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Genetics and Mutations Project Introduction Overview: On DAY ONE of this Project, you will: 1. Create a new organism that has traits that allow it to survive in an environment of your choice. 1. Determine the genotype for each of its traits. 1. Create the DNA sequence that your organism has based on the genotype for each of its traits. 1. Draw your organism with its traits in the environment you chose. Overview: On DAY TWO of this Project, you will: 1. Be given another students’ organism to mutate, while your organism is mutated by someone else. 1. Determine the type of mutation that occurred. 1. Draw your mutated organism. 1. Write a scientific explanation of how your organism was affected by its mutation. Step 1: Create an Organism Choose a type of organism: ★ Plant ★ Animal Choose an environment: ● ● ● ● ● Ocean Lake River Desert Grassland ● ● ● ● ● ● Arctic Tundra Rain Forest Temperate Forest Mountains Caves Swamp Step 2: Create Genotypes & Phenotypes ★ Create at least 5 sets of genotypes and phenotypes for your organism ○ ○ EX: S= sharp teeth, s= dull teeth. Organism is is heterozygous (Ss) for sharp teeth Examples of traits for animals: ● Limbs/appendages ● Color ● Sight ● Teeth ● Hearing ● Intelligence ● Size ● Lungs/gills ● Body covering (hair/fur, scales, or feathers) Examples of traits for plants: ● Size ● Bark/no bark ● Need for sun or shade ● Flowers/no flowers ● Color ● Healthy to eat or poisonous ● Method of seed dispersal ● Amount of water needed ● Ideal temperature/time of year for blooming Step 3: Create Your Organism's DNA Sequence ★ Decide if your organism is going to be homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive. ★ Using DNA Sequences sheet, identify the DNA Sequence for each of your organisms traits. ○ ○ Make sure you’re using the correct sheet: either “Animals” OR “Plants Make sure you record the correct DNA Sequence for the genotype you chose. Step 4: Draw Your Organism! What You Need To Include: Points Earned/Possible 5 traits determined by your organisms genotypes and phenotypes _____/10 Environment, including biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors ______/5 Color ______/3 Neatness/Effort ______/4 Total: _____/22 Genetics and Mutations Project DAY TWO Overview: On DAY TWO of this Project, you will: 1. Be given another students’ organism to mutate, while your organism is mutated by someone else. 1. Once you’ve received your organism back, you will determine the type of mutation that occurred. 1. Draw your mutated organism. 1. Write a scientific explanation of how your organism was affected by its mutation. Step 1: Mutate Another Organism You will be assigned another student’s organism to mutate. You will mutate three of that organism’s traits using one of the following: ● Positive ● Neutral ● Negative ★ Use each one only once if you can. If it’s not possible, use at least two. The mutations you choose must be positive, neutral, or negative based Original Trait Genotype Phenotype Mutated Genotype Ex. Teeth Ss Sharp ss 1 Limbs ff No limbs Ff 2 Body Coverings SS scales Ss 3 Size bb Person-sized BB Step 2: Determine the Effect & Type of Mutation Once you’ve received YOUR original organism, analyze the mutations that were made and fill out the table below. Original Trait Mutated Geno- Pheno- Geno- Pheno- Positive, Neutral, or Negative Ex Teeth Ss Sharp ss dull negative 1 Limbs ff No limbs Ff limbs positive 2 Body Coverings SS Scales Ss Scales neutral Step 2: Determine the Type of Mutation Analyze how your organism's’ genotype changed and whether there was a substitution, deletion, &/or insertion in the DNA sequence. ★ Certain mutations may be caused by just one type of mutation or by two! Original Trait Mutated Geno- DNA Sequence Geno- DNA Sequence Substitution, Deletion, or Insertion Ex Teeth Ss AACGTTA ss CCGGTA Substitution & deletion 1 Limbs ff CAACTC Ff GAACCTC Substitution & insertion 2 Body Coverings SS CCTGGA Ss CCATGGA Insertion Step 3: Draw Your Mutated Organism Once you receive your mutated organism back, you will draw it with the mutations. You do not have to draw the environment again. What You Need To Include: 5 traits determined by your organisms mutated genotypes and phenotypes Points Earned/Possible _____/5 Color ______/3 Neatness/Effort ______/4 Total ______/12 Genetics and Mutations Project DAY THREE (last day!) Step 4: Scientific Reasoning Write a scientific explanation for how two of your organism’s mutations were positive, negative, or neutral for it in its environment. 1. Make a Claim: Claims are statements that you believe to be true and that answer a scientific question. a. How was your organism affected? 1. Describe your Evidence: Factual information or data from experiments, observations, calculations, or measurements that contributes to the credibility of the claim. a. Why was the mutation positive, negative, or neutral? 1. Reasoning: A description of the logic and/or scientific principles that fit the evidence together with the claim. a. How does your evidence support your claim? Step 4: Scientific Reasoning Write a scientific explanation for how two of your organism’s mutations were positive, negative, or neutral for it in its environment. What You Need To Include: Claim - Clearly written claim that is relevant to the prompt Mutation 1 Mutation 2 _____/3 _____/3 Evidence - Clear evidence ______/3 ______/3 Reasoning - Clearly explains how evidence proves claim ______/3 ______/3 Conclusion - Summarize your explanation ______/3 ______/3 ______/12 ______/12 Total: ______/24