Download The Syllabus of the Comprehensive Chinese Course

The Syllabus of the Medical Chinese Course
Applicable students: undergraduate oversea students.
Class hours:
It takes 136 teaching hours to study this course.The study of theory needs 128
teaching hours. The study of experimental skill needs 8 teaching hours.
Course introduction:
This course specifically designed for overseas students in Jinzhou Medical University
for undergraduate medical education, is used to introduce medical Chinese words and
commonly-used medical Chinese expressions. At the same time, the students will do
many forms of practice to enhance listening and speaking skills. The course emphasis
is on the connection and transition of both language and professional knowledge. We
have varied forms of teaching methods: lecture with power point presentations, use of
VCD / DVD for visual material, and the student-centered method, such as interactive
group work, use of case studies, role plays and discussion groups and so on.
We use the Practical Medical Chinese (PreclinicalⅠ) and Practical Medical Chinese
(PreclinicalⅡ), published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, as the
textbooks, and it takes totally 136 teaching hours and starts to learn from the 5th to 6th
semester.
The basic requirements:
As the requirements of the course, the students should master about 500 Chinese
medical words, about 400 most commonly-used medical communication expressions,
so as to communicate and take practice in hospital in Chinese effectively and
efficiently.
Teaching period plan:
Theory courses
Chapter
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Contents
Systemic Anatomy
Locomotor System
Digestive and Respiratory System
Cardiovascular System
Endocrine System
Nervous System
Urinary System
Reproductive System
Histology And Embryology
Skin
Review ﹠Q/A
Blood Tissue
Muscle and Bone Tissue
Nerve Tissue
Medical Genetics
1
Time
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
6
6
6
6
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Physiology
Respiration and Digestive Physiology
Blood and Circulatory Physiology
Urinary Physiology
Biochemistry
General Surgery I-Acute Appendicitis
Review ﹠Q/A
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
Experimental courses
Chapter
1
2
Contents
Visiting hospital
Standard Patient
Time
4
4
Theoretical part (128hours)
Chapter 1 Systemic Anatomy
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to the medical anatomy, such as some body part
words “chest”, “abdomen”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the clinic
as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to medical anatomy, such as “四肢 limbs”, “近
侧 proximal part”, “胫侧 tibial part”, “矢状面 sagittal plane”, etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: Body Part
Dialogue two: Anatomical Position
Part three: medical reading: Systemic Anatomy
The systemic anatomy is a morphological and structural study of the functional organ
systems of the body. In anatomy the body can be divided into 9 systems: the loco
motor, digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive, circulatory, sensory organs,
nervous and endocrine.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 躯干部、桡侧、尺侧、腓侧、水平面
Key sentence patterns: ……是……还是……？……由……组成；在……中
Chapter 2 Locomotor System
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to the human locomotor system, such as
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“humerus”, “hip joint”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the clinic as
a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to locomotor system, such as “肱骨 humerus”,
“椎间盘 intervertebral disc”, “颈椎 cervical vertebrae”, “桡骨 radius”, etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: Fracture;
Dialogue two: Gastrocnemius Injury.
Part three: medical reading: Locomotor System
The locomotor system consists of bones, joints and muscles, constituting 65% of the
body’s weight of human. Bone is an organ composed of bone tissues. Human skeleton
is composed of 206 bones, which may be classified into three main types according to
its location: cranial, trunk and limb.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 骨折、手上、担心、住院、出院、拉伤
Key sentence patterns: 拍 X 光片、有点儿+adj、好点儿
Chapter 3 Digestive and Respiratory System
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to the digestive and respiratory system, such as
“duodenum”, “cardia”, “pylorus” etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the
digestive & respiratory clinic as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to digestive and respiratory system, such as
“胰腺 pancreas”, “胆囊 gall bladder”, “阑尾 appendix”, “气管 trachea”, etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: Abdominal Pain
Dialogue two: Common Cold
Part three: medical reading: Digestive System
The digestive system is composed of the alimentary canal or digestive tract and
digestive glands. The alimentary canal extends from the mouth to the anus as organs
with varying thicknesses. It consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine and large intestines.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 鼻塞、头疼、胸透、厉害、胃镜、腹痛
Key sentence patterns: V+一下、半个小时左右、头疼得厉害
3
Chapter 4 Cardiovascular System
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to the cardiovascular system, such as
“myocardium”, “ventricle”, “aorta” etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in
the clinic as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to medical genetics, such as “二尖瓣 mitral
valve”, “三尖瓣 tricuspid valve”, “毛细血管 capillary”, “肺动脉干 pulmonary trunk”,
etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: Atrioventricular Block
Dialogue two: Rheumatic Heart Disease
Part three: medical reading: Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular System is composed of the heart and vessels. The heart is the
dynamic center of the circulatory system. it contains the left atrium, left ventricle,
right atrium, right ventricle. The halves are separated by the atrial septum and the
ventricular septum.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words:脉搏、心电监护、起搏器、超声科、肥大、扩张
Key sentence patterns: 病人现在怎么样？那怎么办？
Chapter 5 Endocrine System
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to the Endocrine System, such as “hypophysis”,
“adenohypophysis”, “adrenal gland”，etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in
the endocrine clinic as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to medical genetics, such as “腺垂体
adenohypophysis”, “胰岛素 pancreas islet”, “糖尿病 diabetes mellitus”, “加压素
antidiuretic hormone”, etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: Hyperthyroidism
Dialogue two: Diabetes Mellitus
Part three: medical reading Endocrine System
The endocrine system is the body’s important regulatory system. the nervous system
and endocrine system use each other for regulation. They work together to maintain
normality.
4
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 觉得、失眠、肿大、血糖、剂量、降低、升高
Key sentence patterns: 是……有问题吗？不一定是…….也可能是……，我看
(认为) ……
Chapter 6 Nervous System
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to the nervous system, such as “telencephalon”,
“cerebral infarction”, “pons”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the
clinic as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to medical genetics, such as “脑皮质 cerebral
cortex”, “脊髓 spinal cord”, “延髓 medulla oblongata”, “椎体束 pyramidal tract”, etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: Cerebral Infarction
Dialogue two: Lumbar Puncture
Part three: medical reading: Nervous System
Nervous system is composed of brain, spinal cord, and distributing peripheral nerves
which connect with brain or spinal cord. According to the different locations and
functions, nervous system can be divided into the central nervous system and the
peripheral nervous system.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 偏瘫、造成、高血压、出血、红细胞、毫升、需要
Key sentence patterns: 在……之间，别的地方都还好，
Chapter 7 Urinary System
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to the urinary system, such as “kidney”, “renal
hilum”, “urethra”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the urinary clinic
as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to urinary system, such as “肾盂 renal pelvis”,
“肾柱 renal column”, “膀胱 bladder”, “肾皮质 kidney cortex”, etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: Pyelonephritis
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Dialogue two: Splanchnoscopy
Part three: medical reading: Urinary system
The organ of urinary system includes the kidney, ureter, bladder and the urethra.
Among them, the kidney is the most important organ. The kidney is bean-line in
shape, located in the posterior wall of the abdomen. There is introversion in the
middle of the inner margin called the renal hilum.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 复发、舒服、碎石、治疗、导致、反复、结石、光滑、
内窥镜
Key sentence patterns: 和……一样；这次是……上次是……；我以前得过……
Chapter 8 Reproductive System
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to the reproductive system, such as “ovary”,
“spermatic duct”, “spermatozoa”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the
Gynecology and Andrology clinic as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to medical genetics, such as “宫颈 cervix”,
“卵子 ovum”, “阴囊 scrotum”, “前列腺 prostate”, etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: Femal Sterility
Dialogue two: Male Sterility
Part three: medical reading: reproductive system
The reproductive system includes the male reproductive system and the female
reproductive system. The male reproductive system is composed of the testicles.
Spermatic ducts, the affiliated glands and exterior genitals. The female reproductive
system is composed of the ovaries, the oviducts, the uterus and the exterior genitals.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 结婚、怀孕、阻塞、建议、结核、增生、腮腺炎
Key sentence patterns: 有没有…….阻塞？……功能是不是正常？……有可能
引起….
Chapter 9 Histology and Embryology
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to the histology & embryology, such as
“epithelial tissue”, “imbedded”, “fertilization”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the
patients in the Gynecology Clinic as a doctor.
6
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to medical genetics, such as “胚层 embryonic
layers”, “分化 differentiation”, “器官 organ”, “羊膜囊 amniotic sac”, etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: Basic Tissues
Dialogue two: Pregnancy
Part three: medical reading: histology &embryology
Histology and embryology are important courses of basic medicine. Histology is a
fine structure study of cells, tissues and organs, as well as their relevant functions. The
cell is the basic morphological structure and functional unit of the body. It’s composed
of a cellular membrane, cytoplasm and a cellular nucleus.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 推迟、形成、雏形、胎儿、生命、单位、物质、基本
Key sentence patterns: ……是有……组成的，……组成……
Chapter 10 Skin
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to Dermatology, such as “dermis”, “sweat
gland”, “scar”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the Dermatology ward
as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to medical genetics, such as “网织层
plexiform layer”，
“基底面 basal surface”，
“扁平上皮 squamouse epithelium”, etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: Epithelium
Dialogue two: Skin Scald
Part three: medical reading: Skin
The skin covers the surface of the body. It is the organ with the biggest area. It is
nearly 8-16% of the total body weight. The skin is composed of epithelium and
dermis. Inside the skin there are hairs, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails.
They are all the affiliated organs derived from the epidermis called skin appendages.
Besides these items, the skin also has numerous blood vessels and nerves.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 包括、内测、所有
Key sentence patterns: ……是，……也是……；……说明……；……包括……
和……
7
Chapter 11 Blood Tissue
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to blood tissue, such as “blood”, “plasma”, etc;
grasp how to communicate to the patients with a topic of blood tissue as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words such as “血液 blood”, “血浆 plasma”, etc .
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: anemia
Dialogue two: leukemia
Part three: medical reading: blood tissue
Blood is red fluid which circulates in the cardiovascular systam.The total volume of
the blood is about 5 liters in every adult and constitutes 7 percent of the weight of
the human body.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 表示、符号、维生素、会诊、体征等;
Key sentence patterns: ……主要……；……是……，不是……；很可能是……。
不过……
Chapter 12 Muscle and Bone Tissue
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to muscle and bone tissue, such as “striated
muscle”, “osteocyte”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the surgery
clinic as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to medical genetics, such as “横纹肌 striated
muscle”, “骨细胞 osteocyte”, “软骨 cartilage”, etc .
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: Cardiac Muscle and a Skeletal Muscle
Dialogue two: Fracture Healing
Part three: medical reading: Skin
Bone is composed of osseous tissues, periostea and bone marrow. The tissue is the
main component of the adult skeleton. Bone supports fleshy sturcutres as well as
protectis bital organs in the cranial and thoracic cabities. There are three kinds of cells
in the bone namely osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes.
[Focal and difficult points]
8
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 差不多、分支、复杂、模糊、愈合等;
Key sentence patterns: ……由……变成；……得好好儿……一下，首先……，
然后……，最后……
Chapter 13 Never Tissue
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to never tissue, such as “axon”, “motor end
plate”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the neurology ward or some
related medical scene as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to medical genetics, such as “轴突 axon”,
“运动终板 motor end plate”, “神经元 neuron”, etc .
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: Motor Neuron Disease
Dialogue two: Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Part three: medical reading: Skin
Nerve tissues consist of two types of cells, nerve cells and neuralgia cells. the nerve
cell is a basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system, also called a
neuron. The neuron is the cell with processes.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 逐渐、坏死、保护、受损等；
Key sentence patterns: ……被……了；……一点儿也不……，……对……有……
作用
Chapter 14 Medical Genetics
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to the medical genetics, such as “albinism”,
“color blindness”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the Genetic Clinic
as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to medical genetics, such as “基因 gene”, “遗
传 inheritance”, “显性遗传 dominant inheritance”, “纯合子 homozygote”, etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: Albinism;
Dialogue two: Color Blindness.
9
Part three: medical reading: Medical Genetics
Medical genetics is a subject that combines genetics with medicine. The objective of
medical genetics is to investigate a genetic cause to the diseases in the human body
which are called genetic diseases. The disease is a result of the abnormality of genetic
substances. The genetic substances include chromosomes and gene or DNA.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 怀疑，家族，后代，可能性，遗憾，携带者，百分之;
Key sentence patterns: ……是……还是……？……由……组成；在……中
Chapter 15 Physiology
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to the Physiology, such as “conditioned reflex”,
“hyperkalemia”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the ward as a
doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to Physiology, such as “ 新 陈 代 谢
metabolism”, “ 反 射 reflex”, “ 静 息 电 位 resting potential”, “ 动 作 电 位 action
potential”, etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: Conditioned Reflex;
Dialogue two: Hyperkalemia.
Part three: medical reading: Physiology
Physiology is the study of life involving the function of every part of the body. The
goal of human physiology is to deal with activity of the cells, tissues and organs in
each system of the human body. In short, physiology can kelp us to understand how
respiration happens and why the heart works as well as many other mechanisms of
life activities. if the unction of organs remains in the normal condition. They are
regulated continuously. There are three kinds of regulation of functions and activities:
nervous regulation, humoral regulation and auto regulation.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 考试、复习、感受、加快、体验、危险、心跳骤停、
缩短、延长;
Key sentence patterns: ……实际上……；……有可能导致……；……从……
到……；完了，完了，……
Chapter 16 Respiration and Digestive Physiology
[Aims and requirement]
10
Grasp the medical words which relate to the Respiration and Digestive Physiology,
such as “emphysema”, “duodenal ulcer”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the
patients in the digestive diseases clinic as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to Respiration and Digestive Physiology, such
as “呼吸 respiration”, “肺容积 pulmonary”, “消化酶 digestive enzyme”, “胆汁盐 bile
salts”, etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: Emphysema;
Dialogue two: Duodenal Ulcer.
Part three: medical reading: Respiration and Digestive Physiology
Respiration means the exchange of gases between the outer environment and the body.
The respiratory system is composed of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and
lungs. Respiration is subdivided into three processes, namely external respiration,
geseus transport and internal respiration. External respiration refers to pulmonary
ventilation and the exchanges of gases in the lungs. The ventilation means the inflow
wand out flow of air between the atmosphere and the lung alveoli. The exchange of
gases in the lungs means the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the
alveoli and the blood in the capillaries of the lunges. The alveoli provide a main place
for the exchanges of gases in the lungs.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 过度、膨胀、锻炼、缩小、十二指肠溃疡、分泌、帮
助、放心；
Key sentence patterns: ……不好吗？没有……，……就……了；就是……
被……给……了
Chapter 17 Blood and Circulatory Physiology
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to the Blood and Circulatory Physiology, such
as “blood transfusion”, “shock”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the
intensive care unit as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to Blood and Circulatory Physiology, such as
“血浆渗透压 plasma osmotic pressure”, “交叉配血试验 cross-match test”, “血液凝
固 blood coagulation”, “中心静脉压 central venous pressure”, etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: blood transfusion;
Dialogue two: shock.
11
Part three: medical reading: Blood and Circulatory Physiology
Blood flows in the cardiovascular system; the function of circulation is to transport
nutrients to the tissue and to transport waste products away. Blood has a role in the
regulation of acid-base balance, maintenance of internal environment stabilization,
and also functions in protection and prevention. It takes part in physiological clotting
and homeostasis of the body, fighting against infection. The total volume of blood is
7-8% of the body’s weight. A large loss of blood may result in shock or even
endanger.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 出血、止血、绝对、维持、促进、病危、加重、根据、
调整;
Key sentence patterns: 只能……，绝对不能……；……不仅……，还……，可
以……；根据……
Chapter 18 Urinary Physiology
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to the Urinary Physiology, such as “glomerular
nephritis”, “urinaemia”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the
nephroologic as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to Urinary Physiology, such as “肾单位
nephron”, “原尿 primary urea”, “多尿 oliguresis”, “肾素 renin”, etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: glomerular nephritis;
Dialogue two: urinaemia.
Part three: medical reading: Urinary Physiology
Kidney is the main organ of the urnary system. The principal function is to form and
discharge urine. The kidney also serves multiple functions by regulating the process
of urine formation: excretion of metabolic waste products and foreign chemicals,
regulation of waste and electrolyte balance, regulation of body fluid osmolality and
electrolyte concentrations, regulation of acid-bass balance and regulation of arterial
pressure.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 儿科、细菌、水肿、胶囊、降压药、肾病科、晚期、
肾透析;
Key sentence patterns: 是不是……？可以……，不过……；……只能……，
对……没作用
12
Chapter 19 Biochemistry
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to the Biochemistry, such as “diet”, “hepatic
encephalopathy”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the internal
medicine ward and in the doctor’s office of the ward as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to Biochemistry, such as “淀粉 starch”, “脂肪
fat”, “必需氨基酸 essential amino acids”, “微量元素 trace elements”, etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
Dialogue one: diet;
Dialogue two: hepatic encephalopathy.
Part three: medical reading: Biochemistry
Biochemistry can be defined more formally as the science concerning the chemical
basis of life. It mainly studies the molecular structure and function of the organism,
the substance metabolism and regulation in the organism and the function of the
organism in the life activities. The basic feature of life is metabolism and normal
substance metabolism is essential to life. The substance metabolism includes
anabolism and cata bolism. Most kinds of biochemical reactions are catalyzed by
enzymes. The enzyme is a specific catalyst in all living things, which is indeed a kind
of protein. In substance metabolism, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are oxidized
and released as free energy, which is called energy metabolism.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 饮食、控制、肥肉、内脏、糟糕、习惯、肝性脑病、
肝硬化;
Key sentence patterns: 看来……；……将……成……；……，如……
Chapter 20 General SurgeryI-Acute Appendictis
[Aims and requirement]
Grasp the medical words which relate to Acute Appendictis, such as “acute”,
“appendictis”, “tendrness” etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the clinic
as a doctor.
[Contents]
Part one: medical words which relate to Acute Appendictis, such as “急性 acute”, “阑
尾炎 appendictis”, “压痛 tendrness”, etc.
Part two: conversations
Commonly-used words;
13
Dialogue one:The diagnosis of Acute Appendictis ;
Dialogue two: Operation of Acute Appendictis
Part three: medical reading: Acute Abdomen
“Acute abdomen”is a medical term used for a sudden,severe abdominal pain that is
less than 24 hours in duration and that needs treat surgicaltreatment.There are a
number of causes of acute abdomen may be different.some of the cases are so severe
and urgent that they require immediatecare and surgery.
[Focal and difficult points]
All medical words;
Commonly-used words: 肚脐，逐渐，胀痛，恶心，呕吐，尿常规
Experimental part (8hours)
This part needs 6 teaching hours. In this part, we plan to visit hospital and practise the
diagnosis of the SP.
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