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L3 Chemistry organic chemistry revision Organic chemical group General formula Example (structure and name) 1. Alcohol R-OH ethanol 2. Alkyl halide (haloalkane) 3. Aldehyde 4. Ketone 5. Carboxylic acid 6. Acyl chloride (acid chloride) 7. Amine 8. Amide 9. Ester Reactant alkene e.g ethene alkene Reagent, conditions and reaction type H2 /Ni catalyst (addition reaction) Product name and example alkane ethane Alcohol (diol) alkene e.g propene haloalkane (alkyl halide) alcohol alkene alcohol haloalkane alcohol aldehyde alcohol ketone alcohol carboxylic acid haloalkane alkene haloalkane alcohol haloalkane amine carboxylic acid acyl (acid) chloride carboxylic acid ester acyl chloride amide acyl chloride ester acyl chloride carboxylic acid aldehyde or ketone alcohol major product: minor product: Specific tests Distinguishes between Testing reagent Cr2O72-/H+ Expected results Lucas reagent (conc. HCl+ZnCl2) Tollen’s reagent Benedict’s solution Br2 water Isomers Structures and names i) ii) Type of isomer Structural e.g C4H9OH iii) Geometric (cis/trans) e.g 1,2 dichloroethene i) ii) Optical e.g 2 amino propanoic acid i) mirror Monomer 1 Condensation polymers Monomer 2 Repeating unit + by-product HO-(CH2)4-OH H2N-(CH2)4-NH2 ii) HOOC-(CH2)2-COOH ClOC-(CH2)2-COCl Reaction, separation and purification equipment Equipment Purpose and how it works Labelled diagram Reflux condenser Separating funnel Distillation condenser
