maturing girl
B) Theo, an early maturing boy
C) Janelle, a girl who is maturing on time
D) Sonya, a late maturing girl
62. Compared to a concrete operational child, a formal operational thinker tends to:
A) Approach problems haphazardly
B) Hold and combine several ideas in his mind at once
C) Latch onto a single solution or reason
D) Rely on memory of past experiences when solving problems
63. Lee has reached Kohlberg’s highest stage of moral development; he now bases his decisions on:
A) Society’s rule and regulations
B) Individual human rights
C) Universal principles that he believes in
D) Ethics of market exchange
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
64. In gym class, sixteen-year-old Ida is concerned that she does everything just right because she
believes everyone will be scrutinizing her performance. Ida’s concern is indicative of:
A) a distorted body image
B) an imaginary audience
C) a personal fable
D) metacognition
65. Identity diffusion represents a(n):
A) Failure to achieve a stable identity
B) Identity that is based on parental goals
C) Identity that is based on a false self
D) Temporary postponement of adult commitments
66. A period of making decisions about important issues, such as “who am I and where am I going?” is
a(n):
A) self-definition
B) identity crisis
C) diffusion status
D) foreclosure status
67. The ability to “think about thinking” is called:
A) metacognition
B) mnemonics
C) reorganization
D) rehearsal
68. The stage of formal operations is characterized by:
A) the application of logical thought to concrete objects and situations
B) abstract thought and hypothetical problem solving
C) the ability to conserve
D) the development of transductive reasoning
69. The adolescent identity crisis refers to a period:
A) Of confusion during which youth are choosing between attachment and autonomy
B) When adolescents are actively making decisions about who they want to be
C) When adolescents actively avoid commitment to ideas or occupations
D) Of intense turmoil and stress that lasts a short time and determines an adolescent’s
identity status
70. Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence includes:
A) deficits, intelligence, creativity
B) hope, needs, intelligence
C) analytical, creative, practical
D) practical, hopefulness, strengths
71. As a typical teenager, Vanessa is more likely to go to her parents than to her peers for advice on:
A) What to wear to the prom
B) Which boys to date
C) Which CD’s to buy
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D) Which foreign language to study in high school
72. Isaac is interested in school. He reads a lot and likes to do experiments. Assuming normal
development, according to Erik Erikson’s theory, Isaac is in which stage?
A) Autonomy vs. shame/doubt
B) Initiative vs. guilt
C) Industry vs. inferiority
D) Identity vs. role confusion
73. The key to formal operational thinking is the ability to think about concepts:
A) Concretely
B) Sensory
C) Symbolically
D) Abstractly
74. Adriane is an architect. According to Howard Gardner’s theory of intelligence, which type of
intelligence would Adriane have?
A) spatial
B) mathematical
C) kinesthetic
D) naturalist
75. Sydney calls her best friend Alisha in a panic. She has a date with Jason, someone she has wanted
to date for months, but now she has a blemish on her forehead, which she knows Jason (and
everyone else) will notice. This is an example of the:
A) Imaginary audience
B) personal fable
C) false-belief syndrome
D) invincibility fable
76. Asked whether they ever had doubts about their religion, four students gave the following
answers. Which of these students has arrived at identity achievement?
A) Kristin: “Oh, I don’t know. It really doesn’t bother me. I figure one’s about as good as
another”
B) Joe: “No, not really. Our family is pretty much in agreement about these things.”
C) Alicia: “Yes, I guess I’m going through that right now. How can there be a God with so much
evil in the world?”
D) Phil: “Yeah, I even started wondering if God existed. I’ve pretty much resolved that by now,
though”
77. Authoritarian parents are most likely to have adolescents experiencing identity:
A) Achievement
B) Moratorium
C) Foreclosure
D) Diffusion
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
78. An elementary age child might learn by chunking items together. This process is called:
A) rehearsal
B) recognition
C) recall
D) insight
79. In Piaget’s concrete operational stage, a child’s thinking becomes:
A) egocentric
B) irreversible
C) reversible and flexible
D) focused on the here and now
80. Water from one of two identical full glasses is poured into a taller glass of a different shape. Which
child will know that the taller glass contains the same amount of water as the shorter glass? A
child at the:
A) concrete operational stage who hears the procedure described verbally
B) preoperational stage who hears the procedure described verbally
C) concrete operational stage who observes the procedure
D) preoperational stage who observes the procedure
81. According to David Elkind, what is one form of adolescent egocentrism?
A) excessive self-esteem
B) fear of risk taking
C) use of concrete operations
D) imaginary audience
82. At the children’s parade, Ellen was put in charge of handing out the flags. Even though she knew
that all the flags were the same size before she gave them out, because one of the boys was much
taller than any of the others, Ellen thought that his flagpole was now a different length than
anyone else’s. Ellen is apparently unable to understand:
A) Conservation of length
B) Conservation of mass
C) Conservation of volume
D) Classification
83. Which one of these teens is exhibiting the personal fable?
A) Anthony, who thinks that everyone will notice the new pimple that sprouted on his
forehead
B) Rick, who wants to be just like his father, the best basketball player the school ever had
C) Derek, who drives 80 miles/ hour on residential streets because he thinks it is fun
D) Steve, who thinks he will be President of the United States
84. According to Erik Erikson, the most important task in early adulthood is:
A) Forging an identity
B) Separating from one’s parents
C) Achieving academic or career success
D) Developing close personal relationships
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
85. Which of the following is more typical of female friendships than of male friendships?
A) Shared activities
B) Shared achievements
C) Greater self-disclosure
D) Being near someone
86. ____________ displays the most advanced process of cognition.
A) Postformal thought
B) Adult moral reasoning
C) Dialectical thought
D) Cognitive flexibility
87. In the work place, many women and minority workers experience the ________________, which
halts promotion and undercuts their power at a certain managerial level.
A) glass ceiling
B) generativity
C) affirmative action
D) patriarchal terrorism
88. How do men and women compare on morbidity and mortality rates?
A) Men have higher morbidity and mortality rates
B) Women have higher morbidity and mortality rates
C) Men have higher morbidity rates and women have higher mortality rates
D) Women have higher morbidity rates and men have higher mortality rates
89. Expertise is
A) Applying intelligence to everyday activities
B) Specialized experience in specific areas
C) Genetically determined
D) More common because it can be taught
90. As we age, our level of ______ intelligence increases, and our level of _______ intelligence
decreases.
A) General; fluid
B) Fluid; crystallized
C) crystallized; fluid
D) Crystallized; general
91. Lisa writes for a local newspaper and is really good at intellectual puzzles. She would probably
test high in
A) general intelligence
B) fluid intelligence
C) crystallized intelligence
D) Practical intelligence
92. ________ intelligence is the idea that intelligence is one basic trait that underlies all cognitive
abilities.
A) General
B) Fluid
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
C) Crystallized
D) Postformal
93. An eating disorder in which the person is obsessed by thought of an unattainable image of
“perfect” thinness is:
A) obesity
B) anorexia nervosa
C) bulimia nervosa
D) depression
94. Satisfaction with work itself is a(n):
A) unpaid bonus
B) lifetime goal
C) intrinsic reward
D) extrinsic reward
95. Remaining single as an adult challenges inaccurate assumptions. Which of these assumptions is
accurate by today’s standards?
A) being single is a result of poor social skills
B) single people are less attractive
C) single people are religious
D) living single is a choice
96. By Cartell’s definition, which type of intelligence declines with age?
A) fluid
B) crystallized
C) short term
D) long term
97. Compared with formal operational thought, postformal thought is characterized by being able to:
A) Dismiss contradictory thought
B) Deal with relative and subjective knowledge
C) Choose between alternatives
D) Reduce the number of problems that one considers
98. Toni is helping to take care of her elderly mother and is helping her daughter, who is newly
divorced. It could be said that she:
A) Is an a midlife crisis
B) Represents the sandwich generation
C) Is feeling overburdened
D) Has to prioritize better
99. Fiona, an artist, loves to travel to new places, try new foods, and wear outrageous clothes. Her
personality structure would be best classified as:
A) openness
B) extroversion
C) agreeableness
D) conscientiousness
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
100. _____ is to outgoing as _______ is to curiosity.
A) Extroversion; openness
B) Openness; conscientiousness
C) Extroversion; agreeableness
D) Openness; extroversion
101. According to Erikson, a middle-aged individual who fails to acquire a sense of generativity is
likely to develop which of the following?
A) neuroticism
B) despair
C) role strain
D) stagnation
102. Regarding intelligence in middle age:
A) Crystallized intelligence increases, while fluid intelligence begins to decline
B) Fluid intelligence increases, while crystallized intelligence begins to decline
C) Both crystallized and fluid intelligence increase
D) Both crystallized and fluid intelligence begin to decline
103. The “big five” personality factors:
A) Showed different patterns of development during middle adulthood
B) Became the “big three” as adults matured
C) Go through a series of developmental stages
D) Remain relatively stable during the middle adult years
104. Middle-aged adults have been described as the “sandwich” generation because:
A) They are now responsible for taking care of grandchildren, including preparing their meals,
while their adult children are at work
B) As retirees, they now spend more time at home and are able to eat together as a couple
C) They face the demands of caring for both their children and their elderly parents
D) It is now up to them to pass on family traditions to their children and grandchildren
105. A 60 year old man runs a 100-yard dash and feels very short of breath. This never happened to
him 20 years ago. This reflects which common physiological change that occurs with aging?
A) lower hormone levels
B) less cardiovascular efficiency
C) declining agility
D) slower neural conduction
106. How does Levinson describe adulthood?
A) a long, stable period
B) process of continuous change
C) rapid changes between stable periods
D) stable periods alternating with transitional periods
107. Which stage does Valliant add to Erikson’s description of human development during early
adulthood?
A) career consolidation
B) early adult transition
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
C) keeping the meaning
D) post formal thought
108. Cross-sectional research on fluid and crystallized intelligence supports which conclusion?
A) fluid intelligence peaks during young adulthood
B) Crystallized intelligence peaks during young adulthood
C) fluid intelligence first declines in late adulthood
D) crystallized intelligence first declines In middle adulthood
109. Which type of thought has been characterized as relativistic and integrative in nature?
A) concrete operational
B) post formal
C) preoperational
D) Sensorimotor
110. Grandparents who live on the next street and see their grandchildren every day are defined as:
A) involved
B) remote
C) compassionate
D) independent
111. The climacteric indicates the end of __________
A) night sweats
B) sexual activity
C) reproductive capability
D) incontinence
112. According to Erikson, an individual who fails to achieve ego integrity will experience which of the
following?
A) A sense of inferiority
B) Boredom and stagnation
C) Guilt
D) Feelings of hopelessness and despair
113. In performing an autopsy on a patient who had shown steady mental deterioration before his
death, from memory loss to complete disorientation, a physician finds some brain cells clumped
together in tangles, while other are shrunken. The patient most likely had _______.
A) aging- related senility
B) Parkinson’s disease
C) Pick’s disease
D) Alzheimer’s disease
114. “Wear and tear” theories of aging emphasize:
A) the comparison of the human body to a machine that wears out as a result of constant use
B) The limited number of times that cells can divide
C) An increase in genetic errors as cells divide
D) Genetic programming
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
115. Gertrude is seventy five years old. If Erik Erickson’s theory of personality is correct, which of the
following would be of most concern to Gertrude?
A) What is the enduring meaning of my life?
B) What can I do to help younger people?
C) How can I become less lonely?
D) What can I do to increase the time that I have left?
116. Widowers are more likely than widows to:
A) remain single
B) interact with family members
C) experience loneliness
D) have better financial resources
117. The ________ theory of aging states that people age because inside their cells normal
metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules that ricochet around the cells, damaging DNA
and other cellular structures.
A) free-radical
B) cellular clock
C) wear and tear
D) Hayflick limit
118. Those who adopt a disengagement theory of aging believe that:
A) As older adults slow down, they gradually withdraw from society
B) The more active adults are, the less likely they will age
C) The more active adults are, the more satisfied they will be
D) Reduced social interaction leads to decreased satisfaction with life
119. Dylan watched his father suffer for a year before dying of cancer. Now Dylan wants to be sure that
his father retains control over any decisions made concerning how, when and under what
circumstances life-sustaining treatments will be used or withheld in the case of his own final
illness.
A) living trust
B) living will
C) last will and testament
D) medical power of attorney
120. Active euthanasia is
A) Not administering a prescribed drug that would help keep the patient alive
B) Letting the patient die naturally
C) The intentional administration of a lethal drug dose by medical personnel to the dying
patient
D) Allowing the dying patient to decide when painkilling drugs should be administered
121. The order of the stages of dying as proposed by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross are:
A) Denial, anger, bargaining, acceptance, depression
B) Anger, denial, bargaining, depression, acceptance
C) Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
D) Anger, bargaining, acceptance, depression, denial
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
122. ___________ is one of the most serious stresses a person can undergo.
A) Death of a spouse
B) Moving to an active adult community
C) Retirement
D) Remarriage
123. Which of the following is the theoretical proposition that the lifespan of any species is subject to
a genetically preprogrammed limit to the number of times cells have the capacity to replicate
themselves?
A) wear and tear theory
B) free radcals theory
C) the Hayflick limit
D) error catastrophe
124. How is “grief” best defined?
A) a change in status and role
B) the burial rituals used in a culture
C) an abnormal reaction to death
D) an emotional response to loss
125. The process of putting life in perspective occurs in which of Erickson’s stage of psychosocial
development?
A) autonomy vs. shame and doubt
B) integrity vs. despair
C) intimacy vs. isolation
D) generativity vs. stagnation
126. Which biological theory of aging holds that all human genes are programmed to produce changes
that bring about death?
A) cross-linkage theory
B) endocrine theory
C) Hayflick theory
D) wear-in-tear theory
127. Hospice is a:
A) hospital
B) old age home
C) philosophy
D) treatment
128. During a long terminal illness, the family experiences:
A) anticipatory grief
B) bereavement overload
C) chronic grief
D) recovery
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
129. Memories of remote or historical events are called:
A) working memory
B) secondary memory
C) tertiary memory
D) old age memory
130. Disconnecting life support equipment to allow death to occur is called:
A) passive euthanasia
B) assisted suicide
C) active euthanasia
D) natural death
131. ___________ is the processing component through which your current, conscious mental activity
occurs; it has 2 functions to store and process information.
A) sensory register
B) knowledge base
C) working memory
D) control processes
132. A 23-year old patient is terminally ill. After a long struggle, she realizes that death is inevitable and
begins to make preparations for her funeral and burial. This patient is most likely in which of
Kubler-Ross’ stages of dying?
A) acceptance
B) bargaining
C) denial
D) depression
133. How each person copes with late adulthood is in much the same way as he/she coped with earlier
periods of life is an example of the _____________ theory.
A) activity
B) disengagement
C) psychosocial
D) continuity
134. Which of the following is NOT a stage of mourning:
A) shock
B) recovery
C) despair
D) crying
135. Albert Bandura’s approach to personality is referred to as:
A) symbolic interaction theory
B) attribution theory
C) self-disclosure theory
D) social learning theory
136. Dr. Smith believes that all behavior – both abnormal and normal- is learned. She is not interested
in the person’s mind; she studies only what is observable and measurable. Dr. Smith takes what
approach to psychology?
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
A)
B)
C)
D)
Behavioral
psychodynamic
humanistic
biological
137. Cohort effects are concerned with people of different:
A) ethnic backgrounds
B) cultures
C) age groupings
D) socioeconomic backgrounds
138. In order to study the effects of music on memory, a researcher has one group of subjects listen to
music while studying a list of words and another group study the same list without listening to
music. In this experiment, the number of words each subject can remember would be:
A) the independent variable
B) a placebo
C) manipulated by the experimenter
D) the dependent variable
139. A mother nags her son until he cleans his room. Later that month when his room becomes messy
again, the son spontaneously cleans up his room because he doesn’t want to be nagged. The
mother’s nagging is an example of:
A) positive reinforcement
B) negative reinforcement
C) punishment
D) intermittent reinforcement
140. Which theoretical perspective believes that development is based on intrinsic sources of
motivation?
A) humanism
B) psychodynamic
C) ethological
D) cognitive
141. Thorndike’s Law of Effect says that when a behavior is pleasant it is:
A) less likely to be replaced
B) more likely to be replaced
C) less likely to cause avoidance
D) likely to encourage change
142. Studies in which the same people are tested at different ages are called:
A) longitudinal
B) cross-sectional
C) naturalistic observation
D) experimental
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
143. During which stage of prenatal development does implantation occur?
A) conception
B) germinal
C) embryonic
D) fetal
144. Studies on identical twins are influential on gene-environment interactions because:
A) twins are not used when studying gene-environment interactions
B) any differences must be attributed to environment since they are genetically identical
C) gene-environment interaction aren’t studied as much as gene-gene interactions
D) it allows researchers to understand the difference between monozygotic and dizygotic twins
145. The Moro reflect is likely to be exhibited by a one-month old if:
A) A bottle is placed in his mouth
B) The bottom of his foot is stroked
C) His father gently touches his cheek
D) His brother slams the door
146. If her parents encourage little Tanya to ask questions, to use her imagination and give her
freedom to choose some activities, according to Erikson, they are encouraging:
A) Initiative
B) Identity
C) Generativity
D) Industry
147. Which term is used to described children’s emerging awareness and control of their intellectual
skills and abilities?
A) intelligence quotient
B) metacognition
C) preoperational thought
D) trust
148. Nancy is protesting against the recent enactment of the death penalty in her home state. She feels
that it is immoral for the government to decide who should live and who should die. Nancy is
functioning at Kohlberg’s ____level.
A) concrete
B) conventional
C) post conventional
D) preconventional
149. At their high school graduation, four seniors were discussing their future plans. Which one of
them appears to be in moratorium as far as identity is concerned?
A) Donna, who said, “At first, I thought it was a bad idea when my father suggested I come to
work at his real estate firm. But the more I thought about it, the better I liked it.
B) Laura, who said, “I’ve wanted to work as a hair stylist ever since my grandmother bought
me that doll with the hair that grows when I was three. Someday, I’m going to have my
own beauty parlor
C) Marian, who said, “I’m glad I don’t have to think about going out to look for a job. I’m going to
love staying at home and being a new wife and mother”
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
D) Vicky, who said, “I envy all of you. You’re so sure of what you want to do with your life. All I
know is I want a career and not just a job. That’s why I decided to go to college I hope I’ll
find something that will really spark my interest”
150. Aaron is aware of his thinking and understands that he uses certain strategies to help him
remember. These skills demonstrate:
A) memory
B) mnemonics
C) metacognition
D) abstract reasoning
151. A 14 year old acts responsibly, makes decisions independently, and accepts the consequences of
inappropriate behavior. The parents of this adolescent probably relied most upon which parenting
style?
A) authoritarian
B) permissive
C) restrictive
D) authoritative
152. Ever since he was five years old, his father has been telling Eddie that some day he would come to
work with him in his furniture store. But when he finished high school, Eddie told his father that he
decided to go to culinary school and become a chef instead. Eddie’s identity status is:
A) Foreclosed
B) identity achieved
C) identity diffused
D) moratorium
153. When the term is used correctly, menopause is the:
A) Beginning of a dramatic change in women’s reproductive system
B) Process of dramatic change in a women’s reproductive system
C) Ending of a dramatic change in women’s reproductive system
D) Total cessation of estrogen production in middle-aged women
154. Male menopause:
A) Is a sudden drop in reproductive ability
B) Is a sudden drop in hormonal levels
C) Is a decrease in libido
D) does not exist
155. Martha is a jail guard who does not like to travel, worries about finances and has few friends. She
most likely fits into which category of personality traits?
A) openness
B) neuroticism
C) conscientiousness
D) agreeableness
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Life Span Developmental Psychology In Class Final Exam
156. June experiences great satisfaction through nurturing, guiding and teaching skills to her children.
According to Erik Erikson, June is dealing successfully with which psychological task?
A) Industry vs. inferiority
B) Identity vs. confusion
C) Intimacy vs. isolation
D) Generativity vs. stagnation
157. With each year from 20 to 40, all the body systems gradually become less efficient. This decreases
in efficiency is called:
A) homeostasis
B) senescence
C) organ reserve
D) infertility
158. Which statement best describes research findings regarding personality traits, such as neuroticism
and openness, through adulthood?
A) personality traits are generally stable over the life span
B) personality traits usually change dramatically as function of an adult’s experience
C) there is a greater stability of personality traits in childhood than n adulthood
D) there is more variation of personality traits in late adulthood than in early adulthood
159. The most significant status change of later adulthood is:
A) retirement
B) empty nest
C) poverty
D) remarriage
160. Many people become more responsive to nature, and have a higher appreciation of expressive
and creative pursuits. This is referred to as:
A) self-actualization
B) life review
C) aesthetic sense
D) generativity
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