Download Genetics and Mutations Project

Genetics and Mutations
Project
Introduction
Overview:
On DAY ONE of this Project, you will:
1. Create a new organism that has traits that allow it to survive in
an environment of your choice.
1. Determine the genotype for each of its traits.
1. Create the DNA sequence that your organism has based on the
genotype for each of its traits.
1. Draw your organism with its traits in the environment you chose.
Overview:
On DAY TWO of this Project, you will:
1. Be given another students’ organism to mutate, while your
organism is mutated by someone else.
1. Determine the type of mutation that occurred.
1. Draw your mutated organism.
1. Write a scientific explanation of how your organism was
affected by its mutation.
Step 1: Create an Organism
Choose a type of organism:
★ Plant
★ Animal
Choose an environment:
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Ocean
Lake
River
Desert
Grassland
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Arctic Tundra
Rain Forest
Temperate Forest
Mountains
Caves
Swamp
Step 2: Create Genotypes & Phenotypes
★ Create at least 5 sets of genotypes and phenotypes for your organism
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EX: S= sharp teeth, s= dull teeth.
Organism is is heterozygous (Ss) for sharp teeth
Examples of traits for animals:
● Limbs/appendages
● Color
● Sight
● Teeth
● Hearing
● Intelligence
● Size
● Lungs/gills
● Body covering (hair/fur, scales, or
feathers)
Examples of traits for plants:
● Size
● Bark/no bark
● Need for sun or shade
● Flowers/no flowers
● Color
● Healthy to eat or poisonous
● Method of seed dispersal
● Amount of water needed
● Ideal temperature/time of year
for blooming
Step 3: Create Your Organism's DNA Sequence
★ Decide if your organism is going to be homozygous dominant,
heterozygous, or homozygous recessive.
★ Using DNA Sequences sheet, identify the DNA Sequence for each of
your organisms traits.
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Make sure you’re using the correct sheet: either “Animals” OR “Plants
Make sure you record the correct DNA Sequence for the genotype you
chose.
Step 4: Draw Your Organism!
What You Need To Include:
Points Earned/Possible
5 traits determined by your organisms genotypes and
phenotypes
_____/10
Environment, including biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living)
factors
______/5
Color
______/3
Neatness/Effort
______/4
Total:
_____/22
Genetics and Mutations
Project
DAY TWO
Overview:
On DAY TWO of this Project, you will:
1. Be given another students’ organism to mutate, while your
organism is mutated by someone else.
1. Once you’ve received your organism back, you will determine
the type of mutation that occurred.
1. Draw your mutated organism.
1. Write a scientific explanation of how your organism was
affected by its mutation.
Step 1: Mutate Another Organism
You will be assigned another student’s organism to mutate.
You will mutate three of that organism’s traits using one of the following:
● Positive
● Neutral
● Negative
★ Use each one only once if you can. If it’s not possible, use at least
two.
The mutations you choose must be positive, neutral, or negative based
Original
Trait
Genotype
Phenotype
Mutated Genotype
Ex.
Teeth
Ss
Sharp
ss
1
Limbs
ff
No limbs
Ff
2
Body
Coverings
SS
scales
Ss
3
Size
bb
Person-sized
BB
Step 2: Determine the Effect & Type of Mutation
Once you’ve received YOUR original organism, analyze the mutations
that were made and fill out the table below.
Original
Trait
Mutated
Geno-
Pheno-
Geno-
Pheno-
Positive,
Neutral, or
Negative
Ex
Teeth
Ss
Sharp
ss
dull
negative
1
Limbs
ff
No limbs
Ff
limbs
positive
2
Body
Coverings
SS
Scales
Ss
Scales
neutral
Step 2: Determine the Type of Mutation
Analyze how your organism's’ genotype changed and whether there
was a substitution, deletion, &/or insertion in the DNA sequence.
★ Certain mutations may be caused by just one type of mutation or
by two!
Original
Trait
Mutated
Geno-
DNA Sequence
Geno-
DNA Sequence
Substitution,
Deletion, or
Insertion
Ex
Teeth
Ss
AACGTTA
ss
CCGGTA
Substitution &
deletion
1
Limbs
ff
CAACTC
Ff
GAACCTC
Substitution &
insertion
2
Body
Coverings
SS
CCTGGA
Ss
CCATGGA
Insertion
Step 3: Draw Your Mutated Organism
Once you receive your mutated organism back, you will draw it with
the mutations. You do not have to draw the environment again.
What You Need To Include:
5 traits determined by your organisms
mutated genotypes and phenotypes
Points Earned/Possible
_____/5
Color
______/3
Neatness/Effort
______/4
Total
______/12
Genetics and Mutations
Project
DAY THREE
(last day!)
Step 4: Scientific Reasoning
Write a scientific explanation for how two of your organism’s mutations were positive,
negative, or neutral for it in its environment.
1. Make a Claim: Claims are statements that you believe to be true and that
answer a scientific question.
a. How was your organism affected?
1. Describe your Evidence: Factual information or data from experiments,
observations, calculations, or measurements that contributes to the credibility
of the claim.
a. Why was the mutation positive, negative, or neutral?
1. Reasoning: A description of the logic and/or scientific principles that fit the
evidence together with the claim.
a. How does your evidence support your claim?
Step 4: Scientific Reasoning
Write a scientific explanation for how two of your organism’s mutations were positive,
negative, or neutral for it in its environment.
What You Need To Include:
Claim - Clearly written claim that is relevant
to the prompt
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
_____/3
_____/3
Evidence - Clear evidence
______/3
______/3
Reasoning - Clearly explains how evidence
proves claim
______/3
______/3
Conclusion - Summarize your explanation
______/3
______/3
______/12
______/12
Total: ______/24