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Kail/Cavanaugh’s Human Development: A Life-Span View 5e
Chapter 13
Learning Objectives
Physical Changes and Health
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Explain the physical changes that cause wrinkles, gray hair, baldness, and middle-aged
bulge.
Describe the causes and possible prevention of osteoporosis, and explain why it is more
common in women than in men.
Describe changes in the joints and problems such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid
arthritis.
Describe the physical changes that occur in women during the climacteric.
Explain how ethnicity and culture are related to menopause.
Describe how reproductive technology has changed the age of childbearing.
Describe the risks and benefits associated with hormone replacement therapy.
Describe changes in men’s fertility with age.
Describe the changes that occur in men’s sexual functioning with age.
Describe how control over one’s job is related to stress.
Describe how reported stress differs by age and gender.
Describe the stress and coping paradigm.
Describe how stress is related to one’s physical health.
Define Type A and Type B behavior patterns, and explain how both are related to
cardiovascular disease.
Describe how stress and psychological health are related.
Describe the physiological effects of exercise.
Describe changes across adulthood in the reasons why people exercise.
Cognitive Development
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Define practical intelligence, and explain how it differs from traditional measures of
intelligence.
Explain the difference between optimally exercised and unexercised abilities, and
describe the developmental course of both.
Describe the applications of practical intelligence.
Explain the differences between the mechanics and pragmatics of intelligence.
Describe the differences in the thinking of experts and novices, and describe the
developmental course of expert performance.
Define encapsulation and explain how it is related to the ability to explain how one
arrives at a particular answer.
Explain why lifelong learning is becoming the norm.
Describe the four ways in which adult learners differ from younger learners.
Personality
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Describe Costa and McCrae’s five dimensions of personality: neuroticism, agreeableness,
openness to experience, conscientiousness, and extraversion.
Describe the evidence that personality traits remain stable across adulthood.
Describe the evidence for personality change during adulthood.
Describe how priorities change over the course of one’s lifetime.
Explain generativity and stagnation and ethnic differences in generativity.
Kail/Cavanaugh’s Human Development: A Life-Span View 5e
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Explain how changes in self-descriptions of gender role are related to changes in
behavior across adulthood.
Define midlife crisis, and explain whether or not it is universal.
Family Dynamics and Middle Age
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Describe the role of kinkeeper that many middle-aged mothers assume.
Define what is meant by the sandwich generation.
Describe how the relationship between parents and children changes as children move
from adolescence to young adulthood.
Explain how most parents feel when they have an empty nest.
Explain the reasons why adult children return home.
Describe the gender difference in caring for aging parents.
Define filial obligation.
Describe the two factors that contribute to negative feelings about caring for one’s aging
parents.
Explain some of the psychological costs of caregiving.
Describe ethnic differences in adult caregivers’ stress.
Explain how personal and social dimensions of grandparenting influence grandparenting.
Describe the different meanings of grandparenthood.
Describe ethnic differences in grandparenthood.
Describe how the role of grandparent has changed in recent years.